Section 321.02. Loads and materials.

  Every dwelling shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the requirements of this section.

(1)   Design load. Every dwelling shall be designed and constructed to support the actual dead load, live loads and wind loads acting upon it without exceeding the allowable stresses of the material. The construction of buildings and structures shall result in a system that provides a complete load path capable of transferring all loads from point of origin through the load-resisting elements to the foundation.

(a) Dead loads. Every dwelling shall be designed and constructed to support the actual weight of all components and materials. Earth-sheltered dwellings shall be designed and constructed to support the actual weight of all soil loads.

(b) Live loads.

1. `Floors and ceilings.' Floors and ceilings shall be designed and constructed to support the minimum live loads listed in Table 321.02. The design load shall be applied uniformly over the component area. - See PDF for table

2. `Snow loads.' Roofs shall be designed and constructed to support the minimum snow loads listed on the zone map. The loads shall be assumed to act vertically over the roof area projected upon a horizontal plane.

(c) Wind loads. Dwellings shall be designed and constructed to withstand either a horizontal and uplift pressure of 20 pounds per square foot acting over the surface area or the wind loads determined in accordance with ASCE 7–05, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures .

(2)   Methods of design. All dwellings shall be designed by the method of structural analysis or the method of accepted practice specified in each part of this code.

(3)   Structural standards.

(a) General. Design, construction, installation, practice and structural analysis shall conform to the following nationally recognized standards.

(b) Wood.

1. Except as provided in subd. 1. a. and b. , structural lumber, glue-laminated timber, timber pilings and fastenings shall be designed in accordance with the "National Design Specification for Wood Construction" and the "Design Values for Wood Construction," a supplement to the National Design Specification for Wood Construction.

a. Section 2.2.5.3. The cumulative effects of short-time loads, such as snow, shall be considered in determining duration of load. For snow load, no greater duration of load factor than 1.15 shall be used.

b. Section 4.1.7. The provisions of this section shall also apply to reused lumber. Reused lumber shall be considered to have a duration of load factor of 0.90.

2. Span tables for joists and rafters printed in ch. SPS 325 Appendix A or approved by the department may be used in lieu of designing by structural analysis.

3. Sawn lumber that is not graded in accordance with the standards under subd. 1. , shall use the NDS published allowable design stresses for the lumber species using grade number 3 when used for studs, stringers, rafters or joists and may use grade number 1 when used for beams, posts or timbers.

(c) Structural steel. The design, fabrication, and erection of structural steel for buildings shall conform to Specification for Structural Steel Buildings and the provisions of the accompanying commentary as adopted under Table 320.24-3.

(d) Concrete. Plain, reinforced or prestressed concrete construction shall conform to the following standards:

1. ACI Standard 318, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete.

2. ACI Standard 332, Residential Code Requirements for Structural Concrete.

(e) Masonry. The design and construction of masonry shall conform to the following standards:

1. ACI 530, Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures.

2. ACI 530.1, Specification for Masonry Structures.

(f) Engineered structural components. Engineered structural components shall be used in accordance with structural analysis or with load tables supplied by the manufacturer, provided those load tables were developed using structural analysis or load testing.

(g) Whole logs. Dwellings constructed of whole logs shall conform to ICC 400, Standard on the Design and Construction of Log Structures.

(h) Fasteners.

1. All building components shall be fastened to withstand the dead load, live load, snow load, and wind load.

2. Fasteners shall comply with the schedule listed in Table 321.02-2.

(4)   Alternate materials and standards. No part of this code is intended to prohibit or discourage use of alternate, equivalent materials or standards; or the construction of innovative dwellings such as a dwelling built below ground, a geodesic dome, a concrete house, a fiberglass house, or any other nonconventional structure.

Cr. Register, November, 1979, No. 287 , eff. 6-1-80; r. and recr. (3) (a), am. (3) (c) and Table 21.02, cr. (3) (c) 2., Register, February, 1985, No. 350 , eff. 3-1-85; cr. (3) (a) 3., am. (3) (b), renum. (3) (e) to be (3) (d), and am., Register, November, 1995, No. 479 , eff. 12-1-95; renum. and am. (1) (c) to be (1) (c) 1., cr. (1) (c) 2. and 3., am. (3) (d), Register, January, 1999, No. 517 , eff. 2-1-99; r. (3) (a) 3. and cr. (3) (e), Register, March, 2001, No. 543 , eff. 4-1-01; correction in (3) (b) made under s. 13.93 (2m) (b) 7., Stats., Register, March, 2001, No. 543 ; CR 02-077 : am. (1) (intro.) and (d) Register May 2003 No. 569 , eff. 8-1-03; corrections in (3) (b) and (d) made under s. 13.93 (2m) (b) 7., Stats., Register May 2003 No. 569 ; CR 08-043 : r. (1) (c) 2. and 3., renum. (1) (c) 1., (3) (a) to (e) and (intro.) to be (1) (c), (3) (b) to (f) and (3) (a) and am. (3) (a) and (e), am. (3) (title), cr. (3) (b) 3., (e) 1., 2. and (g), am. (3) (e) Register March 2009 No. 639 , eff. 4-1-09; correction in (1) (b) 1., (3) (c) made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 7., Stats., Register December 2011 No. 672 ; EmR1403 : emerg. am. (1) (c), eff. 4-1-14; CR 15-015 : am. (1) (c) Register August 2014 No. 704 , eff. 9-1-14; CR 15-041 : renum. Table 321.02 to Table 321.02-1 and (1) (d) to (3) (h) 1. and am., am. (3) (c), (d) 1., 2., consol. (3) (g) (intro.) and 2. and renum. to (3) (g) and am., r. (3) (g) 1., cr. (3) (h) 2., Table 321.02-2 renum. from SPS 320 to 325 Appendix and am., (4) renum from SPS 320.02 (5) and am. Register December 2015 No. 720 , eff. 1-1-16; correction in (3) (b) 2. under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 7., Stats., Register December 2015 No. 720 .

Note

ASCE 7–05 allows for substantial reduction from 20 psf as applied to the surface area. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 See ch. NR 116 , rules of the department of natural resources, for special requirements relating to buildings located in flood plain zones. Information regarding the elevation of the regional flood may be obtained from the local zoning official. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Figure 321.02 Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 ZONE MAP FOR ROOF LOADS - See PDF for diagram Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Concrete construction in one- and two-family dwellings should meet the standards established in ACI 332. Construction means, materials, or methods not addressed in ACI 332 should meet the standards established in ACI 318. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 This standard requires the minimum log diameter to be 8 inches. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Other fastening methods may be allowed if engineered under s. SPS 321.02 (3) . Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Other interior and exterior panel products and finishes installed per manufacturer requirements. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 For engineered connectors, use manufacturer's specified fasteners. - See PDF for table - See PDF for table Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1 All nails are smooth-common, box or deformed shank except where otherwise stated. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2 Nail is a general description and may be T-head, modified round head or round head. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 3 Staples are 16-gauge wire, unless otherwise noted, and have a minimum 7 / 16 ? o.d. crown width. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 4 Staples shall be spaced at not more than 10 ? o.c. at intermediate supports for floors. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 5 Apply vertically 4 ` x 8 ` or 4 ` x 9 ` panels. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Examples of materials addressed by this subsection include structural insulated panels that are used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions or structural analysis, and cold-formed steel framing complying with AISI S230 Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing — Prescriptive Method for One and Two Family Dwellings . Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1