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Wisconsin Administrative Code (Last Updated: January 10, 2017) |
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Agency SPS. Department of Safety and Professional Services |
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Chapters 301-. Safety, Buildings, and Environment |
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Chapters SPS320-325. Uniform Dwelling Code |
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Chapter SPS325. Plumbing |
UDC Appendix A
Latest version.
- UDC AppendixTable of Contents - See PDF for table
Normally, for 3 or more attached dwelling units, the Commercial Building Code (CBC) applies. Attached means some construction (other than footings and their bearing material) is shared by the units.Where 3 or more adjacent but unattached dwelling units are each built with the outside walls that comply with the Uniform Dwelling Code (UDC), the UDC applies throughout and the CBC does not apply, even if those outside walls are adjacent to or adjoin each other. If flashing is added over the top of two such adjoining walls, the UDC would still apply.Model Ordinance for Adoption of Wisconsin Uniform Dwelling CodeIt is intended that this model will assist local jurisdictions, working with corporation counsel, through regular procedures, in adopting a local ordinance. The Wisconsin Division of Industry Services also offers an electronic version of this model ordinance and a more comprehensive model building code on our website at http://dsps.wi.gov/programs/industry-services , on the One- and Two-Family (Uniform Dwelling Code) program page. Upon adoption of a new building code, send a certified copy to the Division of Industry Services, P.O. Box 2658, Madison, WI 53701-2658, or fax it to (608) 283-7457, along with the name of your certified inspector(s).Town, Village, City, County of ______________________.ORDINANCE #CONTENTS1.1 Authority1.2 Purpose1.3 Scope1.4 Adoption of Wisconsin Uniform Dwelling Code1.5 Building Inspector1.6 Building Permit Required1.7 Building Permit Fees1.8 Penalties1.9 Effective Date1.1 AUTHORITY. These regulations are adopted under the authority granted by s. 101.65 , Wisconsin Statutes[IF COUNTY ORDINANCE] This ordinance shall apply in any municipality of over 2,500 population without a Uniform Dwelling Code enforcement program and the following other municipalities requesting county enforcement: _____________ ________ and in the following other municipalities that the Wisconsin Department of Safety and Professional Services has delegated enforcement to our county .1.2 PURPOSE. The purpose of this ordinance is to promote the general health, safety and welfare and to maintain required local uniformity with the administrative and technical requirements of the Wisconsin Uniform Dwelling Code.1.3 SCOPE. The scope of this ordinance includes the construction and inspection of one- and two-family dwellings built since June 1, 1980.[OPTIONAL] Not withstanding s. SPS 320.05 , the scope also includes the construction and inspection of alterations and additions to one- and two-family dwellings built before June 1, 1980. Because such projects are not under state jurisdiction, petitions for variance and final appeals under ss. SPS 320.19 and 320.21 , respectively, shall be decided by the municipal board of appeals. Petitions for variance shall be decided per s. SPS 320.19 (intro.) so that equivalency is maintained to the intent of the rule being petitioned. As the board of appeals approves petitions for variance, the chief inspector is granted the power to apply the results to similar circumstances by precedent.[OPTIONAL] Not withstanding s. SPS 320.05 , the scope also includes the construction and inspection of detached garages serving one and two family dwellings. The building structure and any heating, electrical or plumbing systems shall comply with the Uniform Dwelling Code. Petitions for variance and appeals shall be handled as in the previous paragraph.1.4 WISCONSIN UNIFORM DWELLING CODE ADOPTED. The Wisconsin Uniform Dwelling Code, Chs. SPS 320 - 325 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code, and all amendments thereto, is adopted and incorporated by reference and shall apply to all buildings within the scope of this ordinance.1.5 BUILDING INSPECTOR. There is hereby created the position of Building Inspector, who shall administer and enforce this ordinance and shall be certified by the Department of Safety and Professional Services, as specified by Wisconsin Statutes, Section 101.66 (2) , in the category of Uniform Dwelling Code Construction Inspector. Additionally, this or other assistant inspectors shall possess the certification categories of UDC HVAC, UDC Electrical, and UDC Plumbing. ( NOTE : Contact the Department of Safety and Professional Services at (608) 261-8500 for certification information.)1.6 BUILDING PERMIT REQUIRED. If a person alters a building in excess of [INSERT AMOUNT] $ value in any 12-month period, adds onto a building in excess of [INSERT VALUE or AREA AMOUNT] ____________ in any 12-month period, or builds or installs a new building, within the scope of this ordinance, they shall first obtain a building permit for such work from the building inspector. Any structural changes or major changes to mechanical systems that involve extensions shall require permits if over the foregoing thresholds. Restoration or repair of an installation to its previous code- compliant condition as determined by the building inspector is exempted from permit requirements. Residing, re-roofing, finishing of interior surfaces and installation of cabinetry shall be [CHOOSE OPTION] included/exempted from permit requirements.( NOTE : Fill in the threshold amount above which permits are required. Also decide whether new interior and exterior surfaces or cabinetry shall be included or exempted.)1.7 BUILDING PERMIT FEE. The building permit fees shall be determined by resolution and shall include $25.00 to be forwarded to the Wisconsin Department of Safety and Professional Services for a UDC permit seal that shall be assigned to any new dwelling.1.8 PENALTIES. The enforcement of this section and all other laws and ordinances relating to building shall be by means of the withholding of building permits, imposition of forfeitures and injunctive action. Forfeitures shall be not less than $25.00 nor more than $1,000.00 for each day of noncompliance.1.9 EFFECTIVE DATE. This ordinance shall be effective , upon passage and publication as provided by law.1.10 The building inspector(s) shall keep a log of all inspections completed.Adopted this , day of ,_____________________________________(Mayor, President, Chairperson)Attest: _________________________Published: ______________________INSTRUCTIONSThe owner, builder or agents shall complete the application form down through the Signature of Applicant block and submit it and building plans and specifications to the enforcing jurisdiction, which is usually your municipality or county. Permit application data is used for statewide statistical gathering on new one- and two-family dwellings, as well as for local code administration.Please type or use ink and press firmly with multi-ply form.PERMIT REQUESTED• Check off type of Permit Requested, such as structural, HVAC, Electrical or Plumbing.• Fill in owner's current Mailing Address and Telephone Number.• If the project will disturb one acre or more of soil, the project is subject to the additional erosion control and stormwater provisions of ch. NR 151 of the WI Administrative Code. Checking this box will satisfy the related notification requirements of ch. NR 216 .• Fill in Contractor and Contractor Qualifier Information. Per s. 101.654 (1) WI Stats., an individual taking out an erosion control or construction permit shall enter his or her dwelling contractor certificate number, and name and certificate number of the dwelling contractor qualifier employed by the contactor, unless they reside or will reside in the dwelling. Per s. 101.63 (7) Wis. Stats., the master plumber name and license number must be entered before issuing a plumbing permit.PROJECT LOCATION• Fill in Building Address (number and street or sufficient information so that the building inspector can locate the site.• Local zoning, land use and flood plain requirements must be satisfied before a building permit can be issued. County approval may be necessary.• Fill in Zoning District, lot area and required building setbacks.PROJECT DATA — Fill in all numbered project data blocks (1-14) with the required information. All data blocks must be filled in, including the following:2. Area (involved in project):Basements — include unfinished area onlyLiving area — include any finished area including finished areas in basementsTwo-family dwellings — include separate and total combined areas3. Occupancy — Check only "Single-Family" or "Two-Family" if that is what is being worked on. In other words, do not check either of these two blocks if only a new detached garage is being built, even if it serves a one or two family dwelling. Instead, check "Garage" and number of stalls. If the project is a community based residential facility serving 3 to 8 residents, it is considered a single-family dwelling.9. HVAC Equipment — Check only the major source of heat, plus central air conditioning if present. Only check "Radiant Baseboard" if there is no central source of heat.10. Plumbing — A building permit cannot be issued until a sanitary permit has been issued for any new or affected existing private onsite wastewater treatment system.14. Estimated Cost — Include the total cost of construction, including materials and market rate labor, but not the cost of land or landscaping.SIGNATURE — The owner or the contractor's authorized agent shall sign and date this application form. If you do not possess the Dwelling Contractor certification, then you will need to check the owner-occupancy statement for any erosion control or construction permits.CONDITIONS OF APPROVAL — The authority having jurisdiction uses this section to state any conditions that must be complied with pursuant to issuing the building permit.ISSUING JURISDICTION: This must be completed by the authority having jurisdiction.• Check off Jurisdiction Status, such as town, village, city, county or state and fill in Municipality Name• Fill in State Inspection Agency number only if working under state inspection jurisdiction.• Fill in Municipality Number of Dwelling Location• Check off type of Permit Issued, such as construction, HVAC, electrical or plumbing.• Fill in Wisconsin Uniform Permit Seal Number, if project is a new one- or two-family dwelling.• Fill in Name and Inspector Certification Number of person reviewing building plans and date building permit issued.INSPECTORS: PLEASE RETURN SECOND PLY WITHIN 30 DAYS AFTER ISSUANCE TO (You may foldalong the dashed lines and insert this form into a window envelope.):Industry Services DivisionPO Box 7302Madison WI 53707-7302(Part of Ply 4 for Applicants)Cautionary Statement to Owners Obtaining Building Permits101.65(lr) of the Wisconsin Statutes requires municipalities that enforce the Uniform Dwelling Code to provide an owner who applies for a building permit with a statement advising the owner that:If the owner hires a contractor to perform work under the building permit and the contractor is not bonded or insured as required under s. 101.654 (2) (a) , the following consequences might occur:(a) The owner may be held liable for any bodily injury to or death of others or for any damage to the property of others that arises out of the work performed under the building permit or that is caused by any negligence by the contractor that occurs in connection with the work performed under the building permit.(b) The owner may not be able to collect from the contractor damages for any loss sustained by the owner because of a violation by the contractor of the one- and two- family dwelling code or an ordinance enacted under sub. (1) (a), because of any bodily injury to or death of others or damage to the property of others that arises out of the work performed under the building permit or because of any bodily injury to or death of others or damage to the property of others that is caused by any negligence by the contractor that occurs in connection with the work performed under the building permit.Cautionary Statement to Contractors for Projects Involving Building Built Before 1978If this project is in a dwelling or child-occupied facility, built before 1978, and disturbs 6 sq. ft. or more of paint per room, 20 sq. ft. or more of exterior paint, or involves windows, then the requirements of ch. DHS 163 requiring Lead-Safe Renovation Training and Certification apply. Call (608)261-6876 or go to the Wisconsin Department of Health Services' lead homepage for details of how to be in complianceWetlands Notice to Permit ApplicantsYou are responsible for complying with state and federal laws concerning the construction near or on wetlands, lakes, and streams. Wetlands that are not associated with open water can be difficult to identify. Failure to comply may result in removal or modification of construction that violates the law or other penalties or costs. For more information, visit the Department of Natural Resources wetlands identification web page or contact a Department of Natural Resources service center.Additional Responsibilities for Owners of Projects Disturbing One or More Acre of SoilI understand that this project is subject to ch. NR 151 regarding additional erosion control and stormwater management and will comply with those standards.Owner's Signature:Contractor Credential RequirementsAll contractors shall possess an appropriate contractor credential issued by the Wisconsin Division of Industry Services. Contractors are also required to only subcontract with contractors that hold the appropriate contractor credentials.Page 2 of ______Fire Department Position StatementTo be completed for fire or life-safety related variances requested from SPS 361-66, SPS 316, and other fire-related requirements.I have read the application for variance and recommend: (check appropriate box)⍽ Approval ⍽ Conditional Approval ⍽ Denial ⍽ No CommentExplanation for recommendation including any conflicts with local rules and regulations and suggested conditions:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Municipal Buildings Inspection RecommendationTo be completed for variances requested from SPS 320-323. Also to be used for SPS 316 electrical petitions, if SPS 361- 366 plan review is by municipality or orders are written on the building under construction; optional in other cases.Please submit a copy of the orders.I have read the application for variance and recommend: (check appropriate box)⍽ Approval ⍽ Conditional Approval ⍽ Denial ⍽ No CommentExplanation for recommendation including any conflicts with local rules and regulations and suggested conditions:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Industry Services DivisionPetition for VarianceInformation and Instructions SPS 303In instances where exact compliance with a particular code requirement cannot be met or alternative designs are desired, the division has a petition for variance process in which it reviews and considers acceptance of alternatives which are not in strict conformance with the letter of the code, but which meet the intent of the code. A variance is not a waiver from a code requirement. The petitioner must provide an equivalency which meets the intent of the code section petitioned to obtain a variance. Documentation of the rationale for the equivalency is required. Failure to provide adequate information may delay a decision on the petition. Pictures, sketches, and plans may be submitted to support equivalency. If the proposed equivalency does not adequately safeguard the health, safety, and welfare of building occupants, frequenters, firefighters, etc., the variance request will be denied. NOTE: A SEPARATE PETITION IS REQUIRED FOR EACH BUILDING AND EACH CODE ISSUE PETITIONED (i.e., window issue cannot be processed on the same petition as stair issue). It should be noted that a petition for variance does not take the place of any required plan review submittal.The division is unable to process petitions for variance that are not properly completed. Before submitting the application, the following items should be checked for completeness in order to avoid delays:• Petitioner's name (typed or printed)• Petitioner's signature• The application must be signed by the owner of the building or system unless a Power of Attorney is submitted.• Notary Public signature with affixed seal• Analysis to establish equivalency, including any pictures, illustrations or sketches of the existing and proposed conditions to clearly convey your proposal to the reviewer.• Proper fee• Any required position statements by fire chief or municipal officialA position statement from the chief of the local fire department is required for fire or life-safety issues. No fire department position statement is required for topics such as plumbing, private onsite sewage systems, or energy conservation. Submit a municipal building inspection department position for SPS 316 electrical petitions, or if SPS 361-366 commercial building plan review is by the municipality or orders are written on the building under construction. (Submit a copy of the orders.) For rules relating to one- and two-family dwellings, only a position statement is required only if the local municipality is the enforcing body. Position statements must be completed and signed by the appropriate fire chief or municipal enforcement official. Signatures or seals on all documents must be originals. Photocopies are not acceptable.Section SPS 320.09 (9) (c) refers to s. SPS 383.25 (2) , which reads as follows:SPS 383.25 (2) I SSUANCE OF BUILDING PERMITS. (a) General. Pursuant to s. 145.195 , Stats., the issuance of building permits by a municipality for unsewered properties shall be in accordance with this subsection.
Note
Note:
See appendix for a reprint of s.
145.195
, Stats.
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(b)
New construction.
A municipality may not issue a building permit to commence construction or installation of a structure that necessitates the use of a POWTS to serve the structure, unless:
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SPS 383.21
; or
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Note:
Section
SPS 383.21
outlines the procedures for the issuance of sanitary permits. Section
145.19
, Stats., mandates that no private sewage system may be installed unless the owner of the property holds a valid sanitary permit.
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2. A POWTS of adequate capability and capacity to accommodate the wastewater flow and contaminant load already exists to serve the structure.
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Note:
See ss.
SPS 383.02
and
383.03
concerning the application of current code requirements to existing POWTS.
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(c)
Construction affecting wastewater flow or contaminant load.
1. A municipality may not issue a building permit to commence construction of any addition or alteration to an existing structure when the proposed construction will modify the design wastewater flow or contaminant load, or both, to an existing POWTS, unless the owner of the property:
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a. Possesses a sanitary permit to either modify the existing POWTS or construct a POWTS to accommodate the modification in wastewater flow or contaminant load, or both; or
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b. Provides documentation to verify that the existing POWTS is sufficient to accommodate the modification in wastewater flow or contaminant load, or both.
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2. For the purpose of this paragraph, a modification in wastewater flow or contaminant load shall be considered to occur:
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a. For commercial facilities, public buildings, and places of employment, when there is a proposed change in occupancy of the structure; or the proposed modification affects either the type or number of plumbing appliances, fixtures or devices discharging to the system; and
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b. For dwellings, when there is an increase or decrease in the number of bedrooms.
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(d)
Documentation of existing capabilities.
Documentation to verify whether an existing POWTS can accommodate a modification in wastewater flow or contaminant load, or both, shall include at least one of the following:
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1. A copy of the plan for the existing POWTS that delineates minimum and maximum performance capabilities and which has been previously approved by the department or the governmental unit.
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2. Information on the performance capabilities for the existing POWTS that has been recognized through a product approval under ch.
SPS 384
.
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3. A written investigative report prepared by an architect, engineer, designer of plumbing systems, designer of private sewage systems, master plumber, master plumber-restricted service or certified POWTS inspector analyzing the proposed modification and the performance capabilities of the existing POWTS.
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(e) Where the performance capability of the existing POWTS serving a dwelling is not based on the number of bedrooms within the dwelling, information documenting that design condition shall be recorded as a covenant running with the deed for the property.
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(f)
Setbacks.
1. A municipality may not issue a building permit for construction of any structure or addition to a structure on a site where there exists a POWTS, unless the proposed construction conforms to the applicable setback limitations under s.
SPS 383.43 (8) (i)
.
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2. The applicant for a building permit shall provide documentation to the municipality issuing the building permit showing the location and setback distances for the proposed construction relative to all of the following:
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a. Existing POWTS treatment components.
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b. Existing POWTS holding components.
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c. Existing POWTS dispersal components.
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Note:
A municipality which issues building permits may delegate to the governmental unit responsible for issuing sanitary permits the determination of whether the proposed construction will affect or interfere with an existing POWTS relating to capability or location of the existing POWTS.
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Use the following Span Tables to determine the maximum spans for floor and ceiling joists and roof rafters. These spans are based on:
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•
Simple, single spans (although the tables may be safely used for continuous two-span floor joists)
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•
Uniformly distributed loads
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•
Fully supported members with one edge properly sheathed and nailed
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•
For floor joists and roof rafters, the top edge shall be properly sheathed and nailed
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•
Rafters with a minimum 3:12 slope
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The criteria for each Span Table is given in the upper left hand corner and is also summarized in the table of Span Tables below. Choose the appropriate Span Table based on the member type and required loading. Select your desired member depth, member spacing and span to determine the minimum Fb value. Note that these tables include recommended deflection criteria. However, for strict code compliance, only the Fb strength requirements must be satisfied. The modulus of elasticity (E) values, would be met for serviceability purposes only.
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Note that straight-line interpolation is permitted for intermediate spans and design values. Span is measured from face to face of supports plus one-half of the required bearing of 1.5
?
on wood or metal and 3
?
on masonry or concrete at each end. For sloping rafters, the span is measured along the horizontal projection.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1Section
SPS 321.27
allows reduction of the snow live load for roof slopes greater than 30 degrees (7/12 slope) based on the formula Cs = 1 - (a-30)/40, where "a" is the slope of the roof expressed in degrees. Following is a table of tabulated values for certain roof slopes.
-
See PDF for table
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Use the Design Value tables following the Span Tables to determine the acceptable species and grades to satisfy minimum Fb values obtained from the Span Tables. The Design Value tables assume at least three members spaced no more than 24
?
on center. Use the Normal Duration column Fb values for joists and the Snow Loading column Fb values for rafters.
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See the following examples for further guidance.
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*Deflection criteria are optional. For roof rafters with drywall on the underside, use the stricter L/240 tables to limit deflection.
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Example 1. Floor Joists.
Assume a required single span of 12
`
-9
?
, dead load of 10 psf and joists spaced 16
?
on center. Table F-2 (see following highlighted tables) shows that one solution is a grade of 2x8 having an Fb value of 1255 would allow a span of 12
`
-10
?
which satisfies the condition. (Note that the recommended E value to limit deflection would be 1,600,000.) Going to the Design Value Tables, we find that as an example, 2x8 Hem Fir grade No.1 has an Fb value of 1310 for normal duration. (It also has an E value of 1,500,000 which does not satisfy the recommended deflection criteria.)
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Example 2. Rafters.
Assume a horizontal projected span of 13
`
-0
?
, a live load of 40 psf, dead load of 10 psf, a roof slope of 4/12 and rafters spaced 16
?
on center. Since the slope is shallower than 7/12, there is no allowable reduction of the snow live load. Table R-3 shows that a 2x8 having an Fb value of 1300 would allow a span of 13
`
-1
?
which satisfies the condition. (Note that the recommended E value to limit deflection would be 1,120,000.) Going to the Design Value Tables, we find that as an example, 2x8 Douglas Fir-Larch grade No.2 has an Fb value of 1390 for snow loading. (It also has an E value of 1,600,000 which satisfies the recommended deflection criteria.)
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-
See PDF for diagram
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TABLE F- 2
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FLOOR JOISTS WITH L/360 DEFLECTION LIMITS
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DESIGN CRITERIA:
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Deflection - For 40 psf live load.
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Limited to span in inches divided by 360.
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Strength - Live load of 40 psf plus dead load
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of 10 psf determines the required bending design value.
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Joist
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Size
Spacing
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(in)
(in)
Modulus of Elasticity, E, in 1,000,000 psi
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0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
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12.0
8- 6
8-10
9- 2
9- 6
9- 9
10- 0
10- 3
10- 6
10- 9
10-11
11- 2
11- 4
11- 7
11- 9
11-11
12- 1
12- 3
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16.0
7- 9
8- 0
8- 4
8- 7
8-10
9- 1
9- 4
9- 6
9- 9
9-11
10- 2
10- 4
10- 6
10- 8
10-10
11- 0
11- 2
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2x 6
19.2
7- 3
7- 7
7-10
8- 1
8- 4
8- 7
8- 9
9- 0
9- 2
9- 4
9- 6
9- 8
9-10
10- 0
10- 2
10- 4
10- 6
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24.0
6- 9
7- 0
7- 3
7- 6
7- 9
7-11
8- 2
8- 4
8- 6
8- 8
8-10
9- 0
9- 2
9- 4
9- 6
9- 7
9- 9
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12.0
11- 3
11- 8
12- 1
12- 6
12-10
13- 2
13- 6
13-10
14- 2
14- 5
14- 8
15- 0
15- 3
15- 6
15- 9
15-11
16- 2
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16.0
10- 2
10- 7
11- 0
11- 4
11- 8
12- 0
12- 3
12- 7
12-10
13- 1
13- 4
13- 7
13-10
14- 1
14- 3
14- 6
14- 8
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2x 8
19.2
9- 7
10- 0
10- 4
10- 8
11- 0
11- 3
11- 7
11-10
12- 1
12- 4
12- 7
12-10
13- 0
13- 3
13- 5
13- 8
13-10
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24.0
8-11
9- 3
9- 7
9-11
10- 2
10- 6
10- 9
11- 0
11- 3
11- 5
11- 8
11-11
12- 1
12- 3
12- 6
12- 8
12-10
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12.0
14- 4
14-11
15- 5
15-11
16- 5
16-10
17- 3
17- 8
18- 0
18- 5
18- 9
19- 1
19- 5
19- 9
20- 1
20- 4
20- 8
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16.0
13- 0
13- 6
14- 0
14- 6
14-11
15- 3
15- 8
16- 0
16- 5
16- 9
17- 0
17- 4
17- 8
17-11
18- 3
18- 6
18- 9
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2x10
19.2
12- 3
12- 9
13- 2
13- 7
14- 0
14- 5
14- 9
15- 1
15- 5
15- 9
16- 0
16- 4
16- 7
16-11
17- 2
17- 5
17- 8
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24.0
11- 4
11-10
12- 3
12- 8
13- 0
13- 4
13- 8
14- 0
14- 4
14- 7
14-11
15- 2
15- 5
15- 8
15-11
16- 2
16- 5
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12.0
17- 5
18- 1
18- 9
19- 4
19-11
20- 6
21- 0
21- 6
21-11
22- 5
22-10
23- 3
23- 7
24- 0
24- 5
24- 9
25- 1
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16.0
15-10
16- 5
17- 0
17- 7
18- 1
18- 7
19- 1
19- 6
19-11
20- 4
20- 9
21- 1
21- 6
21-10
22- 2
22- 6
22-10
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2x12
19.2
14-11
15- 6
16- 0
16- 7
17- 0
17- 6
17-11
18- 4
18- 9
19- 2
19- 6
19-10
20- 2
20- 6
20-10
21- 2
21- 6
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
13-10
14- 4
14-11
15- 4
15-10
16- 3
16- 8
17- 0
17- 5
17- 9
18- 1
18- 5
18- 9
19- 1
19- 4
19- 8
19-11
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F
b
12.0
718
777
833
888
941
993
1043
1092
1140
1187
1233
1278
1323
1367
1410
1452
1494
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F
b
16.0
790
855
917
977
1036
1093
1148
1202
1255
1306
1357
1407
1456
1504
1551
1598
1644
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F
b
19.2
840
909
975
1039
1101
1161
1220
1277
1333
1388
1442
1495
1547
1598
1649
1698
1747
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F
b
24.0
905
979
1050
1119
1186
1251
1314
1376
1436
1496
1554
1611
1667
1722
1776
1829
1882
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The required bending design value, F
b
, in pounds per square inch is shown at the bottom of each table and is applicable to all lumber sizes shown. Spans are shown in feet-inches and are limited to 26
`
and less. Check sources of supply for availability of lumber in lengths greater than 20
`
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
TABLE C-1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
CEILING JOISTS WITH L/240 DEFLECTION LIMITS
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
DESIGN CRITERIA:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Deflection - For 10 psf live load.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Limited to span in inches divided by 240.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Strength - Live Load of 10 psf plus
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
dead load of 5 psf determines the required fiber stress value.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Joist
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Size
Spacing
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
(in)
(in)
Modulus of Elasticity, E, in 1,000,000 psi
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
9-10
10- 3
10- 7
10-11
11- 3
11- 7
11-10
12- 2
12- 5
12- 8
12-11
13- 2
13- 4
13- 7
13- 9
14- 0
14- 2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
8-11
9- 4
9- 8
9-11
10- 3
10- 6
10- 9
11- 0
11- 3
11- 6
11- 9
11-11
12- 2
12- 4
12- 6
12- 9
12-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x 4
19.2
8- 5
8- 9
9- 1
9- 4
9- 8
9-11
10- 2
10- 4
10- 7
10-10
11- 0
11- 3
11- 5
11- 7
11- 9
12- 0
12- 2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
7-10
8- 1
8- 5
8- 8
8-11
9- 2
9- 5
9- 8
9-10
10- 0
10- 3
10- 5
10- 7
10- 9
10-11
11- 1
11- 3
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
15- 6
16- 1
16- 8
17- 2
17- 8
18- 2
18- 8
19- 1
19- 6
19-11
20- 3
20- 8
21- 0
21- 4
21- 8
22- 0
22- 4
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
14- 1
14- 7
15- 2
15- 7
16- 1
16- 6
16-11
17- 4
17- 8
18- 1
18- 5
18- 9
19- 1
19- 5
19- 8
20- 0
20- 3
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x 6
19.2
13- 3
13- 9
14- 3
14- 8
15- 2
15- 7
15-11
16- 4
16- 8
17- 0
17- 4
17- 8
17-11
18- 3
18- 6
18-10
19- 1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
12- 3
12- 9
13- 3
13- 8
14- 1
14- 5
14- 9
15- 2
15- 6
15- 9
16- 1
16- 4
16- 8
16-11
17- 2
17- 5
17- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
20- 5
21- 2
21-11
22- 8
23- 4
24- 0
24- 7
25- 2
25- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
18- 6
19- 3
19-11
20- 7
21- 2
21- 9
22- 4
22-10
23- 4
23-10
24- 3
24- 8
25- 2
25- 7
25-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x 8
19.2
17- 5
18- 1
18- 9
19- 5
19-11
20- 6
21- 0
21- 6
21-11
22- 5
22-10
23- 3
23- 8
24- 0
24- 5
24- 9
25- 2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
16- 2
16-10
17- 5
18- 0
18- 6
19- 0
19- 6
19-11
20- 5
20-10
21- 2
21- 7
21-11
22- 4
22- 8
23- 0
23- 4
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
26- 0
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
23- 8
24- 7
25- 5
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x10
19.2
22- 3
23- 1
23-11
24- 9
25- 5
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
20- 8
21- 6
22- 3
22-11
23- 8
24- 3
24-10
25- 5
26- 0
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F
b
12.0
711
769
825
880
932
983
1033
1082
1129
1176
1221
1266
1310
1354
1396
1438
1480
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F
b
16.0
783
847
909
968
1026
1082
1137
1191
1243
1294
1344
1394
1442
1490
1537
1583
1629
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F
b
19.2
832
900
965
1029
1090
1150
1208
1265
1321
1375
1429
1481
1533
1583
1633
1682
1731
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F
b
24.0
896
969
1040
1108
1174
1239
1302
1363
1423
1481
1539
1595
1651
1706
1759
1812
1864
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The required bending design value, F
b
, in pounds per square inch is shown at the bottom of each table and is applicable to all lumber sizes shown. Spans are shown in feet-inches and are limited to 26
`
and less. Check sources of supply for availability of lumber in lengths greater than 20
`
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
TABLE C-2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
CEILING JOISTS WITH L/240 DEFLECTION LIMITS
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
DESIGN CRITERIA:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Deflection - For 20 psf live load.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Limited to span in inches divided by 240.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Strength - Live Load of 20 psf plus
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
dead load of 10 psf determines the required bending design value.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Size
Spacing
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
(in)
(in)
Joist Modulus of Elasticity, E, in 1,000,000 psi
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
7-10
8- 1
8- 5
8- 8
8-11
9- 2
9- 5
9- 8
9-10
10- 0
10- 3
10- 5
10- 7
10- 9
10-11
11- 1
11- 3
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
7- 1
7- 5
7- 8
7-11
8- 1
8- 4
8- 7
8- 9
8-11
9- 1
9- 4
9- 6
9- 8
9- 9
9-11
10- 1
10- 3
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x 4
19.2
6- 8
6-11
7- 2
7- 5
7- 8
7-10
8- 1
8- 3
8- 5
8- 7
8- 9
8-11
9- 1
9- 3
9- 4
9- 6
9- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
6- 2
6- 5
6- 8
6-11
7- 1
7- 3
7- 6
7- 8
7-10
8- 0
8- 1
8- 3
8- 5
8- 7
8- 8
8-10
8-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
12- 3
12- 9
13- 3
13- 8
14- 1
14- 5
14- 9
15- 2
15- 6
15- 9
16- 1
16- 4
16- 8
16-11
17- 2
17- 5
17- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
11- 2
11- 7
12- 0
12- 5
12- 9
13- 1
13- 5
13- 9
14- 1
14- 4
14- 7
14-11
15- 2
15- 5
15- 7
15-10
16- 1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x 6
19.2
10- 6
10-11
11- 4
11- 8
12- 0
12- 4
12- 8
12-11
13- 3
13- 6
13- 9
14- 0
14- 3
14- 6
14- 8
14-11
15- 2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
9- 9
10- 2
10- 6
10-10
11- 2
11- 5
11- 9
12- 0
12- 3
12- 6
12- 9
13- 0
13- 3
13- 5
13- 8
13-10
14- 1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
16- 2
16-10
17- 5
18- 0
18- 6
19- 0
19- 6
19-11
20- 5
20-10
21- 2
21- 7
21-11
22- 4
22- 8
23- 0
23- 4
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
14- 8
15- 3
15-10
16- 4
16-10
17- 3
17- 9
18- 1
18- 6
18-11
19- 3
19- 7
19-11
20- 3
20- 7
20-11
21- 2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x 8
19.2
13-10
14- 5
14-11
15- 5
15-10
16- 3
16- 8
17- 1
17- 5
17- 9
18- 1
18- 5
18- 9
19- 1
19- 5
19- 8
19-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
12-10
13- 4
13-10
14- 3
14- 8
15- 1
15- 6
15-10
16- 2
16- 6
16-10
17- 2
17- 5
17- 9
18- 0
18- 3
18- 6
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
20- 8
21- 6
22- 3
22-11
23- 8
24- 3
24-10
25- 5
26- 0
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
18- 9
19- 6
20- 2
20-10
21- 6
22- 1
22- 7
23- 1
23- 8
24- 1
24- 7
25- 0
25- 5
25-10
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x10
19.2
17- 8
18- 4
19- 0
19- 7
20- 2
20- 9
21- 3
21- 9
22- 3
22- 8
23- 1
23- 7
23-11
24- 4
24- 9
25- 1
25- 5
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
16- 5
17- 0
17- 8
18- 3
18- 9
19- 3
19- 9
20- 2
20- 8
21- 1
21- 6
21-10
22- 3
22- 7
22-11
23- 4
23- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F
b
12.0
896
969
1040
1108
1174
1239
1302
1363
1423
1481
1539
1595
1651
1706
1759
1812
1864
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F
b
16.0
986
1067
1145
1220
1293
1364
1433
1500
1566
1631
1694
1756
1817
1877
1936
1995
2052
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F
b
19.2
1048
1134
1216
1296
1374
1449
1522
1594
1664
1733
1800
1866
1931
1995
2058
2120
2181
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F
b
24.0
1129
1221
1310
1396
1480
1561
1640
1717
1793
1866
1939
2010
2080
2149
2217
2283
2349
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The required bending design value, F
b
, in pounds per square inch is shown at the bottom of each table and is applicable to all lumber sizes shown. Spans are shown in feet-inches and are limited to 26
`
and less. Check sources of supply for availability of lumber in lengths greater than 20
`
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
TABLE R-2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
RAFTERS WITH L/240 DEFLECTION LIMITATION
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
DESIGN CRITERIA:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Strength - Live Load of 30 psf plus
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Dead Load of 10 psf determines the required bending design value.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Deflection - For 30 psf live load.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Limited to span in inches divided by 240.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Size
Spacing
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
(in)
(in)
Rafter Bending Design Value, F
b
, (psi)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
6- 2
7- 1
7-11
8- 8
9- 5
10- 0
10- 8
11- 3
11- 9
12- 4
12-10
13- 3
13- 9
14- 2
14- 8
15- 1
15- 6
15-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
5- 4
6- 2
6-10
7- 6
8- 2
8- 8
9- 3
9- 9
10- 2
10- 8
11- 1
11- 6
11-11
12- 4
12- 8
13- 1
13- 5
13- 9
14- 1
14- 5
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x 6
19.2
4-10
5- 7
6- 3
6-10
7- 5
7-11
8- 5
8-11
9- 4
9- 9
10- 1
10- 6
10-10
11- 3
11- 7
11-11
12- 3
12- 7
12-10
13- 2
13- 6
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
4- 4
5- 0
5- 7
6- 2
6- 8
7- 1
7- 6
7-11
8- 4
8- 8
9- 1
9- 5
9- 9
10- 0
10- 4
10- 8
10-11
11- 3
11- 6
11- 9
12- 0
12- 4
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
8- 1
9- 4
10- 6
11- 6
12- 5
13- 3
14- 0
14-10
15- 6
16- 3
16-10
17- 6
18- 1
18- 9
19- 4
19-10
20- 5
20-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
7- 0
8- 1
9- 1
9-11
10- 9
11- 6
12- 2
12-10
13- 5
14- 0
14- 7
15- 2
15- 8
16- 3
16- 9
17- 2
17- 8
18- 1
18- 7
19- 0
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x 8
19.2
6- 5
7- 5
8- 3
9- 1
9- 9
10- 6
11- 1
11- 8
12- 3
12-10
13- 4
13-10
14- 4
14-10
15- 3
15- 8
16- 2
16- 7
16-11
17- 4
17- 9
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
5- 9
6- 7
7- 5
8- 1
8- 9
9- 4
9-11
10- 6
11- 0
11- 6
11-11
12- 5
12-10
13- 3
13- 8
14- 0
14- 5
14-10
15- 2
15- 6
15-10
16- 3
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
10- 4
11-11
13- 4
14- 8
15-10
16-11
17-11
18-11
19-10
20- 8
21- 6
22- 4
23- 1
23-11
24- 7
25- 4
26- 0
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
8-11
10- 4
11- 7
12- 8
13- 8
14- 8
15- 6
16- 4
17- 2
17-11
18- 8
19- 4
20- 0
20- 8
21- 4
21-11
22- 6
23- 1
23- 8
24- 3
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x10
19.2
8- 2
9- 5
10- 7
11- 7
12- 6
13- 4
14- 2
14-11
15- 8
16- 4
17- 0
17- 8
18- 3
18-11
19- 6
20- 0
20- 7
21- 1
21- 8
22- 2
22- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
7- 4
8- 5
9- 5
10- 4
11- 2
11-11
12- 8
13- 4
14- 0
14- 8
15- 3
15-10
16- 4
16-11
17- 5
17-11
18- 5
18-11
19- 4
19-10
20- 3
20- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
12- 7
14- 6
16- 3
17- 9
19- 3
20- 6
21- 9
23- 0
24- 1
25- 2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
10-11
12- 7
14- 1
15- 5
16- 8
17- 9
18-10
19-11
20-10
21- 9
22- 8
23- 6
24- 4
25- 2
25-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x12
19.2
9-11
11- 6
12-10
14- 1
15- 2
16- 3
17- 3
18- 2
19- 0
19-11
20- 8
21- 6
22- 3
23- 0
23- 8
24- 4
25- 0
25- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
8-11
10- 3
11- 6
12- 7
13- 7
14- 6
15- 5
16- 3
17- 0
17- 9
18- 6
19- 3
19-11
20- 6
21- 2
21- 9
22- 5
23- 0
23- 6
24- 1
24- 8
25- 2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E
12.0
0.15
0.23
0.32
0.43
0.54
0.66
0.78
0.92
1.06
1.21
1.36
1.52
1.69
1.86
2.04
2.22
2.41
2.60
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E
16.0
0.13
0.20
0.28
0.37
0.47
0.57
0.68
0.80
0.92
1.05
1.18
1.32
1.46
1.61
1.76
1.92
2.08
2.25
2.42
2.60
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E
19.2
0.12
0.18
0.26
0.34
0.43
0.52
0.62
0.73
0.84
0.95
1.08
1.20
1.33
1.47
1.61
1.75
1.90
2.05
2.21
2.37
2.53
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E
24.0
0.11
0.16
0.23
0.30
0.38
0.46
0.55
0.65
0.75
0.85
0.96
1.08
1.19
1.31
1.44
1.57
1.70
1.84
1.98
2.12
2.27
2.41
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The required modulus of elasticity, E, in 1,000,000 pounds per square inch is shown at the bottom of each table, is limited to 2.6 million psi and less, and is applicable to all lumber sizes shown. Spans are shown in feet-inches and are limited to 26
`
and less. Check sources of supply for availability of lumber in lengths greater than 20
`
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
TABLE R-3
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
RAFTERS WITH L/240 DEFLECTION LIMITATION
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
DESIGN CRITERIA:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Strength - Live Load of 40 psf plus
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Dead Load of 10 psf determines the required bending design value.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Deflection - For 40 psf live load.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Limited to span in inches divided by 240.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Size
Spacing
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
(in)
(in)
Rafter Bending Design Value, F
b
, (psi)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
5- 6
6- 4
7- 1
7- 9
8- 5
9- 0
9- 6
10- 0
10- 6
11- 0
11- 5
11-11
12- 4
12- 8
13- 1
13- 6
13-10
14- 2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
4- 9
5- 6
6- 2
6- 9
7- 3
7- 9
8- 3
8- 8
9- 1
9- 6
9-11
10- 3
10- 8
11- 0
11- 4
11- 8
12- 0
12- 4
12- 7
12-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x 6
19.2
4- 4
5- 0
5- 7
6- 2
6- 8
7- 1
7- 6
7-11
8- 4
8- 8
9- 1
9- 5
9- 9
10- 0
10- 4
10- 8
10-11
11- 3
11- 6
11- 9
12- 0
12- 4
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
3-11
4- 6
5- 0
5- 6
5-11
6- 4
6- 9
7- 1
7- 5
7- 9
8- 1
8- 5
8- 8
9- 0
9- 3
9- 6
9- 9
10- 0
10- 3
10- 6
10- 9
11- 0
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
7- 3
8- 4
9- 4
10- 3
11- 1
11-10
12- 7
13- 3
13-11
14- 6
15- 1
15- 8
16- 3
16- 9
17- 3
17- 9
18- 3
18- 9
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
6- 3
7- 3
8- 1
8-11
9- 7
10- 3
10-10
11- 6
12- 0
12- 7
13- 1
13- 7
14- 0
14- 6
14-11
15- 5
15-10
16- 3
16- 7
17- 0
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x 8
19.2
5- 9
6- 7
7- 5
8- 1
8- 9
9- 4
9-11
10- 6
11- 0
11- 6
11-11
12- 5
12-10
13- 3
13- 8
14- 0
14- 5
14-10
15- 2
15- 6
15-10
16- 3
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
5- 2
5-11
6- 7
7- 3
7-10
8- 4
8-11
9- 4
9-10
10- 3
10- 8
11- 1
11- 6
11-10
12- 2
12- 7
12-11
13- 3
13- 7
13-11
14- 2
14- 6
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
9- 3
10- 8
11-11
13- 1
14- 2
15- 1
16- 0
16-11
17- 9
18- 6
19- 3
20- 0
20- 8
21- 4
22- 0
22- 8
23- 3
23-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
8- 0
9- 3
10- 4
11- 4
12- 3
13- 1
13-10
14- 8
15- 4
16- 0
16- 8
17- 4
17-11
18- 6
19- 1
19- 7
20- 2
20- 8
21- 2
21- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x10
19.2
7- 4
8- 5
9- 5
10- 4
11- 2
11-11
12- 8
13- 4
14- 0
14- 8
15- 3
15-10
16- 4
16-11
17- 5
17-11
18- 5
18-11
19- 4
19-10
20- 3
20- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
6- 6
7- 7
8- 5
9- 3
10- 0
10- 8
11- 4
11-11
12- 6
13- 1
13- 7
14- 2
14- 8
15- 1
15- 7
16- 0
16- 6
16-11
17- 4
17- 9
18- 1
18- 6
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
11- 3
13- 0
14- 6
15-11
17- 2
18- 4
19- 6
20- 6
21- 7
22- 6
23- 5
24- 4
25- 2
26- 0
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
9- 9
11- 3
12- 7
13- 9
14-11
15-11
16-10
17- 9
18- 8
19- 6
20- 3
21- 1
21- 9
22- 6
23- 2
23-10
24- 6
25- 2
25- 9
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x12
19.2
8-11
10- 3
11- 6
12- 7
13- 7
14- 6
15- 5
16- 3
17- 0
17- 9
18- 6
19- 3
19-11
20- 6
21- 2
21- 9
22- 5
23- 0
23- 6
24- 1
24- 8
25- 2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
7-11
9- 2
10- 3
11- 3
12- 2
13- 0
13- 9
14- 6
15- 3
15-11
16- 7
17- 2
17- 9
18- 4
18-11
19- 6
20- 0
20- 6
21- 1
21- 7
22- 0
22- 6
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E
12.0
0.14
0.22
0.31
0.41
0.51
0.63
0.75
0.88
1.01
1.15
1.30
1.45
1.61
1.77
1.94
2.12
2.30
2.48
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E
16.0
0.12
0.19
0.27
0.35
0.44
0.54
0.65
0.76
0.88
1.00
1.12
1.26
1.39
1.54
1.68
1.83
1.99
2.15
2.31
2.48
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E
19.2
0.11
0.18
0.24
0.32
0.41
0.50
0.59
0.69
0.80
0.91
1.03
1.15
1.27
1.40
1.54
1.67
1.81
1.96
2.11
2.26
2.42
2.58
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E
24.0
0.10
0.16
0.22
0.29
0.36
0.44
0.53
0.62
0.71
0.81
0.92
1.03
1.14
1.25
1.37
1.50
1.62
1.75
1.89
2.02
2.16
2.30
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The required modulus of elasticity, E, in 1,000,000 pounds per square inch is shown at the bottom of each table, is limited to 2.6 million psi and less, and is applicable to all lumber sizes shown. Spans are shown in feet-inches and are limited to 26
`
and less. Check sources of supply for availability of lumber in lengths greater than 20
`
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
TABLE R-10
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
RAFTERS WITH L/240 DEFLECTION LIMITATION
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
DESIGN CRITERIA
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Strength - Live Load of 30 psf plus
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Dead Load of 20 psf determines the required bending design value
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Deflection - For 30 psf live load.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Limited to span in inches divided by 240.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Size
Spacing
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
(in)
(in)
Rafter Bending Design Value, F
b
, (psi)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
5- 6
6- 4
7- 1
7- 9
8- 5
9- 0
9- 6
10- 0
10- 6
11- 0
11- 5
11-11
12- 4
12- 8
13- 1
13- 6
13-10
14- 2
14- 7
14-11
15- 3
15- 7
15-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
4- 9
5- 6
6- 2
6- 9
7- 3
7- 9
8- 3
8- 8
9- 1
9- 6
9-11
10- 3
10- 8
11- 0
11- 4
11- 8
12- 0
12- 4
12- 7
12-11
13- 2
13- 6
13- 9
14- 0
14- 3
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x 6
19.2
4- 4
5- 0
5- 7
6- 2
6- 8
7- 1
7- 6
7-11
8- 4
8- 8
9- 1
9- 5
9- 9
10- 0
10- 4
10- 8
10-11
11- 3
11- 6
11- 9
12- 0
12- 4
12- 7
12-10
13- 1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
3-11
4- 6
5- 0
5- 6
5-11
6- 4
6- 9
7- 1
7- 5
7- 9
8- 1
8- 5
8- 8
9- 0
9- 3
9- 6
9- 9
10- 0
10- 3
10- 6
10- 9
11- 0
11- 3
11- 5
11- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
7- 3
8- 4
9- 4
10- 3
11- 1
11-10
12- 7
13- 3
13-11
14- 6
15- 1
15- 8
16- 3
16- 9
17- 3
17- 9
18- 3
18- 9
19- 2
19- 8
20- 1
20- 6
20-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
6- 3
7- 3
8- 1
8-11
9- 7
10- 3
10-10
11- 6
12- 0
12- 7
13- 1
13- 7
14- 0
14- 6
14-11
15- 5
15-10
16- 3
16- 7
17- 0
17- 5
17- 9
18- 1
18- 6
18-10
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x 8
19.2
5- 9
6- 7
7- 5
8- 1
8- 9
9- 4
9-11
10- 6
11- 0
11- 6
11-11
12- 5
12-10
13- 3
13- 8
14- 0
14- 5
14-10
15- 2
15- 6
15-10
16- 3
16- 7
16-10
17- 2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
5- 2
5-11
6- 7
7- 3
7-10
8- 4
8-11
9- 4
9-10
10- 3
10- 8
11- 1
11- 6
11-10
12- 2
12- 7
12-11
13- 3
13- 7
13-11
14- 2
14- 6
14-10
15- 1
15- 5
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
9- 3
10- 8
11-11
13- 1
14- 2
15- 1
16- 0
16-11
17- 9
18- 6
19- 3
20- 0
20- 8
21- 4
22- 0
22- 8
23- 3
23-11
24- 6
25- 1
25- 7
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
8- 0
9- 3
10- 4
11- 4
12- 3
13- 1
13-10
14- 8
15- 4
16- 0
16- 8
17- 4
17-11
18- 6
19- 1
19- 7
20- 2
20- 8
21- 2
21- 8
22- 2
22- 8
23- 1
23- 7
24- 0
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x10
19.2
7- 4
8- 5
9- 5
10- 4
11- 2
11-11
12- 8
13- 4
14- 0
14- 8
15- 3
15-10
16- 4
16-11
17- 5
17-11
18- 5
18-11
19- 4
19-10
20- 3
20- 8
21- 1
21- 6
21-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
6- 6
7- 7
8- 5
9- 3
10- 0
10- 8
11- 4
11-11
12- 6
13- 1
13- 7
14- 2
14- 8
15- 1
15- 7
16- 0
16- 6
16-11
17- 4
17- 9
18- 1
18- 6
18-11
19- 3
19- 7
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
11- 3
13- 0
14- 6
15-11
17- 2
18- 4
19- 6
20- 6
21- 7
22- 6
23- 5
24- 4
25- 2
26- 0
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
9- 9
11- 3
12- 7
13- 9
14-11
15-11
16-10
17- 9
18- 8
19- 6
20- 3
21- 1
21- 9
22- 6
23- 2
23-10
24- 6
25- 2
25- 9
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x12
19.2
8-11
10- 3
11- 6
12- 7
13- 7
14- 6
15- 5
16- 3
17- 0
17- 9
18- 6
19- 3
19-11
20- 6
21- 2
21- 9
22- 5
23- 0
23- 6
24- 1
24- 8
25- 2
25- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
7-11
9- 2
10- 3
11- 3
12- 2
13- 0
13- 9
14- 6
15- 3
15-11
16- 7
17- 2
17- 9
18- 4
18-11
19- 6
20- 0
20- 6
21- 1
21- 7
22- 0
22- 6
23- 0
23- 5
23-10
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E
12.0
0.11
0.17
0.23
0.31
0.38
0.47
0.56
0.66
0.76
0.86
0.97
1.09
1.21
1.33
1.46
1.59
1.72
1.86
2.00
2.14
2.29
2.44
2.60
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E
16.0
0.09
0.14
0.20
0.26
0.33
0.41
0.49
0.57
0.66
0.75
0.84
0.94
1.05
1.15
1.26
1.37
1.49
1.61
1.73
1.86
1.99
2.12
2.25
2.39
2.53
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E
19.2
0.09
0.13
0.18
0.24
0.30
0.37
0.44
0.52
0.60
0.68
0.77
0.86
0.95
1.05
1.15
1.25
1.36
1.47
1.58
1.70
1.81
1.93
2.05
2.18
2.31
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E
24.0
0.08
0.12
0.16
0.22
0.27
0.33
0.40
0.46
0.54
0.61
0.69
0.77
0.85
0.94
1.03
1.12
1.22
1.31
1.41
1.52
1.62
1.73
1.84
1.95
2.06
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The required modulus of elasticity, E, in 1,000,000 pounds per square inch is shown at the bottom of each table, is limited to 2.6 million psi and less, and is applicable to all lumber sizes shown. Spans are shown in feet-inches and are limited to 26
`
and less. Check sources of supply for availability of lumber in lengths greater than 20
`
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
TABLE R-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
RAFTERS WITH L/240 DEFLECTION LIMITATION
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
DESIGN CRITERIA:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Strength - Live Load of 40 psf plus
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Dead Load of 20 psf determines the required bending design value.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Deflection - For 40 psf live load.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Limited to span in inches divided by 240.
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The required modulus of elasticity, E, in 1,000,000 pounds per square inch is shown at the bottom of each table, is limited to 2.6 million psi and less, and is applicable to all lumber sizes shown. Spans are shown in feet-inches and are limited to 26
`
and less. Check sources of supply for availability of lumber in lengths greater than 20
`
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
TABLE R-14
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
RAFTERS WITH L/180 DEFLECTION LIMITATION
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
DESIGN CRITERIA:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Strength - Live Load of 30 psf plus
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Dead Load of 10 psf determines the required bending design value.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Deflection - For 30 psf live load.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Limited to span in inches divided by 180.
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The required modulus of elasticity, E, in 1,000,000 pounds per square inch is shown at the bottom of each table, is limited to 2.6 million psi and less, and is applicable to all lumber sizes shown. Spans are shown in feet-inches and are limited to 26
`
and less. Check sources of supply for availability of lumber in lengths greater than 20
`
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
TABLE R-15
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
RAFTERS WITH L/180 DEFLECTION LIMITATION
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
DESIGN CRITERIA:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Strength - Live Load of 40 psf plus
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Dead Load of 10 psf determines the required bending design value.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Deflection - For 40 psf live load.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Limited to span in inches divided by 180.
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The required modulus of elasticity, E, in 1,000,000 pounds per square inch is shown at the bottom of each table, is limited to 2.6 million psi and less, and is applicable to all lumber sizes shown. Spans are shown in feet-inches and are limited to 26
`
and less. Check sources of supply for availability of lumber in lengths greater than 20
`
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
TABLE R-22
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
RAFTERS WITH L/180 DEFLECTION LIMITATION
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
DESIGN CRITERIA:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Strength - Live Load of 30 psf plus
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Dead Load of 20 psf determines the required bending design value.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Deflection - For 30 psf live load.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Limited to span in inches divided by 180.
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The required modulus of elasticity, E, in 1,000,000 pounds per square inch is shown at the bottom of each table, is limited to 2.6 million psi and less, and is applicable to all lumber sizes shown. Spans are shown in feet-inches and are limited to 26
`
and less. Check sources of supply for availability of lumber in lengths greater than 20
`
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
TABLE R-23
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
RAFTERS WITH L/180 DEFLECTION LIMITATION
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
DESIGN CRITERIA:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Strength - Live Load of 40 psf plus
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Dead Load of 20 psf determines the required bending design value.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Deflection - For 40 psf live load.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Limited to span in inches divided by 180.
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The required modulus of elasticity, E, in 1,000,000 pounds per square inch is shown at the bottom of each table, is limited to 2.6 million psi and less, and is applicable to all lumber sizes shown. Spans are shown in feet-inches and are limited to 26
`
and less. Check sources of supply for availability of lumber in lengths greater than 20
`
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Design Values for Joists and Rafters
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
These "Fb" values are for use where repetitive members are spaced not more than 24 inches. Values for surfaced dry or surfaced green lumber apply at 19% maximum moisture content in use.
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for table
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
321.125 (3) CONTROL STANDARDS
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The following are designs acceptable by the department to achieve compliance with the control standards of acceptable soil loss or percent reduction of sediment load in runoff from a site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Less than one acre disturbance (regardless of the lot or property size).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A. Mandated practices:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1. A method to prevent or reduce soil from leaving a site via entries or roads
.
This may include a tracking pad or tire washing stand designed and installed to meet DNR Standard 1057. Other means of compliance include a gravel mulch, frozen soil, bedrock or some other physical means to prevent soil from leaving the site on vehicle tires which is equivalent to the tracking pad or tire washing stand.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2. Storm water inlet protection. Inlet protection may be accomplished by using DNR Technical Standard, number 1050, "Storm Drain Inlet Protection for Construction Sites". The protection of stormwater inlets in the code is specific to "on-site" inlets; however an off-site inlet may create a direct conduit to a water of the state, which links any inlet that leads to a water of the state to the #3 mandated practice. In that case, special care should be taken to protect both types of inlets from sediment in runoff from a construction site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3. Protection of adjoining waters of the state. The installation of practices is necessary if runoff from the disturbance could impact a water of the state. Practices may include channel erosion mats, silt fences, vegetative buffers or any other practices applicable to the specific site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4. Drainage way protection. Any ditches or drainage ways that flow off-site must be protected with appropriate best management practices (BMPs). This may include but is not limited to ditch checks, channel erosion control mats or riprap.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5. Dewatering activity sediment reduction
.
Any dewatering necessary on the construction site must include measures to reduce the sediment in the water leaving the site. Dewatering BMPs may include filters, fiber rolls or gravel bag berms.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
6. Stockpile protection. Any soil stockpiles which are left more than 7 days must be protected by seeding and mulching, erosion mat, silt fencing, covering or other methods. This does not include fill or topsoil piles that are in active use.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B. In addition to mandated practices, the owner/contractor or designer must choose one or more of the following methods in order to achieve compliance with the standards.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation may be used to determine the amount of soil lost from a site in order to stay below the 5 tons/acre/year for sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay or clay textures or the 7.5 tons/acre/year soil loss for silt, silty clay loam or silt loam textures. The Department-accepted version of an Excel worksheet that is used to calculate the soil loss is available at:
http://dsps.wi.gov/Default.aspx?Page=224e686e-b2b6-44ac-b79d-d8ad3d3cb560
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2. Silt fence may be placed in accordance with the DNR Technical Standard 1056 and remain on the site until the pervious area is stabilized. This practice, in addition to the mandated practices in part "A" is accepted by the Department of Safety and Professional Services as compliant with the 40% reduction in sediment load goal.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3. The site may be seeded and mulched, erosion control mat may be installed or polymers may be applied. The erosion control BMPs must be applied within one week of disturbance. Seeding must be accomplished in accordance with DNR Technical Standard 1059 and mulching with DNR Technical Standard 1058. Erosion control mat must be installed in accordance with DNR Technical Standards 1052 and 1053. Polymer application must be done in accordance with DNR Technical Standard 1051. This method is only acceptable when the maximum slope length is 300 feet and the maximum slope is no more than that specified in Table A-321.125-1 and Table A-321.125-2.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4. Practices may be included in the erosion and sediment control plan for the site that achieve compliance with the 40% reduction in sediment load in the runoff from the site. Table A-321.125-3 lists several erosion and sediment control BMPs and the USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) efficiency rating for that BMP.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5. A unique design may be submitted with the UDC permit application for review.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
When sites are seeded, mulched or otherwise stabilized within one week of disturbance
2
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1
The information in the table is derived from Grant County rainfall information and the use of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation. The slope limitation refers to the maximum slope permitted in order to achieve code compliance for the site specifics in the table. Opening date is the 15th of each month and closing is the 22nd. End date is 60 days past closing date.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2
Stabilization may be accomplished by temporary seeding and mulching, permanent seeding and mulching, application of polymers or placement of erosion control mats. Additionally, the mandated practices specific to the site must be in place.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Table A-321.125-2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Slope Limitations for Permissible Soil Loss with max. 300
`
slope length
1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
When sites are seeded, mulched or otherwise stabilized within 4 weeks of disturbance
2
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1
The information in the table is derived from Grant County rainfall information and the use of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation. The slope limitation refers to the maximum slope permitted in order to achieve code compliance for the site specifics in the table. Opening date is the 15th of each month and closing is the 15th of the following month End date is 60 days past closing date.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2
Stabilization may be accomplished by temporary seeding and mulching, permanent seeding and mulching, application of polymers or placement of erosion control mats. Additionally, the mandated practices specific to the site must be in place.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Erosion and sediment control for construction sites having a land-disturbance area of one acre or more is regulated by the Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Table A-321.125-3
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Erosion/Sediment Control BMP Efficiency
1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1
BMP efficiency is derived from information provided on the Environmental Protection Construction Erosion Control website in August, 2006 and only when the BMP is installed per the listed standard.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2
Standard number refers to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Conservation Practice Standard number.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3
This efficiency measure is provided by the Department of Safety and Professional Services, Industry Services Division.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4
This efficiency measure is provided by the Department of Safety and Professional Services, Industry Services Division, and only for a short duration as described in the standard.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
There are several BMPs that do not have an efficiency assigned by the EPA. These include mandatory controls such as inlet protection, drainage way protection (riprap) and tracking pads. Diversions, both temporary and permanent are also not included in Table A-321.125-2. Diversions impact the erosion on a site by shortening the length of slope in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Following is an example of an erosion and sediment control plan (Figure A-321.125). This plan may be used for reference, however each site is unique and each plan will address the site-specific issues.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Figure A-325.125-1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Figure A-325.125-2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sample Page from Erosion Control Checklist
-
See PDF for table
-
See PDF for table
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
The entire checklist can be found at:
http://dsps.wi.gov/Default.aspx?
Page=224e686e-b2b6-44ac-b79d-d8ad3d3cb560.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Following are reprints of the DNR Erosion Control Technical Standards, also available at
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/runoff/stormwater/techstds.htm
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Channel Erosion Mat
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1053 (8/05)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in XI. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A protective soil cover of straw, wood, coconut fiber or other suitable plant residue, or plastic fibers formed into a mat, usually with a plastic or biodegradable mesh on one or both sides. Erosion mats are rolled products available in many varieties and combination of materials and with varying life spans.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purpose
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The purpose of this practice is to protect the channel from erosion or act as turf reinforcement during and after the establishment of grass or other vegetation in a channel. This practice applies to both
Erosion Control Revegative Mats
(
ECRM
1
) and
Turf-Reinforcement Mats
(
TRM
).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This standard applies where runoff channelizes in intermittent flow and vegetation is to be established. Some products may have limited applicability in projects adjacent to navigable waters.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State, and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of
erosion mat. This standard
does
not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements. To complete the shear calculations, a 2 year, 24 hour storm event shall be used to calculate depth of flows for an ECRM. For sizing a TRM, use the depth of flow corresponding to the maximum design capacity of the channel.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Only mats listed in the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) Erosion Control Product Acceptability List (PAL) will be accepted for use in this standard.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
To differentiate applications WisDOT organizes erosion mats into three classes of mats, which are further broken down into various Types.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Class I: A short-term duration (minimum of 6 months), light duty, organic ECRM with plastic or biodegradable
netting. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. Type A – Only suitable for slope applications, not channel applications. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2. Type B – Double netted product for use in channels where the calculated (design) shear stress is 1.5 lbs/ft 2 or less. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. Class II: A long-term duration (three years or greater), organic ECRM. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. Type A – Jute fiber only for use in channels to reinforce sod. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2. Type B – For use in channels where the calculated (design) shear stress is 2.0 lbs/ft 2 or less. Made with plastic or biodegradable mat. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 3. Type C – A woven mat of 100% organic material for use in channels where the calculated (design) shear stress is 2.0 lbs/ft 2 or less. Applicable for use in environmentally sensitive areas where plastic netting is inappropriate. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 C. Class III: A permanent 100% synthetic ECRM or TRM. Class I, Type B erosion mat or Class II, Type B or C erosion mat must be placed over a soil filled TRM. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. Type A – An ECRM for use in channels where the calculated (design) shear stress of 2.0 lbs/ft 2 or less. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2. Type B – A TRM for use in channels where the calculated (design) shear stress of 2.0 lbs/ft 2 or less. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 3. Type C – A TRM for use in channels where the calculated (design) shear stress of 3.5 lbs/ft 2 or less. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 4. Type D – A TRM for use in channels where the calculated (design) shear stress of 5.0 lbs/ft 2 or less. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 VI. Installation Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A. ECRM shall be installed after all topsoiling, fertilizing, liming, and seeding is complete. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. Erosion mats shall extend for whichever is greater: upslope one-foot minimum vertically from the ditch bottom or 6 inches higher than the design flow depth. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 C. The mat shall be in firm and continuous contact with the soil. It shall be anchored, overlapped, staked and entrenched per the manufacturer's recommendations. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 D. TRM shall be installed in conjunction with the topsoiling operation and shall be followed by ECRM installation. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 E. At time of installation, document the manufacturer and mat type by saving material labels and manufacturer's installation instructions. Retain this documentation until the site is stabilized. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 VII. Considerations Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A. Erosion mats shall be selected so that they last long enough for the grass or other vegetation to become densely established. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. Consider using Class II, Type C mats adjacent to waterways where trapping small animals is to be avoided. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 C. Class III TRM may be appropriate as a replacement for riprap as a channel liner. Check the shear stress criteria for the channel to determine mat applicability. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 D. Once a gully has formed in a channel, it is difficult to stabilize due to loss of soil structure. Even when the gully is filled with topsoil and reseeded, the soil has a tendency to dislodge in the same pattern. If gully formation continues to be a problem the design should be reevaluated, including other mat classes or riprap. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 E. It may be difficult to establish permanent vegetation and adequate erosion protection in a channel with continuous flow. Consider riprap or planting wetland species with an ECRM. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 F. Documentation of materials used, monitoring logs, project diary, and weekly inspection forms including erosion and stormwater management plans, should be provided to the authority charged with long term maintenance of the site. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 G. Channel cross sections may be parabolic, v-shaped or trapezoidal. The use of "V" channels is generally discouraged due to erosion problems experienced. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 H. To help determine the appropriate channel liner, designers can refer to the design matrix in the back of the WisDOT PAL. However, for channels not conforming to the typical section shown in the channel matrix or having a depth of flow greater than 6 inches (150 mm), the designer will need to design for an appropriate channel liner. One way to do this is to use the "tractive force" method presented in FHWA's Hydraulic Engineering Circular (HEC) No. 15. This method requires that the calculated maximum shear stress of a channel is not to exceed the permissible shear stress of the channel liner. To use this method, permissible shear stress values are stated next to each device listed in the channel matrix. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 VIII. Plans and Specifications Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A. Plans and specifications for installing erosion mat shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose. The plans and specifications shall address the following: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. Location of erosion mat Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2. Installation sequence Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 3. Material specification conforming to standard Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include schedule for installation, inspection, and maintenance. The responsible party shall be identified. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 IX. Operation and Maintenance Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A. Erosion mats shall at a minimum be inspected weekly and within 24 hours after every precipitation event that produces 0.5 inches of rain or more during a 24-hour period. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. If there are signs of rilling under the mat, install more staples or more frequent anchoring trenches. If rilling becomes severe enough to prevent establishment of vegetation, remove the section of mat where the damage has occurred. Fill the eroded area with topsoil, compact, reseed and replace the section of mat, trenching and overlapping ends per manufacturer's recommendations. Additional staking is recommended near where rilling was filled. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 C. If the reinforcing plastic netting has separated from the mat, remove the plastic and if necessary replace the mat. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 D. Maintenance shall be completed as soon as possible with consideration to site conditions. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 X. References Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 WisDOT "Erosion Control Product Acceptability List" is available online at http://www.dot.wisconsin.gov/business/engrserv/pal.htm . Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 XI. Definitions Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Channel Erosion: The deepening and widening of a channel due to soil loss caused by flowing water. As rills become larger and flows begin to concentrate, soil detachment occurs primarily as a result of shear. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Erosion Control Revegative Mats (ECRM) (II): Erosion control revegetative mats are designed to be placed on top of soil. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Turf- Reinforcement Mats (TRM) (II): Turf-reinforcement mats are permanent devices constructed from various types of synthetic materials and buried below the surface to help stabilize the soil. TRMs must be used in conjunction with an ECRM or an approved soil stabilizer Type A (as classified in the WisDOT PAL) Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Dewatering Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1061 (4/07) Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Conservation Practice Standard Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Note: Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in X. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 I. Definition Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A compartmented container, settling basin, filter, or other appropriate best management practice through which sediment-laden water is conveyed to trap and retain the sediment. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 II. Purposes Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 The purpose of this standard is to determine appropriate methods and means to remove sediment from water generated during dewatering activities prior to discharging off-site or to waters of the state. Practices identified in this standard shall be deemed to meet the de-watering performance standard to prevent the discharge of sediment to the maximum extent practicable (MEP) as defined in s. NR 151.11 (6) (c) . Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 III. Conditions where Practice Applies Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 This practice applies where sediment laden water needs to be removed for construction or maintenance activities. Dewatering practices shall be in keeping with the effective operating and applicability criteria listed on Figure 2, Dewatering Practice Selection Matrix. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 This practice does not apply to: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Water being discharged directly to groundwater or karst features 1 . Refer to NR140 Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Well dewatering systems. Refer to NR 812 Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 IV. Federal, State, and Local Laws Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of this practice. This may include activities performed under NR 216 and Chapter 30 permits, for water bodies with targeted performance standards per NR 151.004, 303d waterbodies or others. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 V. Criteria Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 This section establishes the minimum allowable limits for design parameters, installation and performance requirements. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Dewatering practices shall be selected based on the predominant soil texture encountered at the dewatering site with consideration given to pumping or flow rates, volumes and device effectiveness. Refer to Figure 1 USDA Soil textural triangle to assist with soil classifications at the site. Figure 2, Dewatering Practice Selection Matrix illustrates acceptable dewatering options and their effective ranges. Practices selected that are not on the matrix must provide an equivalent level of control, with justification provided to the reviewing authority. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A. Site Assessment - A site assessment shall be conducted and documented to determine the physical site characteristics that will affect the placement, design, construction and maintenance of dewatering activities. The site assessment shall identify characteristics such as ground slopes, soil types, soil conditions, bedrock, sinkholes, drainage patterns, runoff constituents, proximity to regulated structures, natural resources, and specific land uses. The site assessment shall include the following: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Sanitary and storm sewer locations Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Potential contamination - Odor or discoloration other than sediment, or an oily sheen on the surface of the sediment laden water. If contamination is present, notify DNR Spills Reporting Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Soil textural class for areas where dewatering will occur. Soil investigation shall extend below grading and trenching activities Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Depth to the seasonally highest water table Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Discharge outfall locations Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Distance and conveyance method to receiving waters Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. General Criteria Applicable To All Dewatering Activities Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. Contact the WDNR when the discharge from a dewatering practice will enter a WDNR listed Exceptional Resource Water (ERW), Outstanding Resource Water (ORW) , or a wetland in an area of special natural resource interest as identified in NR 103. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2. Contact the owner or operator of the municipal separate stormwater system if the discharge is to a municipal storm water conveyance system. The allowable discharge rate shall be limited by the capacity of the system or requirements of the system owner. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 3. When practical, dewatering effluent shall be collected in a pump truck for transport to a treatment facility or discharged directly to a treatment facility. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 4. For surface dewatering, utilize a floating suction hose, or other method, to minimize sediment being sucked off the bottom. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 5. For discharges that will be directed to locations on-site verify that the anticipated volume of water can be fully contained. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 6. The topography and condition of the ground cover between the pump discharge point and potential receiving waters shall be evaluated for potential erosion. Appropriate stabilization measures shall be incorporated to prevent erosion. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 7. When discharge to a karst feature or other direct groundwater connection can not be avoided, the dewatering system must be designed and operated to maintain compliance with the groundwater quality standards contained in applicable regulations, including ch. NR 140 Wis. Adm. Code. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 8. If the discharge directly or indirectly enters a stream, the discharge flow rate shall not exceed 50 percent of the peak flow rate of the 2-year 24-hour storm event. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 C. Geotextile Bags Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. Geotextile bags shall meet the criteria listed in Table 1. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Table 1: Properties for Geotextile Bags - See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Geotextile bags shall be sized according to the particle size being trapped, expected flow or pumping rate (gallons per minute) per square foot of fabric and a 50% clogging factor. The footprint of the bag shall be no smaller than 100 square feet.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Geotextile bags shall be securely attached to the discharge pipe.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Polymers can be used to enhance the efficiency of geotextile bags. If polymer is used, the polymer shall be approved by the WDNR and meet the criteria stipulated in WDNR Conservation Practice Standard 1051, Sediment Control Water Application of Polymers. The polymer supplier or applicator shall provide certifications showing that products have met the performance requirements of Standard 1051. If the manufacturer has not completed the required testing, the project may be used to gain that certification provided it meets the site requirements of Standard 1051. Any such testing will be monitored by DNR or WisDOT, with testing done by a qualified third party.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Gravity Based Settling Systems
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Gravity based systems rely on settling of particles as the primary means of treatment. To effectively accomplish this, quiescent conditions should exist with sufficient detention time. Practices include portable sediment tanks, sediment traps, sediment basins and wet detention basins.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
If polymer is used to enhance settling, the polymer shall be approved by the WDNR and meet the criteria stipulated in WDNR Conservation Practice Standard 1051, Sediment Control Water Application of Polymers. The polymer supplier or applicator shall provide certifications showing that products have met the performance requirements of Standard 1051. If the manufacturer has not completed the required testing, the project may be used to gain that certification provided it meets the site requirements of Standard 1051. Any such testing will be monitored by DNR or WisDOT, with testing done by a qualified third party.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Portable Sediment Tank: These tanks are intended to settle only sands, loamy sands, and sandy loams. If polymer is added, these tanks will also be appropriate for settling loams, silt loams and silts. Portable sediment tanks shall have a minimum of two baffled compartments, and be a minimum of three feet deep. The inlet and outlet pipe shall be a minimum diameter of three inches. Use one of the following methods to size a tank:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
Settling: Account for settling of the suspended sediments with the following equation:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sa = 1.83 * Q;
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
where
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sa = Tank surface area (sq ft)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Q = Pumping rate (gallons per minute)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
1.83 is a factor that includes the conversion from gpm to cfs (1 gpm = 0.0022 cfs) and the particle settling velocity for Soil Class 1 (0.0012 ft/sec) from WDNR Conservation Practice Standard 1064 Sediment Basin.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
b.
Filtration: Build the first chamber as large as possible to aid in settling. Flow capacity shall be determined by the end area of the filter media (fabric) and the flow rate (gallons per minute) per square foot of the finest filter media and a 50% clogging factor.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Sediment Trap or Sediment Basin: This device is a temporary sediment control device. The design, installation, and operation of the sediment trap or basin shall meet the requirements stipulated in WDNR Conservation Practice Standard 1063 Sediment Trap or Standard 1064 Sediment Basin.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Wet Detention Basin: This device is generally a permanent structure designed to address post-construction pollutant reduction requirements. The design, installation, and operation of the wet detention basin shall meet the requirements stipulated in WDNR Conservation Practice Standard 1001 Wet Detention Basin.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
Passive Filtration Systems
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Passive filtration systems rely on filtration as the primary method of removing particles. Sediment removal efficiency will be related to the particle size distribution in the stormwater. Practices include manufactured filters, filter tanks, filter basins, vegetative filters, grass swales, and filtration fabric.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Filter fabric sediment removal efficiency shall be based on the properties specified in Table 1.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Manufactured Filters: Filters shall be sequenced from the largest to the smallest pore opening. Sand media filters are available with automatic backwashing features that can filter to 50
m
m particle size. Screen or bag filters can filter down to 5
m
m. Fiber wound filters can remove particles down to 0.5
m
m.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Filter Tank (portable): Install, operate and maintain according to manufacturer recommendations.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Filter Basin: Install, operate and maintain according to Wisconsin Department of Transportation technical guidance.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Vegetative Filter: Refer to WDNR Conservation Practice Standard 1054 Vegetated Buffer for Construction Sites.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F.
Pressurize Filtration Systems
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Pressurized filtration systems differ from passive systems in that the water flowing through the media is pressurized and the filter media is designed to handle higher flow rates. Practices include portable sand filters, wound cartridge units, membranes and micro-filtration units.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Pressurized filters typically have automatic backwash systems that are triggered by a pre-set pressure drop across the filter. If the backwash water volume is small or substantially more turbid than the stormwater stored in the holding pond or tank, returning backwash water to the pond or tank may be appropriate. However, land application or another means of treatment and disposal may be necessary.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Screen, bag, and fiber filters must be cleaned and/or replaced when they become clogged.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Portable Sand Filter: Install, operate and maintain according to manufacturer recommendations.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Wound Cartridge Units: Secondary filtration of sediments using high efficiency filter cartridges may be necessary to remove fine particles such as clays. Install, operate and maintain according to manufacturer recommendations.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Membranes and Micro-filtration: Install, operate and maintain according to manufacturer recommendations.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
If polymer is used to enhance settling, the polymer shall be approved by the WDNR and meet the criteria stipulated in WDNR Conservation Practice Standard 1051, Sediment Control Water Application of Polymers. The polymer supplier or applicator shall provide certifications showing that products have met the performance requirements of Standard 1051. If the manufacturer has not completed the required testing, the project may be used to gain that certification provided it meets the site requirements of Standard 1051. Any such testing will be monitored by DNR or WisDOT, with testing done by a qualified third party.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
It may be necessary to clean the municipal storm drainage system prior to and after discharging to the system to prevent scouring solids from the drainage system.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Geotextile bags are generally not appropriate when discharging to ORW, ERW, waterbodies supporting cold water communities, trout streams, or to
highly susceptible
and
less susceptible wetlands
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Pressurized filtration systems are the most efficient for removing fine sediments.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Portable sediment tanks may be appropriate when other sediment trapping practices cannot be installed due to lack of space or other reasons.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
Filtration is not an efficient treatment of water with heavy sediment loads. Use a settling tank or sand filter as pretreatment when possible.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F.
It may be necessary to use a combination of dewatering practices to achieve the intended results.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII.
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include the schedule for installation, inspection, and maintenance and shall be kept on-site with the erosion control plan.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Sediment shall be removed from devices to maintain effectiveness. All sediment collected in dewatering devices shall be properly disposed of to prevent discharge to waters of the state.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
The following monitoring shall be conducted. Test results shall be recorded on a daily log kept on site:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Discharge duration and specified pumping rate
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Observed water table at time of dewatering
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
If used, type and amount of chemical used for pH adjustment
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
If used, type and amount of polymer used for treatment
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5.
Maintenance activities
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX.
References
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHTO) Soil Classification System
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
X.
Definitions
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Exceptional Resource Waters
(ERW) (V.B.1): are waters listed in s.
NR 102.11
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Highly susceptible wetland
(VI.B): include the following types: fens, sedge meadows, bogs, low prairies, conifer swamps, shrub swamps, other forested wetlands, fresh wet meadows, shallow marshes, deep marshes and seasonally flooded basins.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Karst feature
(III): are an area or geologic feature subject to bedrock dissolution so that it is likely to provide a conduit to groundwater, and may include caves, enlarged fractures, mine features, exposed bedrock surfaces, sinkholes, springs, seeps or swallets.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Less susceptible wetland
(VI.B): include degraded wetlands dominated by invasive species such as reed canary grass.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW)
(V.B.1): are waters listed in s.
NR 102.10
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Targeted performance standard
(IV): means a performance standard that will apply in a specific area, where additional practices beyond those contained in NR 151 are necessary to meet water quality standards.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Treatment facility
(V.B.3): includes wastewater treatment plants or wet detention basins constructed in accordance with WDNR Conservation Practice Standard 1001 Wet Detention Basin or other approved land application sites.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Figure 1: USDA Soil Textural Triangle
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Ditch Check
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
(Channel)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1062 (3/06)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in X. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A temporary dam constructed across a swale or drainage ditch to reduce the velocity of water flowing in the channel.
Ditch checks
1
can be constructed out of stone, a double row of straw bales or from engineered products found on the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) Erosion Control Product Acceptability List (PAL).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purpose
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The purpose of this practice is to reduce flow velocity and to pond water, thereby reducing active channel erosion and promoting settling of suspended solids behind the ditch check.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This Standard applies where grading activity occurs in areas of channelized flows and a temporary measure is needed to control erosion of the channel until permanent stabilization practices can be applied.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Under no circumstance shall ditch checks be placed in intermittent or perennial stream without permission from WDNR. This Practice may not be substituted for major perimeter trapping measures.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State, and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of ditch checks. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Height
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Installed, the minimum height of ditch checks shall be 10 inches and shall not exceed a maximum height of 16 inches for manufactured or biodegradable materials and 36 inches for stone (or other inorganic materials).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Ditch checks must be installed with the center lower than the sides forming a weir. If this is not done stormwater flows are forced to the edge of the ditch check thus promoting scour, or out of the channel causing excessive erosion.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Stone ditch checks shall have a minimum top width of 2-feet measured in the direction of flow with maximum slopes of 2:1 (2 horizontal to 1 vertical) on the upslope side and 2:1 on the down slope side.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Placement
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
At a minimum install one ditch check for every two feet of drop in the channel.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Ditch checks shall be placed such that the resultant ponding will not cause inconvenience or damage to adjacent areas.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Material Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Stone ditch checks shall be constructed of a well-graded angular stone, a
D
50
of 3 inch or greater, sometimes referred to as breaker run or shot rock.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Ditch checks may be constructed of other approved materials but must be capable of withstanding the flow velocities in the channel. Manufactured products listed in WisDOT's PAL are also acceptable for temporary ditch checks.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Silt fence and single rows of straw bales are ineffective as ditch checks and are not permitted.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Construction - Refer to Figure 1 & 2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Ditch checks shall be utilized during rough grading and shall be removed once the final grading and channel stabilization is applied, unless intended to be part of a permanent stormwater management plan.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Channel erosion mat or other non-erodible materials shall be placed at the base of a ditch check, and extended a minimum of 6 feet, to prevent scour and washing out the toe of the ditch check. DNR Conservation Practice Channel Erosion Mat (1053) contains criteria for the placement of erosion mat in this location.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Chink or seal stone and rock ditch checks to minimize the flow through the ditch check.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
For added stability, the base of a stone or rock ditch check should be keyed into the soil to a depth of 6-inches.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Stone ditch checks may be underlain by a nonwoven geotextile fabric to ease installation and removal. If the geotextile fabric is extended, it can serve purpose specified in section V.D.2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Ditch checks installed in grass lined channels may kill the vegetation if water is ponded for extended periods or excessive siltation occurs. Proper maintenance is required to keep areas above and below the ditch check stabilized.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
The best way to prevent sediment from entering the storm sewer system is to stabilize the disturbed area of the site as quickly as possible, preventing erosion and stopping sediment transport at its source.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
When placing ditch checks in swales adjacent to roadways consider designating a `clear zone' free of obstacles posing a threat to out of control vehicles.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F.
Mowing operations may throw stones from ditch checks causing a potential safety hazard.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII.
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Plans and specifications for installing ditch checks shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose. The plans and specifications shall address the following:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Location and spacing of ditch check
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Schedules and sequence of installation and removal
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Standard drawings and installation details
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Rock gradation
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include schedule for installation, inspection, and maintenance. The responsible party shall be identified.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Ditch checks shall, at a minimum, be inspected weekly and within 24 hours after every precipitation event that produces 0.5 inches of rain or more during a 24 hour period.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Unless incorporated into a permanent stormwater management system, ditch checks shall be removed once the final grading and channel stabilization is applied.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Sediment deposits shall be removed when deposits reach 0.5 the height of the barrier. Removal of sediment may require replacement of stone. Maintenance shall be completed as soon as possible with consideration to site conditions.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX.
References
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
WisDOT "Erosion Control Product Acceptability List" is available online at:
http://www.dot.wisconsin.gov/business/engrserv/pal.htm
. Printed copies are no longer distributed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
X.
Definitions
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D
50
(V.C.1): The particle size for which 50% of the material by weight is smaller than that size.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Ditch Checks
(I) Are commonly referred to as temporary check dams. Stone ditch checks refer to those made out of either stone or rock.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Construction Site Diversion
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1066 (03/06)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in IX. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A
temporary
1
berm or channel constructed across a slope to collect and divert runoff.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purpose
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
To intercept, divert, and safely convey runoff at construction sites in order to divert clean water away from disturbed areas, or redirect sediment laden waters to an appropriate sediment control facility.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
This practice is applicable to construction sites where temporary surface water runoff control or management is needed. Locations and conditions include:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Above disturbed areas, to limit runoff onto the site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Across slopes to reduce slope length.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Below slopes to divert excess runoff to stabilized outlets.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
To divert sediment-laden water to sediment control facilities.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5.
At or near the perimeter of the construction area to keep sediment from leaving the site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
This standard does not pertain to permanent diversions. Refer to appropriate design criteria and local regulations when designing permanent diversions.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State, and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of this practice. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
The diversion shall have stable side slopes and shall not be overtopped during a 2-year frequency, 24-hour duration storm. The minimum berm cross section shall be as follows:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Side slopes of 2:1 (horizontal:vertical) or flatter.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Top width of two feet.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Berm height of 1.5 feet.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Sediment-laden runoff from disturbed areas shall be diverted into a sediment control practice. For typical sediment control practices see WDNR Conservation Practice Standards Sediment Trap (1063) or Sediment Basin (1065) for design criteria.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
When diverting clean water the diversion channel and its outfall shall be immediately
stabilized
for the 2-year frequency, 24-hour duration storm. Build and stabilize clean water diversions before initiating down slope land-disturbing activities.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Diversions shall be protected from damage by construction activities. At all points where diversion berms or channels will be crossed by construction equipment, the diversion shall be stabilized or shaped appropriately. Temporary culverts of adequate capacity may be used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
For diversions that are to serve longer than 30 days, the side slopes including the ridge, and down slope side the diversion shall be stabilized as soon as they are constructed. The diversion channel should be stabilized (i.e. erosion mat) or a larger sediment control practice shall be needed. For diversions serving less than 30 days, the down slope side of the diversion shall be stabilized as soon as constructed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
The channel cross section may be parabolic, v-shaped or trapezoidal. The use of "V" channels is generally discouraged due to potential erosion problems.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Ditch checks may be used to enhance sediment removal. Ditch checks shall be designed in accordance with WDNR Conservation Practice Standard Ditch Check (1062).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
For diversion berms consider designing an emergency overflow section or bypass area to limit damage from storms that exceed the 2-year frequency 24-hour duration storm. The overflow section may be designed as a stabilized weir with riprap protection.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII.
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Plans and specifications for installing diversions shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose. The plans and specifications shall address the following:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Diversion location.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Channel grade or elevations.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Typical cross section.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Channel stabilization if required.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include schedule for installation, inspection, and maintenance. The responsible party shall be identified.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Diversions shall, at a minimum, be inspected weekly and within 24 hours after every precipitation event that produces 0.5 inches of rain or more during a 24-hour period.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Maintenance shall be completed as soon as possible with consideration to site conditions.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Accumulated sediment shall be removed when it reaches one half the height of the diversion berm. Properly dispose of any sediment removed from the diversion.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Diversions shall be removed and the area stabilized according to construction plans.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX.
Definitions
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Temporary
(I): an erosion control measure that is utilized during construction and grading operations prior to final stabilization.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Stabilized
(V.C): means protecting exposed soil from erosion.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Dust Control On Construction Sites Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1068 (03/04) Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Conservation Practice Standard Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 I. Definition Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Dust control includes practices used to reduce or prevent the surface and air transport of dust during construction. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Dust control measures for construction activities include minimization of soil disturbance, applying mulch and establishing vegetation, water spraying, surface roughening, applying polymers, spray-on tackifiers, chlorides, and barriers. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 II. Purpose Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 This practice may be used to: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Reduce wind erosion and dust. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Minimize deposition of dust and wind transported soils into water bodies through runoff or wind action. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Reduce respiratory problems. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Minimize low visibility conditions caused by airborne dust. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 III. Conditions Where Practice Applies Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Dust control measures may be applied at any construction site, but is particularly important for sites with dry exposed soils which may be exposed to wind or vehicular traffic. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 IV. Federal, State, and Local Laws Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Users of this standard shall comply with applicable federal, state and local laws, rules, regulations or permit requirements governing this practice. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 V. Criteria Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A. The implementation of dust control shall limit the area exposed for dust generation. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. Asphalt and petroleum based products cannot be used for dust control. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 C. Mulch and Vegetation - Mulch or seed and mulch may be applied to protect exposed soil from both wind and water erosion. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Refer to WDNR Conservation Practice Standards Mulching for Construction Sites (1058) and Seeding for Construction Site Erosion Control (1059) for criteria. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 D. Water - Water until the surface is wet and repeat as needed. Water shall be applied at rates so that runoff does not occur. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Treated soil surfaces that receive vehicle traffic require a stone tracking pad or tire washing at all point of access. Refer to WDNR Conservation Practice Standard Stone Tracking Pad and Tire Washing (1057) for criteria. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 E. Tillage - A control measure performed with chisel type plows on exposed soils. Tillage shall begin on the windward side of the site. Tillage is only applicable to flat areas. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 F. Polymers - Polymers can be an effective practice for areas that do not receive vehicle traffic. Dry applied polymers must be initially watered for activation to be effective for dust control. Refer to WDNR Conservation Practice Standard Erosion Control Land Application of Polymers (1050) for application criteria. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 G. Tackifiers and Soil Stabilizers Type A - Products must be selected from and installed at rates conforming to the WisDOT Erosion Control PAL. See Section IX for reference. Example products include Latex-based and WDNR, WI Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Temporary Grading Practices For Erosion Control Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 (Surface Roughening and Temporary Ditch Sumps) Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1067 (03/04) Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Conservation Practice Standard Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Note: Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in X. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 I. Definition Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Temporary 1 grading practices used to minimize construction site erosion. These practices include, but are not limited to surface roughening (directional tracking and tillage) and temporary ditch sumps. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 II. Purpose Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 The purpose of these practices are to minimize erosion and sediment transport during grading operations on construction sites. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 III. Conditions Where Practice Applies Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 These practices apply where land disturbing activities occur on construction sites. These practices shall be used in conjunction with other erosion control practices. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 IV. Federal, State, and Local Laws Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing these practices. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 V. Criteria Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 These interim practices may be employed in addition to the approved grading plan to reduce erosion and sediment transport. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A. Surface Roughening - Surface roughening is abrading the soil surface with horizontal ridges and depressions across the slope to reduce runoff velocities. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. Directional Tracking - The process of creating ridges with tracked vehicles on unvegetated slopes. This method is used for short durations on sites actively being grad and shall be used in conjunction with other practices. This practice shall be in place at the end of each workday. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Directional tracking involves driving a tracked vehicle up and down a slope. The tracks create horizontal grooves and ridges. The rough surface slows sheet runoff and helps to prevent rills from forming. (Conversely, if the tracked vehicle is driven along the contour the tracks create vertical grooves and ridges for the water to follow, increasing erosion.) Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2. Tillage - Utilizing conventional tillage equipment to create a series of ridges and furrows on the contour no more than 15 inches apart. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. Temporary Ditch Sump - Temporary ditch sumps are ½ to 5 cubic yard excavations made in a drainageway during earthmoving operations. Their purpose is to slow and pond runoff during the time that drainageways are being graded. Sumps shall be in place prior to anticipated rain events. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Construction involves excavating sumps (holes) in the rough ditch grade, and using the excavated material to form a dike on the downstream side of the sump. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Temporary ditch sumps are not effective perimeter controls. Other sediment control practices shall be utilized prior to channels discharging into public waterways. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 VI. Considerations Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A. Directional tracking may compact the soil, therefore additional seedbed preparation may be required. Refer to WDNR Conservation Practice Standard Seeding for Construction Site Erosion Control (1059) for seedbed preparation and seeding criteria. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. When constructing a temporary ditch sump, compacting the dike provides additional stability. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 C. Consider at a minimum excavating ½ cubic yard per 1% gradient, for every 500 feet of channel when constructing temporary ditch sumps. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 VII. Plans and Specifications Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Due to the interim nature of these practices, and the fact that location determinations are made in the field, they need only be referenced in the erosion control plan narration or general notes. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 VIII. Operation and Maintenance Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 These practices shall be inspected and repaired or reinstalled after every runoff event. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 IX. References Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation. 1992. Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook, Third Edition. Chapter 3 – 3.29 Surface Roughening. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Dane County. 2002. Dane County Erosion Control and Stormwater Manual, First Edition. Appendix Surface Roughening S-16.1. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 X. Definitions Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Temporary (I): An erosion control measure that is utilized during construction site grading activities. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Interim Sediment Control Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Water Application of Polymers Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1051 (11/02) Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Conservation Practice Standard Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Note: Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in IX. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 l. Definition Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 The application of products containing polymers 1 to sediment control structures. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 ll. Purpose Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 The purpose of this practice is to settle out or remove suspended sediment from water within sediment control structures . Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 lll. Conditions Where Practice Applies Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 This practice shall be used with self-contained sediment control structures, on a temporary basis for construction sites, in an emergency for post-construction sites and only continually at sites holding an individual permit, if needed to improve the sediment removal efficiency of the structure. Polymers shall not be directly applied to surface waters of the state . Sediment control structures may be within, or discharge to, surface waters of the state. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 lV. Federal, State and Local Laws Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Water applications of polymer shall comply with all federal, state, and local laws, rules or regulations governing polymers. The operator is responsible for securing required permits. This standard does not contain the text of the federal, state, or local laws governing polymers. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 V. Criteria Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A. Toxicity Criteria Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 If used in accordance with the use restriction, the polymer mixture shall meet an acceptable level of risk such that the product can be used without significant harm to organisms that inhabit or come in contact with the aquatic environment. Every attempt shall be made to eliminate the use of any chemicals known to be environmentally toxic within a polymer mixture. Polymer mixtures shall be non-combustible. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 The manufacturer shall supply toxicity testing data to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) based on the polymer mixture, including any binding or buffering agents, catalyst or any other additives. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. The use of cationic polyacrylamide shall be avoided where there is danger of impacting aquatic organisms because its toxicity to aquatic test species occurs at very low concentrations. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2. Anionic polymer mixtures shall have = .05% free acrylamide monomer by weight as established by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 3. Each manufacturer shall provide to the WDNR toxicity information (including acute and chronic water column toxicity test data) from a certified lab, as defined in ch. NR 149 Wis.Adm.Code, for the polymer mixture. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 This data shall include all raw and statistical data regarding death, sub-lethal observations such as immobility, and any other test observations. Standardized toxicity testing procedures should be used and referenced. A use restriction will be calculated by WDNR using the information in Appendix I. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 4. Users of polymer mixtures shall obtain and follow all Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) requirements, manufacturer's recommendations, and WDNR use restrictions. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. Application Criteria Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. Maximum application rates, per storm event, in pounds per acre-feet shall be the lesser of WDNR's use restriction multiplied by 1.35 or the manufacturer's recommended application rate (1.35 is a conversion factor that is used to change the use restriction from ppm to an application rate in pounds per acre-feet). Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2. Neither the manufacturer's written application rate recommendations, nor the application rate shall exceed the WDNR use restriction. The manufacturer or distributor shall provide for the applicator: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 a. Labels affixed to the polymer mixture containers that indicate the recommended application rate and the maximum application rate based on the use restriction. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 b. A product expiration date for the polymer mixture based on product expiration dates of the polymer. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 c. General written application methods. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 d. Written instructions to provide proper safety, storage, and mixing of their product. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 3. The application method shall provide for uniform distribution of the product in the sediment control structure and shall consist of either: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 a. Passive Applications : Polymers applied by non-mechanically dosing the sediment-laden inflow prior to it entering the impoundment area of the sediment control structure. The manufacturer shall base passive application rates on the dissolution rate and/or the dead storage volume of the sediment control structure. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 or Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 b. Active or Mechanical Applications : Polymer applied by mechanically or hydraulically mixing directly into a sediment control structure. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 4. The applicator of the polymer mixture shall at the time of application, document the following: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Name of applicator Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Application rate in pounds per acre-feet of stormwater runoff Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Date applied Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Product type Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Weather conditions during application Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Method of application Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Copies of this documentation shall be entered into the contractor's monitoring log or a project diary and made available upon request. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 C. Product Approval Criteria Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 The manufacturer shall certify, through independent sampling and test results, that their product performs as per the following requirements. (The product approval process is depicted in flow chart form in Figure 1.) Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. The toxicity information required in section V.A.3. of this standard shall be reviewed by the WDNR and used to generate a written product use restriction for the polymer mixture. Appendix I outlines the information that needs to be submitted as a part of this review, and states where they must be submitted. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2. Polymer mixtures shall achieve = 95% sediment reduction as measured by the standpipe method outlined in Appendix II. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 3. Performance criteria - active and passive applications shall be field tested and submitted separately: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 a. The performance of polymer mixtures shall be verified and field-tested in a body of water that is not discharging directly into the waters of the state. The body of water shall be a minimum of 1/3-acre surface area and an average depth of at least 3 feet. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 b. The total suspended solids prior to the polymer treatment must be tested and verified by an independent testing lab, and must have a minimum value of 800 ppm or equivalent N ephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) and be visibly turbid. The relationship between total suspended solids (TSS) and NTU is site-specific and the derivation of a unique TSS-NTU relationship shall be conducted for each sediment control structure. A minimum of two samples per acre-foot of water shall be taken from random locations within the test site. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 c. Within 48 hours from the initial treatment of the water body, the total suspended solids must have a maximum of 80 ppm, or equivalent NTU. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 d. Testing sites may not be used for subsequent testing for a period of 3 months from the time of initial application. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 e. The Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) shall be notified at least 7 days prior to testing, and WisDOT and/or WDNR staff shall be allowed to monitor any such testing. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 4. The WisDOT Erosion Control Storm Water/Product Acceptability List Committee will review and approve products as per the process set forth in WisDOT's Product Acceptability List (PAL). Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 5. The polymer mixture must be resubmitted if any portion of the mixture is altered subsequent to its approval. Such alterations may include: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 a. The amendment of base polymers and/or any other additives Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 b. The ratios of individual components Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 VI. Considerations Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 The following are additional recommendations, which may enhance the use of, or avoid problems with, the practice. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A When using products in impoundments immediately adjacent to, or within waters of the state, consider using products for which the manufacturer's recommended application rate is considerably lower than the use restriction. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. The applicator should use the least amount of polymer mixture to achieve optimal performance. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 C. Polymer mixtures should be applied in conjunction with other erosion control BMPs and under an erosion and sediment control or stormwater management plan. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 D. Test the pH of the water in the sediment control structure and follow the manufacturer's recommended pH range for their polymer mixture, as pH will impact the effectiveness of polymer mixtures. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 E. Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or any other known environmental toxicants should not be included in the polymer mixture. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 F. Care must be taken to prevent spills of polymer mixtures. Follow the manufacturer's recommended cleanup procedures in the event of a spill. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 G. Inhaling granular polymer may cause choking or difficulty breathing. Persons handling and mixing polymer should use personal protective equipment of a type recommended by the manufacturer. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 H. Polymer mixtures combined with water are very slippery and can pose a safety hazard. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 I. Polymer mixtures should be considered as an aid to removing solids from dredge slurries. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 J. Where polymer mixtures are used with sediment control structures in the stream, such as during bridge construction, the structure should not be removed until the water is clarified. If the resulting sediment floc is more than a half a foot deep it should be excavated or filtered out. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 VII. Specifications Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Erosion and sediment control and stormwater management plans specifying polymer mixtures for sediment control shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 VIII. Operation and Maintenance Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Sediment levels on the bottom of the sediment control structure shall be monitored to measure the loss of storage capacity over time due to enhanced sedimentation by the polymer mixture. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 IX. Definitions Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) (V.A.3) Provide basic information on a material or chemical product intended to help someone work safely with the material. This includes a brief synopsis of the hazards associated with using a material, how to use it safely, and what to do if there is an emergency. The retail distributor and/or manufacturer as per OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200 , must provide MSDS, with the purchase of potentially hazardous products. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) (V.C.3.b) A measure of the amount of light scattered by suspended and dissolved materials in the sample. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Polyacrylamide (V.A.1) A generic term for polymers made up of many repeating units of the monomer acrylamide (a simple organic compound). Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Polymer (I) Polymers are materials that are either natural or synthetic and that have a chain of carbon molecules that are identical, repeating units. Polymers can be positively charged (cationic), negatively charged (anionic) or have no charge (non-ionic). Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Polymer Mixture (V.A) Any reference to polymer mixtures refers to the whole manufactured product, including the polymer and any additives. Additional calcium or lime may be added as a buffering agent without being considered part of the whole manufactured product. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Sediment (II) refers to settleable soil, rock fragments and other solids suspended in runoff. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Sediment control structure (I.) A sediment control structure is an impoundment designed to intercept and detain sediment carried in runoff, prior to the runoff reaching the main channel of a waterway or body of water. Placement of these structures must be outside of the main channel of a waterway and shall not span opposing stream banks in channelized flow. The sediment control structure must provide for dedicated sediment storage to at least a depth of two feet, such that the sediment will not be subject to re-suspension during high velocity flow conditions. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Impoundments may be created by a cofferdam, turbidity barrier, earthen berm, sheet piling, self-contained filtering systems or similar material. Examples include properly maintained construction or post-construction sediment ponds, discharging directly or eventually to a water body. They may also include surface water impoundments that are immediately adjacent to a waterway, whose function is to treat stormwater or dredging material. Another potential application is to isolate localized areas surrounding bridge and culvert construction. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Standardized toxicity testing (V.A.2) Examples of such include, but are not limited to, those outlined in the State of Wisconsin Aquatic Life Toxicity Testing Methods Manual (Fleming, et.al, 1996) or Short-term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Water to Freshwater Organisms (Lewis, et.al, 1994). The WDNR use restriction shall be developed from this data. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Surface Waters of the State (III) "Surface" refers to the sub portion of the waters of the state that discharge at the surface. Waters of the state, as defined by s. 283.01(20) , Wis. Stats means those portions of Lake Michigan and Lake Superior within the boundaries of Wisconsin, all lakes, bays, rivers, streams, springs, ponds, wells, impounding reservoirs, marshes, water courses, drainage systems and other surface water or groundwater, natural or artificial, public or private within the state or under its jurisdiction, except those waters which are entirely confined and retained completely upon the property of the person. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Use Restriction (V.A.2) Identifies the concentration below which a product is not expected to cause acute toxicity in the aquatic environment. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 X. References Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Voluntary Use Of Polymers In DNR Programs (A Field Guide) For copies of this companion document contact Mary Anne Lowndes, Water Resources Engineer Bureau of Watershed Management 101 S. Webster St., Box 7921, Madison, WI 53707-7921 Phone (608) 261-6420 MaryAnne.Lowndes@dnr.state.wi.us Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Fleming, K., P. Hubbard, N. Krause, R. Masnado, D. Piper, W. Repavich, G. Searle, S. Thon, "State of Wisconsin Aquatic Life Toxicity Testing Methods Manual, Edition 1." Bureau of Watershed Management, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, 1996 (WI. PUBL-WW-033-96). Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Lewis, P.A., D.J. Klemm, J.M. Lazorchak, T.J. Norberg-King, W.H. Peltier, and M.A. Heber, "Short-Term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater Organisms, 3rd Edition." Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 1994 (EPA/600/4-91/002). Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Roa-Espinosa, A., Bubenzer, G.D. and Miyashita, E., "Sediment and Runoff Control on Construction Sites Using Four Application Methods of Polyacrylamide Mix." National Conference on Tools for Urban Water Resource Management and Protection, Chicago, pp. 278, February 7-10, 2000. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Roa, A., "Are there Safety Concerns or Environmental Concerns with PAM?" Dane County Land Conservation Department, 1997. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Sojka, R.E. and Lentz, R.D., "A PAM Primer: A brief history of PAM and PAM related issues." Kimberly, ID: USDA-ARS Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Lab, 1996. http://kimberly.ars.usda.gov . Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Wirtz, J, R., "The Pros and Cons of the Use of Anionic Polyacrylamides to Control Erosion and Sedimentation in the Lake Mendota Priority Watershed". University of Wisconsin-Madison, MS Thesis, 2000. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1WisDOT's Product Acceptability List (PAL). State DOT web site: http://www.dot.wisconsin.gov/business/engrserv/pal.htm . Questions regarding product approvals may be sent to: New Products Engineer, WisDOT, Technology Advancement, 3502 Kinsman Blvd., Madison, WI 53704. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 - See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Interim Sediment Control
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Water Application of Polymers
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
APPENDIX I
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
REQUIRED TOXICITY INFORMATION FOR WDNR REVIEW
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Toxicity information shall be reviewed by the WDNR and will be used to generate a written product use restriction for the polymer. With Chapter 1.7 of the
Whole Effluent Toxicity Program Guidance Document
(Fleming et. al., 2000) as a basis, the following toxicological information/data is required:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
Manufacturer of the polymer.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
b.
Chemical name of the polymer.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
c.
Active Ingredient(s) (if not proprietary information).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
d.
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) #(s) of the polymer and/or active ingredients.
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e.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and/or official toxicity test results listing available aquatic life toxicity data for the WHOLE PRODUCT. Toxicity data for active ingredients is not acceptable for use in calculating a use restriction. The following types of data is acceptable:
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
LC
50
= the estimated concentration of polymer that would cause 50% mortality to the test population following the given time period
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
EC
50
= the estimated concentration of polymer that would cause a given effect in 50% of the test population following a given time period
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IC
25
= the estimated concentration of polymer that would cause a 25% reduction in some biological measurement of the test population following a given time period
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Note:
To calculate a use restriction it is necessary to have data from at least one of the cladoceran species and at least one of the fish species (according to s.
NR 106.10 (1)
).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
Complete listing of toxicity test conditions. Examples to follow include Tables 11 – 14 in Weber (1993).
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b.
Standardized test methodology (name of a specific method & its reference may be listed for this, such as "Acute Toxicity Test Procedures for
Daphnia magna
" in Weber (1993). If a modification to a standardized method was used, provide the reference of the specific method along with a specific listing of and reasons for the modifications).
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c.
Any noted observations from the toxicity tests.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Toxicity test results shall be submitted to: Water Quality Standards Section, WDNR, 101 South Webster Street, P.O. Box 7921, Madison, WI 53707, as one prequalification for field testing.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
References:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Weber, C. 1993.
Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms, 4
th
Edition
. Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. EPA/600/4-90/027F.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Fleming, K., S. Geis, E. Korthals, R. Masnado, G. Searle. 2000.
Whole Effluent Toxicity Program Guidance Document, Revision #3
. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Chapter 1.7.
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Interim Sediment Control
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Water Application of Polymers
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
APPENDIX II
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LABORATORY STANDPIPE TEST METHODOLOGY
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1.
Place 40 grams of oven dried "soil" in 2 liters of distilled water within a 2 liter graduated cylinder with stopper. The 40 grams of "soil" represents a "realistic" runoff suspended solids load of 20,000 mg/L (20,000 mg/L x 2 L) according to data collected from commercial and residential construction sites (Owens, et. al. 2000). Repeat a minimum of four times so that there are a minimum of five replicates. The "soil" used in the standpipe test may be characterized by one of the following three options:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Clays
A clay "soil" is characterized as having greater than 20% of its particles < 2
m
m in size. This option is appropriate for those seeking approval* of a polymer for use in any soil condition (clay, silt, or other).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Silts
A silt "soil" is characterized as having less than 20% of its particles < 2
m
m in size AND greater than 20% of its particles 2-25
m
m in size. This option is appropriate for those seeking approval* of a polymer for use only in silt soils. The 2-25
m
m size is representative of fine to medium silt soils.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Site-Specific
Use of a site-specific "soil" provides an alternative for those seeking approval* of a polymer that may be customized for optimum performance (in both terms of suspended sediment removal and amount of polymer used) at a particular site. The results of a mechanical soil analysis characterizing the site soil sample particle size composition must be provided. The results of this analysis should be submitted with the results of the standpipe test entered on the "Standpipe Test Data Sheet." This option is provided since each site will have at least slight differences, if not significant differences, in soil chemical and physical characteristics. These differences may influence the effectiveness of any given polymer.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Indicate which "soil" type is used in the standpipe test on the data sheet under "
v
Soil Type Used."
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*
Note that final approval of a polymer is granted only after it is demonstrated through both the standpipe and field tests that the polymer is effective and can be effectively applied.
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2.
Mix the solutions by completely inverting each graduated cylinder 3 times.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Add polymer mixture to each graduated cylinder. The volume and concentration of polymer added is the manufacturer's or supplier's choice, but must include a set volume and a gradient of "low" to "high" concentrations. The volume and each polymer concentration must be recorded on the data sheet. The purpose is to determine the lowest polymer mixture concentration needed to achieve effective removal of suspended solids. Ultimately the least amount of polymer mixture needed to achieve optimal performance should be used in the field.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A minimum gradient of five polymer mixture concentrations is used to achieve the above stated purpose. The purpose of the five concentration gradient is to attempt to pinpoint the concentration that achieves optimal removal of suspended solids (i.e. least amount of polymer mixture required to remove a minimum of 95% of the suspended solids). This gradient should be sufficiently wide to show a range of effectiveness in removing suspended solids (with at least one, but preferably more, meeting the 95% removal level). A second goal of using a minimum of five concentrations is to avoid the occurrence of false negative outcomes in the polymer approval process. By having more concentrations across a gradient it is more likely to find truly effective concentrations that are less than the use restriction value. As is graphically depicted in Figure I, a polymer mixture will not be approved for field testing, and thus for inclusion on the PAL if its effective concentration (as determined in this laboratory stand pipe test) is greater than the use restriction value.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Mix the solutions by completely inverting each graduated cylinder 3 times.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5.
Let the solution in each graduated cylinder settle for 5 minutes.
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6.
Determine the percent suspended solids reduction in each graduated cylinder as follows:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
Heat/dry one evaporating or drying dish at 103 – 105
°
C for 1 hour for each graduated cylinder. Store the dishes in a desiccator until needed (steps b).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
b.
Weigh a dish out to at least one, and preferably more decimal points. Record this weight on the data sheet.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
c.
Collect 20 ml from within one of the graduated cylinders at the 1 liter mark and place in a preweighed evaporating or drying dish (from step a). Repeat steps b and c for each of the other graduated cylinders.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
d.
Evaporate and dry each of the 20 ml samples from step b at 98
°
C for at least 1 hour.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
e.
Cool each dish with sample in a desiccator to balance temperature
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
f.
Weigh each dish with sample. Record this weight on the data sheet.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
g.
Subtract the weight of the dried dish (from step b) to determine the weight of the solids from the sample. Record this weight on the data sheet.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
* These methods follow, with slight modification, those of Standard Methods 2540 B. (1989).
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7.
The polymer passes this effectiveness test if it achieves
=
95 % reduction of suspended solids. Thus,
=
95 % reduction is achieved if the weight of the solids from the sample is
=
0.2 mg.
-
See PDF for table
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
8.
A photocopy of the completed data sheet should be sent to the following address for WisDOT review:
New Products Engineer, WisDOT, Technology Advancement, 3502 Kinsman Blvd., Madison, WI 53704. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 References: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Owens, D.W., P. Jopke, D.W. Hall, J. Balousek, and A. Roa. 2000. Soil erosion from two small construction sites, Dane County, Wisconsin . U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-109-00, 4 p. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Standard Methods Committee. 1989. 2540 Solids. In L.S. Clesceri, A. E. Greenberg, and R.R. Trussell, eds., Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 17 th Edition . American Public Health Association, Washington, DC. pp. 2-72 - 2-73. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Interim Sediment Control Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Water Application of Polymers Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 STANDPIPE TEST DATA SHEET Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Date(s): ___________________ Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Testing Laboratory: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Analyst(s) Initials: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Polymer Name: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Manufacturer Name: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Volume of Polymer Mixture Used: - See PDF for table
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Which polymer mixture concentration(s) achieved effective (
=
95%) reduction of suspended solids (i.e. final weight
=
0.2 mg solids)?
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______________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Notes/Comments:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Please send a photocopy of this completed data sheet to:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
New Products Engineer, WisDOT, Technology Advancement, 3502 Kinsman B
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Erosion Control
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Land Application of Anionic Polyacrylamide
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1050 (07/01)
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Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
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I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The land application of products containing watersoluble anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) as temporary soil binding agents to reduce erosion.
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II.
Purpose
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The purpose of this practice is to reduce erosion from wind and water on construction sites and agricultural lands.
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III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
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This practice is intended for direct soil surface application to sites where the timely establishment of vegetation may not be feasible or where vegetative cover is absent or inadequate. Such areas may include agricultural lands where plant residues are inadequate to protect the soil surface and construction sites where land disturbing activities or winter shutdown prevent establishment or maintenance of a cover crop. This practice is not intended for application to surface waters of the state as defined by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) ch.
NR 102
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Anionic PAM application shall comply with all federal, state, and local laws, rules or regulations governing anionic PAM. The operator is responsible for securing required permits. This standard does not contain the text of the federal, state, or local laws governing anionic PAM.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Toxicity Criteria. Anionic PAM mixtures shall be environmentally benign, harmless to fish, aquatic organisms, wildlife, and plants. Anionic PAM mixtures shall be non-combustible.
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1.
Cationic PAM shall not be used at any level because its toxicity to aquatic test species occurs at very low concentrations.
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2.
Anionic PAM mixtures shall have _ .05% free acrylamide monomer by weight as established by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
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3.
Each manufacturer or supplier shall provide to the WDNR acute toxicity test data from a certified lab, as defined in ch.
NR149
Wis. Adm. Code, for their anionic PAM mixture. Procedures specified in the "State of Wisconsin Aquatic Life Toxicity Testing Methods Manual", WDNR, as referenced in s.
NR 219.04
, Wis. Adm. Code shall be used. The WDNR use restriction shall be developed from this data.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Users of anionic PAM mixtures shall obtain and follow all Material Safety Data Sheet requirements, manufacturer recommendations, and WDNR use restrictions.
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B.
Application Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
The manufacturer or supplier shall provide a product expiration date for anionic PAM mixtures based on product expiration date of PAM in pure form. The manufacturer or supplier shall provide general written application methods, based on site conditions, such as slope and soil type.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Application rates shall not exceed manufacturer's written application rate recommendations that shall not exceed the WDNR use restrictions.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Maximum application rates, in parts per million (ppm or mg/L or mg/kg), shall be determined by multiplying 1.4 by the number of pounds applied per acre. This number shall be less than or equal to the WDNR use restriction. Higher concentrations of anionic PAM mixtures may actually decrease effectiveness. Repeated applications of anionic PAM mixtures may be applied, if necessary, to ensure adequate effectiveness.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
The application method shall provide uniform coverage to the target area and avoid drift to non-target areas.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5.
The manufacturer or supplier shall provide written instructions to insure proper safety, storage, and mixing of their product.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
6.
Anionic PAM mixtures shall be used in conjunction with other Best Management Practices (BMPs).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
7.
When used on bare soil, without seed or mulch, anionic PAM mixtures shall be used on slopes 2.5:1 or flatter.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
8.
Anionic PAM mixtures shall not be applied to channel bottoms.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
9.
The applicator of anionic PAM mixture shall document, at the time of application, the following: name of applicator, application rate per acre, date applied, product type, weather conditions during application, and method of application. Copies of this documentation shall be entered into the contractor's monitoring log or project diary and made available upon request.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
10.
Unused liquid anionic PAM mixtures shall be minimized. Excess material shall not be applied at a rate greater than the maximum application rate. Disposal shall not occur in stormwater conveyance systems (ie. Storm sewer manholes, storm sewer inlets, ditches, and culverts).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Product Approval Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Toxicity test results shall be reviewed by the WDNR and shall receive a written product use restriction. Toxicity test results shall be submitted to: Water Quality Standards Section, WDNR, 101 South Webster St., P.O. Box 7921, Madison, WI 53707, as a pre-qualification for field testing.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Anionic PAM mixtures shall achieve _ 80% reduction in soil loss as measured by a 1 hour storm duration 2"/hour rainfall simulator test performed in accordance with methods used by Bubenzer and Patterson (1982) as a prequalification for field testing.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Performance of anionic PAM mixtures shall be verified and field-tested by the WisDOT or other WisDOT-designated facility.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
The Wisconsin Department of Transportation, Erosion Control Storm Water – Product Acceptability List Committee (ECSW), will review and approve products as per the process set forth in WisDOT's PAL.
Only products approved for use in Wisconsin may be used.
Copies of the PAL are available off the State DOT web site:
http://www.dot.state.wi.us
. Questions may be sent to: New Products Engineer, WisDOT, Technology Advancement, 3502 Kinsman Blvd., Madison, WI 53704.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The following are additional recommendations, which may enhance the use of, or avoid problems with the practice.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Adding seed to the anionic PAM mixture may provide additional erosion protection beyond the life of the anionic PAM.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Mulching is typically needed to protect the seed from the effects of wind and sun. Seed germination is not enhanced or impeded by the anionic PAM mixture.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Using a minimum 30 ft setback when applying anionic PAM mixture near surface waters of the state is recommended.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Applying anionic PAM mixture to soil may provide benefits of improved water quality, infiltration, soil fertility, and visibility by reducing wind and water erosion.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
For erosion control, the anionic PAM mixture may be applied upgradient of lands planted in food crops.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F.
Application of anionic PAM mixture may be particularly effective in the following situations:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
During rough grading operations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
Phased construction projects
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
Stockpiles
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
After final grading and before paving or final seeding and planting
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
Sites having a winter shutdown
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
Agricultural lands where plant residues are inadequate
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
Sites receiving final landscaping, but where adequate vegetation cannot be established prior to winter.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
G.
Application of anionic PAM mixture may not be as effective in the following situations:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
When the soil surface is pure sand or gravel with no fines.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
When applied over snow cover.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
H.
Visible tracer or colorant to visually track application is recommended.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Anionic PAM mixtures may be applied in liquid and granular forms.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
J.
Application rates of anionic PAM mixtures may need to be adjusted based on soil type, slope, and type of erosion targeted (ie. wind or water). Based on manufacturer's recommendations, higher application rates may be necessary when applied in granular form.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
K.
Anionic PAM mixtures combined with water are very slippery and can be a safety hazard. Care must be taken to prevent spills of anionic PAM mixtures onto paved surfaces. During an application of anionic PAM mixture, prevent over-spray from reaching pavement, as pavement will become slippery.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
L.
Care should be taken when applying anionic PAM mixtures in liquid form on saturated slopes due to the possibility of slope structural failure. Anionic PAM mixtures may be applied to steeper slopes when used with other erosion control BMPs such as seed and mulch or erosion mat.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII.
Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Erosion control and stormwater plans specifying anionic PAM mixtures for erosion control shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Maintenance will consist of reapplying anionic PAM mixtures to disturbed areas, including high use traffic areas, which interfere in the performance of this practice. Anionic PAM mixture may lose its effectiveness in as little as two months due to weather conditions. Anionic PAM mixtures should be reapplied in areas where wind or rill erosion is apparent and whenever an area has been graded, driven upon, or otherwise disturbed since the anionic PAM mixture was last applied.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX.
References
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Bubenzer, G.D., and Patterson, A.E.,
Intake Rate: Sprinkler Infiltrometer,
Method of Soil Analysis, Part 1 Physical and Mineralogical Method, Second Edition, Chapter
33
, pp. 845-870. (Agronomy Monograph Series #9, 1982).
Managing Irrigation-Induced Erosion And Infiltration With Polyacrylamide, Proceedings From First Conference,
University of Idaho Miscellaneous Publication No. 101-96, (Kimberly, Idaho, USDA-ARS Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Lab, 1996).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Roa-Espinosa, A., Bubenzer, G.D. and Miyashita, E., Sediment and Runoff Control on Construction Sites Using Four Application Methods of Polyacrylamide Mix, National Conference on Tools for Urban Water Resource Management and Protection, Chicago, February 7-10, 2000, pp. 278- (EPA, 2000).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Roa-Espinosa, A., Bubenzer, G.D. and Miyashita, E.,
Determination of PAM Use in Erosion Control on Construction Sites,
1
st
Inter-Regional Conference on Environment-Water: Innovative Issues in Irrigation and Drainage, Lisbon, Portugal, September 1998 (Portuguese National Committee of ICID, 1998).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Roa- Espinosa, A.,
Are there Safety Concerns or Environmental Concerns with PAM?
(Dane County Land Conservation Department, 1997).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sojka, R.E. and Lentz, R.D., "A PAM Primer: A brief history of PAM and PAM related issues,"
http://kimberly.ars.usda.gov
, (Kimberly, ID: USDA-ARS Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Lab, 1996).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1Wisconsin Administration Code (Wis.Adm.Code), Legislative Reference Bureau, Section
35.84
of the statutes (available online:
http://legis.wisconsin.gov/rsb/code.htm
).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Special recognition goes to Steve Decker
of Construction Fabrics & Materials Corp. (CFM). Steve was invaluable during the development of this technical standard because of his extensive field experience, his personal commitment to funding the research for toxicity testing, his vision and his steadfast determination to find an environmentally safe and effective erosion control product.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Mulching For
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Construction Sites
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1058 (06/03)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in X. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Mulching is the application of organic material to the soil surface to protect it from raindrop impact and overland flow. Mulch covers the soil and absorbs the erosive impact of rainfall and reduces the flow velocity of runoff.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purpose
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This practice may be used to:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
Reduce soil erosion
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
Aid in seed germination and establishment of plant cover
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
Conserve soil moisture
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This practice may be applied on exposed soils as a temporary control where soil grading or landscaping has taken place or in conjunction with temporary or permanent seeding. Mulching is generally not appropriate in areas of concentrated flow.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State, and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall comply with applicable federal, state and local laws, rules, regulations or permit requirements governing mulching. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Site Preparation:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Soil surface shall be prepared prior to the application of mulch in order to achieve the desired purpose and to ensure optimum contact between soil and mulch. All areas to be mulched shall be reasonably free of rills and gullies.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Materials:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Mulch shall consist of natural biodegradable material such as plant residue (including but not limited to straw, hay, wood chips, bark and wood cellulose fiber), or other equivalent materials of sufficient dimension (depth or thickness) and durability to achieve the intended effect for the required time period.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Mulch shall be environmentally harmless to wildlife and plants. Materials such as gravel, plastic, fabric, sawdust, municipal solid waste,
solid waste byproducts
1
, shredded paper, and non-biodegradable products shall not be used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Mulch shall be free of diseased plant residue (i.e. oak wilt),
noxious weed
seeds, harmful chemical residues, heavy metals, hydrocarbons and other known environmental toxicants.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Marsh hay shall not be used as mulch in lowland areas but may be used on upland sites to prevent the spread of invasive, non-native species (i.e. reed canary grass) commonly found in marsh hay.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Straw and hay mulch that will be crimped shall have a minimum fiber length of 6 inches.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wood chips or wood bark shall only be used for sites that are not seeded.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Application Rate:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Mulch shall cover a minimum of 80% of the soil surface for unseeded areas. For seeded areas, mulch shall be placed loose and open enough to allow some sunlight to penetrate and air to circulate but still cover a minimum of 70% of the soil surface.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Mulch shall be applied at a uniform rate of 1
½
to 2 tons per acre for sites that are seeded, and 2 to 3 tons per acre for sites that are not seeded. This application results in a layer of
½
to 1
½
inches thick for seeded sites, and 1
½
to 3 inches thick for sites not seeded.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Wood chips or wood bark shall be applied at a rate of 6 to 9 tons per acre to achieve a minimum of 80% ground cover. This application should result in a layer of wood chips or wood bark
½
to 1
½
inches thick.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Mulch Anchoring Methods
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Anchoring of mulch shall be based on the type of mulch applied, site conditions, and accomplished by one of the following techniques:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Crimping
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Immediately after spreading, the mulch shall be anchored by a mulch crimper or equivalent device consisting of a series of dull flat discs with notched edges spaced approximately 8 inches apart. The mulch shall be impressed in the soil to a depth of 1 to 3 inches.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Polypropylene Plastic, or Biodegradable Netting
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Apply plastic netting over mulch application and staple according to manufacturer's recommendations.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Tackifier
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Tackifier shall be sprayed in conjunction with mulch or immediately after the mulch has been placed. Tackifiers must be selected from those that meet the WisDOT Erosion Control Product Acceptability List (PAL). Asphalt based products shall not be applied.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The tackifiers shall be applied at the following minimum application rates per acre:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
Latex-Base: mix 15 gallons of adhesive (or the manufacturer's recommended rate which ever is greater) and a minimum of 250 pounds of recycled newsprint (pulp) as a tracer with 375 gallons of water.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
b.
Guar Gum: mix 50 pounds of dry adhesive (or the manufacturer's recommended rate which ever is greater) and a minimum of 250 pounds of recycled newsprint (pulp) as tracer with 1,300 gallons of water.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
c.
Other Tackifiers: (Hydrophilic Polymers) mix 100 pounds of dry adhesive (or the manufacturer's recommended rate which ever is greater) and a minimum of 250 pounds of recycled newsprint (pulp) as a tracer with 1,300 gallons of water.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Wood products typically absorb available soil nitrogen as they degrade, thus making it unavailable for seed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
The use of mulch behind curb and gutter may not be desirable unless anchored by netting, because air turbulence from nearby traffic can displace the mulch. Consider the use of erosion mat or sod as an alternative.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
In areas where lawn type turf will be established, the use of tackifiers is the preferred anchoring method. Crimping will tend to leave an uneven surface and plastic netting can become displaced and entangled in mowing equipment.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
A heavier application of mulch may be desired to prevent seedlings from being damaged by frost.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
It may be beneficial to apply polyacrylimide in addition to mulch. Refer to WDNR Conservation Practice Standard (1050) Erosion Control Land Application of Anionic Polyacrylamide for information about the advantages and proper use of polymers.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F.
Concentrated flows above the site where mulch is applied should be diverted.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
G.
Mulch should be placed within 24 hours of seeding.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
H.
Mulching operations should not be performed during periods of excessively high winds that would preclude the proper placement of mulch.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Materials such as gravel may be effective for erosion control but are not considered mulches.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII.
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Plans and specifications for mulching shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose. The plans and specifications shall address the following:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Type of mulch used
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Application rate
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Timing of application
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Method of anchoring
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include schedules for installation, inspection, and maintenance. The responsible party shall be identified.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Mulch shall, at a minimum, be inspected weekly and within 24 hours after every precipitation event that produces 0.5 inches of rain or more during a 24 hour period.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Mulch that is displaced shall be reapplied and properly anchored. Maintenance shall be completed as soon as possible with consideration to site conditions.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX.
References
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1WisDOT's Erosion Control Product Acceptability List (PAL) can be found on the WisDOT web site:
http://www.dot.wisconsin.gov/business/engrserv/pal.htm
.
Printed copies are no longer being distributed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
X.
Definitions
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Noxious weed
(V.B): Any weed a governing body declares to be noxious within its respective boundaries. The State of Wisconsin list of noxious weeds can be found in s.
66.0407
, Stats.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Solid Waste Byproducts
(V.B): Includes industrial, commercial, residential, and agricultural wastes that have been processed, incinerated, or composted and still contain inorganic wastes such as glass and metals and organic wastes including plastics, textiles, rubber, leather, and other miscellaneous organic wastes which may be toxic or hazardous in nature.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Non-Channel Erosion Mat
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1052 (08/03)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in X. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A protective soil cover made of straw, wood, coconut fiber or other suitable plant residue, or plastic fibers formed into a mat, usually with a plastic or biodegradable mesh on one or both sides. Erosion mats are rolled products available in many varieties and combinations of material and with varying life spans.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purpose
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The purpose of this practice is to protect the soil surface from the erosive effect of rainfall and prevent
sheet erosion
1
during the establishment of grass or other vegetation, and to reduce soil moisture loss due to evaporation. This practice applies to both
Erosion Control Revegetative Mats (ECRM
) and
Turf-Reinforcement Mats
(
TRM
).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This standard applies to erosion mat selection for use on erodible slopes.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This standard is not for channel erosion; for channel applications reference WDNR Conservation Practice Standard (1053) Channel Erosion Mat.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State, and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of erosion mat. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This section establishes the minimum allowable standards for design, installation and performance requirements. Only Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) Erosion Control Product Acceptability List (PAL) approved mats will be accepted for use in this standard.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Slope and slope length shall be taken into consideration. This information can be found in the Slope Erosion Control Matrix located in the PAL.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
To differentiate applications Erosion mats are organized into three Classes of mats, which are further broken down into various Types.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Class I: A short-term duration (minimum of 6 months), light duty, organic mat with photodegradable plastic or biodegradable netting.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Type A
– Use on erodible slopes 2.5:1 or flatter.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Type B – Double netted product for use on erodible slopes 2:1 or flatter.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Class I, Urban: A short-term duration (minimum of 6 months), light duty, organic erosion control mat for areas where mowing may be accomplished within two weeks after installation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Urban, Type
A – Use on erodible soils with slopes 4:1 or flatter.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Urban, Type B – A double netted product for use on slopes 2.5:1 or flatter.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Class II: A long-term duration (three years or greater), organic erosion control revegetative mat.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Type A – Jute fiber only for use on slopes 2:1 or flatter for sod reinforcement.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Type B – For use on slopes 2:1 or greater made with plastic or biodegradable net.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Type C – A woven mat of 100% organic fibers for use on slopes 2:1 or flatter and in environmentally and biologically sensitive areas where plastic netting is inappropriate.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Class III: A permanent 100% synthetic ECRM or TRM. Either a soil stabilizer Type A or Class I, Type A or B erosion mat must be placed over the soil filled TRM.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Type A – An ECRM for use on slopes 2:1 or flatter.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Type B or C – A TRM for use on slopes 2:1 or flatter.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Type D – A TRM for use on slopes 1:1 or flatter.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
Material Selection
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
For mats that utilize netting, the netting shall be bonded to the parent material to prevent separation of the net for the life of the product.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
For urban class mats the following material requirements shall be adhered to:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
Only 100% organic biodegradable netted products are allowed, including parent material, stitching, and netting.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
b.
The netting shall be stitched with biodegradable thread/yarn to prevent separation of the net from parent material.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
c.
All materials and additive components used to manufacture the anchoring devices shall be completely biodegradable as determined by ASTM D 5338.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
d.
Mats with photodegradable netting shall not be installed after September 1
st
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F.
Installation
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
ECRMs shall be installed after all topsoiling, fertilizing, liming and seeding is complete.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
The mat shall be in firm and intimate contact with the soil. It shall be installed and anchored per the manufacturer's recommendation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
TRM shall be installed in conjunction with the topsoiling operation and shall be followed by ECRM installation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
At time of installation, document the manufacturer and mat type by retention of material labels and manufacturer's installation instructions. Retain this documentation until the site has been stabilized.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Urban mats may be used in lieu of sod.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Documentation of materials used, monitoring logs, project diary and weekly inspection forms, including erosion and stormwater management plans, should be turned over to the authority charged with long term maintenance of the site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII.
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Plans and specifications for installing erosion mat shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose. The plans and specifications shall address the following:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Location of erosion mat
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Installation Sequence
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Material specification conforming to standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include schedule for installation, inspection, and maintenance. The responsible party shall be identified.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Erosion mat shall at a minimum be inspected weekly and within 24 hours after every precipitation event that produces 0.5 inches of rain or more during a 24-hour period.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
If there are signs of rilling under the mat, install more staples or more frequent anchoring trenches. If rilling becomes severe enough to prevent establishment of vegetation, remove the section of mat where the damage has occurred. Fill the eroded area with topsoil, compact, reseed and replace the section of mat, trenching and overlapping ends per manufacturer's recommendations. Additional staking is recommended near where rilling was filled.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
If the reinforcing plastic netting has separated from the mat, remove the plastic and if necessary replace the mat.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Maintenance shall be completed as soon as possible with consideration to site conditions.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX.
References
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
WisDOT "Erosion Control Product Acceptability List" is available online at
http://www.dot.wisconsin.gov/business/engrserv/pal.htm
. Printed copies are no longer distributed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
X.
Definitions
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sheet and Rill Erosion (II)
: Sheet and rill erosion is the removal of soil by the action of rainfall and shallow overland runoff. It is the first stage in water erosion. As flow becomes more concentrated rills occur. As soil detachment continues or flow increases,
rills
will become wider and deeper forming gullies.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Erosion Control Revegetative Mats (ECRM) (II)
: Erosion control revegetative mats are designed to be placed on the soil surface.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Turf-Reinforcement Mats (TRM) (II)
: Turf-reinforcement mats are permanent devices constructed from various types of synthetic materials and buried below the surface to help stabilize the soil. TRMs must be used in conjunction with an ECRM or an approved Type A soil stabilizer.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sediment Bale Barrier
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
(Non-Channel)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1055 (08/03)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in IX. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A temporary sediment barrier consisting of a row of entrenched and anchored straw bales, hay bales or equivalent material used to intercept sediment-laden sheet flow from small drainage areas of disturbed soil.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purpose
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The purpose of this practice is to reduce slope length of the disturbed area and to intercept and retain transported sediment from disturbed areas.
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III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
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A.
This standard applies to the following applications where:
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1.
Erosion occurs in the form of
sheet and rill erosion
1
. There is no concentration of water flowing to the barrier (
channel erosion
).
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2.
Where adjacent areas need protection from sediment-laden runoff.
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3.
Effectiveness is required for less than 3 months.
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4.
Conditions allow for the bales to be properly entrenched and staked as outlined in the Criteria Section V.
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B.
Under no circumstance shall sediment bale barriers be used in the following applications:
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1.
Below the ordinary high watermark or placed perpendicular to flow in streams, swales, ditches or any place where flow is concentrated.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Where the maximum gradient upslope of the sediment bale barriers is greater than 50% (2:1).
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IV.
Federal, State, and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of the sediment bale barrier. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements.
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A.
Placement
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1.
At a minimum, sediment bale barriers shall be placed in a single row, lengthwise on the contour, with the ends of adjacent sediment bale barriers tightly abutting one another
.
The holes between bales shall be chinked (filled by wedging) with straw, hay or equivalent material to prevent water from escaping between the bales.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
The maximum allowable slope lengths contributing runoff to a sediment bale barrier are specified in Table 1.
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Table 1
-
See PDF for table
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3.
Sediment bale barriers shall not be placed perpendicular to the contour.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
The end of the sediment bale barrier shall be extended upslope to prevent water from flowing around the barrier ends.
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B.
Height – Installed sediment bale barrier shall be a minimum of 10 inches high and shall not exceed a maximum height of 20 inches from ground level.
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C.
Anchoring and Support
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1.
The barrier shall be entrenched and backfilled. A trench shall be excavated the width of a sediment bale barrier and the length of the proposed barrier to a minimum depth of 4 inches. After bales are staked and chinked, the excavated soil shall be backfilled and compacted against the barrier. Backfill to ground level on the down slope side. On the upslope side of the sediment bale barrier backfill to 4 inches above ground level.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
At least two wood stakes, "T" or "U" steel posts, or
½
inch rebar driven through at equidistance along the centerline of the barrier shall securely anchor each bale. The minimum cross sectional area for wood stakes shall be 2.0 by 2.0 inches nominal. The first stake in each bale shall be driven toward the previously laid bale to force the bales together. Stakes shall be driven a minimum 12-inches into the ground to securely anchor the sediment bale barriers.
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3.
Bales shall be installed so that bindings are oriented around the sides rather than along the tops and bottoms of the bales in order to prevent deterioration of the bindings.
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VI.
Considerations
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A.
Improper placement as well as improper installation and maintenance of sediment bale barriers will significantly decrease the effectiveness of this practice.
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B.
Sediment bale barriers should not be used upslope of the disturbed area.
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C.
A double row of sediment bale barriers may be installed in areas where additional protection is needed.
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D.
For safety, place all anchoring flush with the sediment bale barrier or cap any exposed anchoring device.
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VII.
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Plans and specifications for installing sediment bale barriers shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose. The plans and specifications shall address the following:
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1.
Location of sediment bale barrier
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Contributory drainage area
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3.
Schedules
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4.
Standard drawings and installation details
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5.
Restoration after removal
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B.
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include schedule for installation, inspection, and maintenance. The responsible party shall be identified.
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VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
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A.
Sediment bale barriers shall, at a minimum, be inspected weekly and within 24 hours after every precipitation event that produces 0.5 inches of rain or more during a 24-hour period.
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B.
Damaged or decomposed sediment bale barriers, any undercutting, or flow channels around the end of the sediment bale barriers shall be repaired.
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C.
Sediment shall be properly disposed of once the deposits reach 1/2 the height of the sediment bale barrier.
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D.
Sediment bale barriers and anchoring devices shall be removed and properly disposed of when they have served their usefulness, but not before the upslope areas have been permanently stabilized.
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E.
Any sediment deposits remaining in place after the sediment bale barrier is no longer required shall be dressed to conform to the existing grade, prepared and seeded.
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IX.
Definitions
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Channel Erosion
(III.A.1): The deepening and widening of a channel due to soil loss caused by flowing water. As rills become larger and flows begin to concentrate soil detachment occurs primarily as a result of shear. The transport capacity of the flow in a channel is based on the availability of sediment and is a monatomic function of velocity.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sheet and Rill Erosion
(III.A.1): Sheet and rill erosion is the removal of soil by the action of rainfall and shallow overland runoff. It is the first stage in water erosion. As flow becomes more concentrated rills occur. As soil detachment continues or flow increases, rills will become wider and deeper forming gullies.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sediment Basin
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1064 (03/06)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in X. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A sediment control device constructed with an engineered outlet, formed by excavation or embankment to intercept sediment-laden runoff and retain the sediment.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purposes
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Detain sediment-laden runoff from disturbed areas for sufficient time to allow the majority of the sediment to settle out.
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III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
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Sediment basins are utilized in areas of concentrated flow or points of discharge during construction activities. Sediment basins shall be constructed at locations accessible for clean out. Site conditions must allow for runoff to be directed into the basin.
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Sediment basins are designed to be in place until the contributory drainage area has been
stabilized
1
. Sediment basins are temporary and serve drainage areas up to 100 acres however other conservation practices are often more economical for smaller drainage areas. For drainage areas smaller than 5 acres sediment traps or ditch checks may be applicable; for design criteria refer to WDNR conservation Practice Standard Sediment Trap (1063) or Ditch Check (1062).
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Design to WDNR Conservation Practice Standard Wet Detention Basin (1001) when a permanent stormwater basin is required.
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IV.
Federal, State, and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of sediment basins. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements. Sediment basins meeting these design criteria are deemed 80% effective by design in trapping sediment.
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A.
Timing – Sediment basins shall be constructed prior to disturbance of up-slope areas and placed so they function during all phases of construction. Sediment basins shall be placed in locations where runoff from disturbed areas can be diverted into the basin.
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B.
Sizing Criteria – Properly sized sediment basins are more effective at trapping fine-grained particles than sediment traps. Specific trapping efficiency varies based on the surface area and the particle size distribution of the sediment entering the device. See Figure 1 for clarification of terms. Attachment 1 includes a sample design problem.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Treatment Surface Area
– The surface area of the sediment basin measured at the invert of the lowest outlet. The treatment surface area shall be sized based on the texture of the soil entering
the device and the peak outflow during the 1-year, 24-hour design storm using Equation 1:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
S
a
= 1.2 * (q
out
/
v
s
)
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Where:
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S
a
= Treatment surface area measured at the invert of the lowest outlet of sediment basin (square feet)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
out
= Peak outflow (cubic feet / second) during the 1-year, 24-hour design storm for the principal outlet
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v
s
= Particle settling velocity (feet/second)
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1.2
=
EPA recommended safety factor
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Particle settling velocities (
V
s) shall be based on representative soil class as follows:
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a.
Soil Class 1:
v
s
= 1.2*10
-3
ft/sec
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b.
Soil Class 2:
v
s
= 7.3*10
-5
ft/sec
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c.
Soil Class 3:
v
s
= 1.2*10
-5
ft/sec
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Note:
Particle settling velocities calculated assuming a specific gravity of 2.65 and a water temperature of 68 degrees Fahrenheit.
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Soil Class 1 includes particles greater than 20 microns generally corresponding to sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam.
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Soil Class 2 includes particles between 5 and 20 microns generally corresponding to loam, silt, and silt loam aggregates as transported in runoff.
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Soil Class 3 includes particles between 2 and 5 microns generally corresponding to clay loam, silty clay, and clay aggregates as transported in runoff.
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The representative soil class shall be selected based on the dominant textural class of the soil entering the device.
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The treatment surface area of sediment basins can be reduced when used in conjunction with water applied polymers. When employing polymers, size the treatment surface area for controlling fine soils (Class 3) using the settling velocity for medium soils (Class 2). When designing for medium sized soils (Class 2) use the settling velocity for coarse soils (Class 1). See WDNR Conservation Practice Standard Sediment Control Water Application of Polymers (1051) for criteria governing the proper use and selection of polymers.
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Depth below Treatment Surface Area – The depth below the treatment surface area as measured from the invert of the lowest outlet of the sediment basin shall be a minimum of 5 feet deep (2 feet for sediment storage plus 3 feet to protect against scour/ resuspension) and a maximum of 10 feet deep to limit the potential for thermal stratification.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Due to side slope requirements and safety shelf considerations it maybe difficult to maintain 5 feet of depth for the entire treatment surface area. Therefore, 50% of the total treatment surface area shall be a minimum of 5 feet deep. For basins less than 5,000 square feet, maximize the area of 5 feet depth.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Interior side slopes below the lowest invert shall be 2:1 (horizontal: vertical) or flatter to maintain soil stability.
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While a permanent pool of water below the lowest invert may form, it is not required to be maintained through irrigation or installation of a liner system.
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Active Storage Volume
– The volume above the treatment surface area shall be calculated using one of the following methods:
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a.
The method outlined in TR-55 for determining the storage volume for detention basins. This can be accomplished by using Figure 2 where:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
o
= Peak outflow (cubic feet / second) during the 1-year, 24-hour design storm for the principal outlet calculated using Equation 1 (see section V.B.1).
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q
i
= Calculated peak inflow or runoff rate (cubic feet / second) during the 1-year, 24-hour design storm.
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Vr
= Calculated volume of runoff from the 1-year 24-hour design storm for the entire contributory area with the maximum area of disturbance characterized as bare soil.
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Vs
= Is the required active storage volume determined using Figure 2.
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b.
The active storage volume may be calculated based on routing the 1-year, 24-hour storm provided the principal outlet requirements stipulated in section V.D.2 are maintained. This method will require the use of a model.
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Note:
Both these methods require iterative calculations.
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Shape
– The length to width ratio of the flow path shall be maximized with a goal of 3:1 or greater. The flow path is considered the general direction of water flow within the basin including the treatment surface area and any forebay.
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C.
Embankments – Earthen embankments shall be designed to address potential risk and structural integrity issues such as seepage and saturation. All constructed earthen embankments shall meet the following criteria.
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1.
The base of the embankment shall be stripped of all vegetation, stumps, topsoil and other organic matter.
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2.
Side slopes shall be 3:1 or flatter. The minimum embankment top width shall be adequate to provide structural stability. Where applicable the top width shall be wide enough to provide maintenance access.
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3.
There shall be a core trench or key-way along the embankment.
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Any pipes extending through the embankment shall be bedded and backfilled with equivalent soils used to construct the embankment. The bedding and backfill shall be compacted in lifts and to the same standard as the original embankment. Excavation through a completed embankment shall have a minimum side slope of 1:1 or flatter.
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Measures shall be taken to minimize seepage along any conduit buried in the embankment.
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D.
Outlet
– Sediment basins shall have both a principal outlet and an overflow spillway.
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1.
Timing – Outlets must be constructed in conjunction with the remainder of the basin and must be constructed prior to the basin receiving runoff. Sediment basins are ineffective until the outlet is constructed.
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2.
Principal Water Quality Outlet – The principal water quality outlet shall be designed to pass the 1-year 24-hour storm without use of the overflow spillway or other outlet structures. The maximum outflow (q
o
)
from the principal water quality outlet shall be less than or equal to the
q
o
used in Equation 1 (V.B.1). If the sediment basin is to serve as a permanent stormwater basin, the principal outlet structure can be modified (i.e. removable plates) to meet flow requirements encountered during and after construction; separate outlet structures do not need to be constructed.
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Note:
Local ordinances may require control of larger storm events such as the 2-year 24 hour storms. In these cases, additional or compound outlets maybe required.
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3.
Overflow (Emergency) Spillway – An overflow spillway shall be provided consisting of an open channel constructed adjacent to the embankment and built over a stabilized area. The spillway shall be designed to carry the peak rate of runoff expected from a 10-year, 24-hour design storm or one commensurate with the degree of hazard, less any reduction due to flow in the principal outlet. The top of the embankment shall be at least one foot above the design high water level and a minimum of 1 foot above the invert of the overflow spillway. The overflow spillway shall be protected from erosion. Flow from the overflow spillway shall be directed away from the embankment.
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4.
Outlet Protection – All outlet designs shall incorporate preventive measures for ice damage, trash accumulation, and erosion at the outfall. For orifices less than 8-inches in diameter, or equivalent, additional measures to prevent clogging are required.
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E.
Inlet Protection – Inlets shall be designed to prevent scour and reduce velocities during peak flows. Possible design options include flow diffusion, plunge pools, directional berms, baffles, or other energy dissipation structures.
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F.
Location – Temporary sediment basins should be located to provide access for cleanout and disposal of trapped sediment.
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G.
Removal – Temporary sediment basins shall be removed after the contributing drainage area has been stabilized. Complete final grading and restoration according to the site plans. If standing water needs to be removed it shall be done in accordance with WDNR Conservation Practice Standard Dewatering (1061).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
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A.
When constructing a sediment basin that will also serve as the long-term stormwater detention pond, build the sediment basin to the larger of the two sizes required either for stormwater control or erosion control. In addition, when sizing the outlet structure first design the outlet for the long-term stormwater management requirements then check to satisfy the flow requirements for sediment control during construction. If additional flow restriction is needed consider use of a temporary restriction plates or other measures to avoid having to construct separate outlet structures for the sediment basin and stormwater basin.
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B.
Over-excavation beyond the required depth in the sediment storage area of the sediment basin may allow for less frequent maintenance. Addition of other measures in the contributing drainage area may reduce sediment accumulation and associated maintenance requirements.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
The use of a sediment forebay can extend the useful life of the main sediment storage area by trapping the majority of sediment in the forebay area. Separation of the forebay from the rest of the basin requires construction of a submerged shelf (if wet) or a stone or stabilized earthen embankment. The forebay should have a surface area equal to at least 12% of the total basin area.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
In addition to soil stability issues, interior slopes of sediment basins should be selected based on safety issues commensurate with the degree of hazard.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII.
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Plans and specifications for installing sediment basins shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Location of sediment basin
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Schedules and sequence of installation and removal
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Standard drawings and installation details
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Control structure detail and layout
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5.
Sizing of sediment storage area
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6.
Maintenance requirements
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B.
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include sequence for installation, inspection, and maintenance requirements. The responsible party shall be identified.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Sediment basins shall, at a minimum, be inspected weekly and within 24 hours after every precipitation event that produces 0.5 inches of rain or more during a 24-hour period.
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B.
Sediment shall be removed to maintain the three foot depth of the treatment surface area as measured from the invert of the principal outlet. Sediment may need to be removed more frequently.
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C.
If the outlet becomes clogged it shall be cleaned to restore flow capacity.
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D.
Provisions for proper disposal of the sediment removed shall be made.
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E.
Maintenance shall be completed as soon as possible with consideration to site conditions.
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IX.
References
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1Chapter
NR 333
, Dam and Design Construction.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Hann, Barfield, and Hayes. Design Hydrology and Sedimentology for Small Catchments. Academic Press Inc., 1994.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Robert E. Pitt, Small Storm Hydrology.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1US Bureau of Reclamation, Design of Small Dams.
http://www.usbr.gov/pmts/hydraulics_lab/pubs/index.cfm
.
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USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Ponds – Planning, Design, Construction. Agriculture Handbook No. 590, Revised September 1997.
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WDNR Conservation Practice Standard 1001 Wet Detention Basin.
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X.
Definitions
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Active Storage Volume
(V.B.3) – Is measured from the invert of the lowest outlet to the invert of the emergency spillway.
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Stabilized (III)
– Means protecting exposed soil from erosion.
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Treatment Surface Area
(V.B.1) – Is the surface area of the sediment basin measured at the invert of the lowest outlet.
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Figure 1
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Clarification of Sediment Basin Terminology
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-
See PDF for diagram
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Figure 2
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Approximate Detention Basin Routing for Type II Storms
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-
See PDF for diagram
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Table 1 provides a summary of the 1-year, 24-hour rainfall totals using NRCS mandated TP-40 which has not been updated since 1961. Table 2 provides a summary of more current data from the Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the Midwest published in 1992. Local requirements may dictate the use of one dataset over the other.
-
See PDF for table
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Attachment 1
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Sample Sediment Basin Design Problem
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The proper sizing and design of a sediment basin will often require iterative calculations. The technical standard for sizing sediment basins was written to give the designer as much flexibility as possible in designing the basin while meeting water quality requirements. The governing equation relates the surface area of the sediment basin to the outflow and critical particle settling velocity. The larger the sediment basin outflow, the larger the surface area required to settle the particle. As the outflow is reduced, a smaller surface area is required however the required storage volume dictates how small a surface area can become through the storage depth or hydraulic head acting on the outlet.
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The particle settling velocities are listed in the standard requiring the designer to either start with a desired outflow based on an outlet size or an estimated starting surface area. The sample equation below starts with an estimated surface area.
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Sample Problem:
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A 10 acre site is being developed into condos. Eight acres of the site are being disturbed while 2 acres of forest are remaining undisturbed. The dominate soils on the site are silt loam. The 1-year, 24-hour design storm is 2.25 inches.
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Step 1
: Calculate runoff volume and peak using TR-55 or approved method.
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From TR-55 the curve number (CN) for the disturbed area is 86 and the CN for the forested area is 55 resulting in a composite CN of 80. Using TR-55, the runoff volume calculated for the 1-year 24-hour design storm is 0.7 inches (0.6 acre-feet for the entire 10-acre site). The time of concentration was calculated as 0.4 hours resulting in a peak flow of 6 cfs.
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Step 2
: Begin sizing sediment basin using Equation 1. The technical standard lists silt loam under particle class 2 with a settling velocity of 7.3*10
-5
ft/sec. We are also going to assume a starting surface area of 0.25 acres (10,890 ft
2
). An alternative approach is to assume an outflow velocity.
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SA = 1.2 * (
q
out
/
v
s
)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Solve for
q
out
: 10,980 ft
2
= 1.2 * (
q
out
/ 7.3*10
-5
ft/sec)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
out
= 0.67 cfs
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Step 3:
Using Figure 2: Approximate Detention Basin Routing for Type II Storms determines the volume of storage (V
S
) needed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
out
= 0.67 cfs (calculated in Step 2)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
in
= 6.0 cfs (peak flow calculated using TR-55 in Step 1)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V
R
= 0.6 acre-feet (volume of runoff calculated using TR-55 in Step 1)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
out
/
q
in
= 0.67 cfs / 6.0 cfs = 0.11. Using Figure 2 with a
q
out
/
q
in
= 0.11, the V
S
/V
R
is determined to be 0.54. Therefore the V
S
= 0.54 * 0.6 acre-feet = 0.324 acre-feet (14,113 ft
3
)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Step 4:
Check configuration: Calculate maximum head on outlet using surface area and volume.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
SA = 10,890 ft
2
and a V
S
= 14,113 ft
3
we get a depth (H) of 1.29 feet = 14,113 ft
3
/ 10,890 ft
2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Step 5:
Size Outlet: Assuming an orifice type outlet calculate the size needed to meet the
q
out
calculated in Step 1 and the H calculated in Step 4.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Using the orifice equation:
q
out
= C*A*(2gH)
1/2
with C=0.6 (coefficient) , A = Area = ft
2
, g = 32.2, and H = hydraulic head expressed in feet.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
out
= 0.6*A*(2*32.2* H)
1/2
so 0.66 = 0.6*A*(2*32.2*1.29)
1/2
therefore A = .12 ft
2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
An area of 0.12 ft
2
corresponds to an orifice outlet of 4.7 inches in diameter.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Step 6:
Iteration: While the above solution works, the sediment basin has not been optimally sized and we have an orifice diameter that is not a standard pipe size. An iterative approach can be used to reduce the surface area of the sediment basin and obtain a more common orifice diameter. We can assume a 4-inch orifice since it is close to diameter calculated in Step 5 and we can start with the depth we calculated in Step 4. The iterations below each represent Steps 2 through 5.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Iteration 1:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
out
= 0.43 (H)
1/2
= 0.43 (1.29)
1/2
= 0.48 cfs which is less than the 0.66 cfs calculated in Step 1. Therefore, we can go back to Step 1 and repeat the sizing procedure and downsize the sediment basin.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
SA = 1.2 * (
q
out
/
v
s
) = 1.2 * (0.48 cfs / 7.3*10
-5
ft/sec) = 7,890 ft
2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Using Figure 2:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
out
= 0.48 cfs
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
in
= 6.0 cfs (peak flow calculated using TR-55 in Step 1)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V
R
= 0.6 acre-feet (volume of runoff calculated using TR-55 in Step 1)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
out
/
q
in
= 0.48 cfs / 6.0 cfs = 0.08. Using Figure 2 with a
q
out
/
q
in
= 0.08, the V
S
/V
R
is determined to be 0.62. Therefore the V
S
= 0.62 * 0.6 acre-feet = 0.372 acre-feet (16,204 ft
3
)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
SA = 7,890 ft
2
and a V
S
= 16,204 ft
3
we get a depth (H) of 2.05 feet = 16,204 ft
3
/ 7,890 ft
2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
out
= 0.43 (H)
1/2
= 0.43 (2.05)
1/2
= 0.61 cfs which is more than the 0.48 cfs we used so iterate.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Iteration 2:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
SA = 1.2 * (
q
out
/
v
s
) = 1.2 * (0.61 cfs / 7.3*10
-5
ft/sec) = 10,027 ft
2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Using Figure 2:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
out
= 0.61 cfs
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
in
= 6.0 cfs (peak flow calculated using TR-55 in Step 1)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V
R
= 0.6 acre-feet (volume of runoff calculated using TR-55 in Step 1)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
out
/
q
in
= 0.61 cfs / 6.0 cfs = 0.10 Using Figure 2 with a
q
out
/
q
in
= 0.10, the V
S
/V
R
is determined to be 0.54. Therefore the V
S
= 0.54 * 0.6 acre-feet = 0.324 acre-feet (14,113 ft
3
)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
SA = 10,027 ft
2
and a V
S
= 14,113 ft
3
we get a depth (H) of 1.41 feet = 14,113 ft
3
/ 10,027 ft
2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
out
= 0.43 (H)
1/2
= 0.43 (1.41)
1/2
= 0.51 cfs which is less than the 0.61 cfs we used so we are OK or we can iterate again until we have q
out
that are almost identical.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
After Iteration 2, we have a sediment basin with a SA = 10,027 ft
2
and a V
S
= 14,113 ft
3
. We have a principal water quality outlet consisting of a 4-inch orifice. This design meets the water quality requirements of the technical standard.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sediment Trap
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1063 (09/05)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A
temporary
1
sediment control device formed by excavation and/or embankment to intercept sediment-laden runoff and to retain the sediment.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purposes
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
To detain sediment-laden runoff from disturbed areas for sufficient time to allow the majority of the sediment to settle out.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sediment traps are utilized in areas of concentrated flow or points of discharge during construction activities. Sediment traps shall be constructed at locations accessible for clean out. Sediment traps are designed to be in place until the contributory drainage area has been
stabilized
. The contributory drainage area shall be a maximum of 5 acres. For concentrated flow areas smaller than one acre, ditch checks may be installed; refer to WDNR conservation practice standard Ditch Check (1062). For larger drainage areas and/or for sediment basins requiring an engineered outlet structure refer to WDNR conservation practice standard Sediment Basin (1064) or Wet Detention Basin (1001).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State, and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of sediment traps. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Timing
– Sediment traps shall be constructed prior to disturbance of up-slope areas and placed so they function during all phases of construction. Sediment traps shall be placed in locations where runoff from disturbed areas can be diverted into the traps.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Sizing Criteria
– Properly sized sediment traps are relatively effective at trapping medium and coarse-grained particles. To effectively trap fine-grained particles, the sediment trap must employ a large surface area or polymers. The specific trapping efficiency of a sediment trap varies based on the surface area, depth of dead storage, and the particle size distribution and concentration of sediment entering the device.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1. Surface Area – The minimum surface area of a sediment trap shall be based on the dominant textural class of the soil entering the device. The surface area calculated below represents the surface for the permanent pool area
(if wet) or the surface area for the dead storage. This surface area is measured at the invert of the stone outlet (see Figure 1). Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 a. For coarse textured soils (loamy sand, sandy loam, and sand): Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A s (coarse) = 625 * A dr Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 b. For medium textured soils (loams, silt loams, and silt): Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A s (medium) = 1560 * A dr Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 c. For fine textured soils (sandy clay, silty clay, silty clay loam, clay loam, and clay): Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A s (fine) = 5300 * A dr Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 For the equations above: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A s = surface area of storage volume in square feet Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A dr = contributory drainage area in acres Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Note: The equations above were derived using a representative particle distribution for detached sediment for each textural class. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Sediment traps designed based on this standard will achieve 80% reduction of suspended solids for the drainage area. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 d. The surface area of sediment traps used in areas with fine to medium sized soils can be reduced when used in conjunction with water applied polymers. When employing polymers, size the surface area for controlling fine particles using the criteria for medium soils (V.B.1.b.) and when controlling medium sized particles use the sizing equation contained in (V.B.1.a.) for coarse soils. See WDNR Conservation Practice Standard Sediment Control Water Application of Polymers (1051) for criteria governing the proper use and selection of polymers. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2. Depth – The depth of the sediment trap measured from the sediment trap bottom to the invert of the stone outlet, shall be at least three feet to minimize re-suspension and provide storage for sediment. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 3. Shape – The sediment trap shall have a length to width ratio of at least 2:1. The position of the outlet to the inlet shall be as such to minimize short-circuiting of the water flow path. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 4. Side Slopes – Side slopes shall be no steeper than 2:1. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Note: A sediment trap sized with the surface area equations above, a three-foot depth, and 2:1 side slopes will generally result in an 80% sediment reduction. Slopes flatter than 2:1 will require larger surface areas to provide adequate storage. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 C. Embankment – Embankments of temporary sediment traps shall not exceed five feet in height measured from the downstream toe of the embankment to the top of the embankment. Construct embankments with a minimum top width of four feet, and side slopes of 2:1 or flatter. Earthen embankments shall be compacted. Where sediment traps are employed as a perimeter control, the embankments shall have stabilization practices place prior to receiving runoff. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 D. Outlet – Sediment traps shall be constructed with both a principal and emergency spillway. The stone outlet of a sediment trap shall consist of a stone section of embankment (stone outlet) located at the discharge point. The stone outlet section provides a means of dewatering the basin back to the top of the permanent storage between storm events, and also serves as a non-erosive emergency spillway for larger flow events. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. Outlet Size – The size of the outlet shall depend on the contributory drainage area and desired outflow. The length of the stone outlet / weir outlet can be calculated based on the size of the drainage area found in Table 1. Refer to section IX References for the equation used to calculate flow through a stone outlet or gabion. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Table 1 Weir Length - See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The emergency spillway (top of the weir) shall be sized to adequately pass the 10-year 24-hour storm without over topping the sediment trap. The crest of the spillway shall be at least one foot below the top of the embankment. The, minimum weir lengths provided in Table 1 are adequate to pass the 10 year event.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
The weir length has little effect on overall treatment efficiency provided the sizing criteria in Section V.B. is adhered to. The stone outlet shall have a minimum top width of 2 feet and a maximum side-slope of 2:1. Discharge from the sediment basin shall be safely conveyed to a stormwater facility, drainage way, or waterbody. The discharge velocity shall be below the velocity to initiate scour unless appropriate stabilization methods are employed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Stone Size – Stone shall consist of angular well graded 3 to 6 inch clear washed stone.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Keyway Trench – The stone outlet shall be protected from undercutting by excavating a keyway trench across the stone foundation and up the sides to the height of the outlet. See Figure 1. Underlying with geotextile fabric is optional.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
Provide access for cleanout and disposal of trapped sediment.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Sediment traps generally require excessive surface areas to settle clay particles and fine silts. If these conditions exist on the site consider using a sediment basin (DNR Conservation Practice Standard Sediment Basin 1064) or adding polymer to the sediment trap. See WDNR Conservation Practice Standard Sediment Control Water Application of Polymers (1051) for criteria governing the use of polymers
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
To improve trapping efficiency, filter fabric can be placed on the up-slope side of the stone outlet / gabion and anchored with stone. When fabric is utilized to enhance filtering, more frequent maintenance is required to prevent clogging. When using fabric, a monofilament type fabric shall be used (such as WisDOT Type FF). The apparent opening size of the fabric, not the stone size, will dictate the flow rate through the outlet therefore outlet lengths need to be calculated since values in Table 1 are based on stone. When calculating the size of the outlet a clogging factor of 50% should be used for the fabric.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Consider possible interference with construction activities when locating sediment traps.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Provisions should be made for protecting the embankment from failure caused by storms exceeding the 10-year design requirement. Consider a stabilized and non-erosive emergency spillway bypass.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
In general, groundwater impacts from temporary sediment traps that have storage areas in contact with groundwater are not a major concern. However, sediment trap contact with groundwater should be avoided in areas with karst features, fractured bedrock, or areas of significant groundwater recharge.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F.
Sediment trapping is achieved primarily by settling within the pool formed by the trap. Sediment trapping efficiency is a function of surface area, depth of pool, and detention time. If site conditions permit, a length to width ratio greater than 2:1 will increase efficiency.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
G.
If site conditions prevent the sediment trap from having a three-foot depth, then an equivalent storage volume must be created through increasing the surface area.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
H.
For sediment traps in place longer than 6 months, consider outlets constructed of two types of stone. A combination of coarse aggregate and riprap (WisDOT light riprap classification) should be used to provide stability. A one-foot layer of one inch washed stone then should be placed on the up-slope face to reduce drainage flow rate.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Plans and specifications for installing sediment traps shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose. The plans and specifications shall address the following:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Location and spacing of sediment traps
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Schedules and sequence of installation and removal
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Standard drawings and installation details
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Rock gradation
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include a schedule for installation, inspection, maintenance, and identify the responsible party.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sediment Traps shall, at a minimum, be inspected weekly and within 24 hours after every precipitation event that produces 0.5 inches of rain or more during a 24-hour period. Sediment may need to be removed more frequently.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Deposits of sediment shall be removed when they reach a depth of one foot.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
If the outlet becomes clogged it shall be cleaned to restore flow capacity.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Recommend provisions for proper disposal of the sediment removed from the trap.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Maintenance shall be completed as soon as possible with consideration given to site conditions.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
Sediment traps shall be removed and the location stabilized after the disturbed area draining to the sediment trap is stabilized and no longer susceptible to erosion.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX
References
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Flow through the stone outlet and gabion can be calculated using the following equation:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Q = ( h
2/3
* L ) / [(W/D) + 25 + W
2
]
1/2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Where:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Q = total flow through stone (cfs)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
h = depth of flow measured from invert of the stone outlet to the crest of emergency spillway (ft)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
W = average width of weir or flow
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
length through stone outlet (ft)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
L = length of weir (ft)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D = Average Rock Diameter (ft)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
For a stone outlet, the length of stone outlet (L) will vary with the depth and slope of stone outlet. For a gabion, the length of flow is fixed to gabion width. A complete discussion of this equation and its proper application can be found in:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C. McIntyre, G. Aron, J. Willenbrock, and M. Deimler. Report No. 10: Analysis of flow through porous media as applied to gabion dams regarding the storage and release of storm water runoff. NAHB/NRC Designated Housing Research Center at Penn State, Department of Civil Engineering; August 1992.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
X
Definitions
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Stabilized
(III): Means that all land disturbing construction activities at the construction site have been completed and that a uniform perennial vegetative cover has been established with a density of at least 70% of the cover for the unpaved areas and areas not covered by permanent structures or that employ equivalent stabilization measures.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Temporary
(I): An erosion control measure that is in place for the duration of construction or until the site is stabilized.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Seeding For Construction Site Erosion Control
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1059 (11/03)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in X. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Planting seed to establish temporary or permanent vegetation for erosion control.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purpose
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The purpose of
temporary seeding
1
is to reduce runoff and erosion until permanent vegetation or other erosion control practices can be established. The purpose of
permanent seeding
is to permanently stabilize areas of exposed soil.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Ill.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This practice applies to areas of exposed soil where the establishment of vegetation is desired. Temporary seeding applies to disturbed areas that will not be brought to final grade or on which land-disturbing activities will not be performed for a period greater than 30 days, and requires vegetative cover for less than one year. Permanent seeding applies to areas where perennial vegetative cover is needed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall be aware of all applicable federal, state and local laws, rules, regulations or permit requirements governing seeding. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Site and Seedbed Preparation
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Site preparation activities shall include:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Temporary Seeding
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
Temporary seeding requires a seedbed of loose soil to a minimum depth of 2 inches.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
b.
Fertilizer application is not generally required for temporary seeding. However, any application of fertilizer or lime shall be based on soil testing results.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
c.
The soil shall have a pH range of 5.5 to 8.0.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Permanent Seeding
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
Topsoil installation shall be completed prior to permanent seeding.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
b.
Permanent seeding requires a seedbed of loose topsoil to a minimum depth of 4 inches with the ability to support a
dense
vegetative cover.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
c.
Application rates of fertilizer or lime shall be based on soil testing results.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
d.
Prepare a tilled, fine, but firm seedbed. Remove rocks, twigs foreign material and clods over two inches that cannot be broken down.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
e.
The soil shall have a pH range of 5.5 to 8.0.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Seeding
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Seed Selection
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
Seed mixtures that will produce dense vegetation shall be selected based on soil and site conditions and intended final use. Section IX References, lists sources containing suggested seed mixtures.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
b.
All seed shall conform to the requirements of the Wisconsin Statutes and of the Administrative Code Chapter
ATCP
20.01 regarding noxious weed seed content and labeling.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
c.
Seed mixtures that contain potentially invasive species or species that may be harmful to native plant communities shall be avoided.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
d.
Seed shall not be used later than one year after the test date that appears on the label.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
e.
Seed shall be tested for purity, germination and noxious weed seed content and shall meet the minimum purity and germination requirements as prescribed in the current edition of Rules for Testing Seed, published by the Association of Official Seed Analysts.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Seed Rates
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
Temporary Seeding (Cover Crop)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Areas needing protection during periods when permanent seeding is not applied shall be seeded with annual species for temporary protection. See Table 1 for seeding rates of commonly used species. The residue from this crop may either be incorporated into the soil during seedbed preparation at the next permanent seeding period or left on the soil surface and the planting made as a no-till seeding.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Table 1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Temporary Seeding Species and Rates
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
b.
Permanent Seeding
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Rates shall be based on pounds or ounces of Pure Live Seed (PLS)
per acre. Section IX contains some possible reference documents that provide seeding rates. Permanent seeding rates may be increased above the minimum rates shown in the reference documents to address land use and environmental conditions.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
If a
nurse crop
is used in conjunction with permanent seeding, the nurse crop shall not hinder establishment of the permanent vegetation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A nurse crop shall be applied at 50% its temporary seeding rate when applied with permanent seed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Inoculation
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Legume seed shall be inoculated in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Inoculants shall not be mixed with liquid fertilizer.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Sowing
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Seed grasses and legumes no more than
¼
inch deep. Distribute seed uniformly. Mixtures with low seeding rates require special care in sowing to achieve proper seed distribution.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Seed may be broadcast, drilled, or hydroseeded as appropriate for the site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Seed when soil temperatures remain consistently above 53
°
F.
Dormant seed
when the soil temperature is consistently below 53
°
F (typically Nov. 1st until snow cover). Seed shall not be applied on top of snow.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Consider seeding at a lower rate and making two passes to ensure adequate coverage.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Compacted soil areas may need special site preparation prior to seeding to mitigate compaction. This may be accomplished by chisel plowing to a depth of 12 inches along the contour after heavy equipment has left the site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Sod may be considered where adequate watering is available.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
When working in riparian areas refer to the NRCS Engineering Field Handbook, Chapter
16
, Streambank and Shoreline Protection and Chapter
18
,
Soil Bioengineering
for Upland Slope Protection and Erosion Reduction.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
A site assessment should be conducted to evaluate soil characteristics, topography, exposure to sunlight, proximity to natural plant communities, proximity to nuisance, noxious and/or invasive species, site history, moisture regime, climatic patterns, soil fertility, and previous herbicide applications.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F.
Use
introduced species
only in places where they will not spread into existing natural areas.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
G.
Lightly roll or compact the area using suitable equipment when the seedbed is judged to be too loose, or if the seedbed contains clods that might reduce seed germination.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
H.
See Section IX. References for suggested seed mixes (NRCS, WisDOT, UWEX) or use their equivalent.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Turf seedlings should not be mowed until the stand is at least 6 inches tall. Do not mow closer than 3 inches during the first year of establishment.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
J.
Seeding should not be done when the soil is too wet.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
K.
Consider watering to help establish the seed. Water application rates shall be controlled to prevent runoff and erosion.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
L.
Prairie plants may not effectively provide erosion control during their establishment period without a nurse crop.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
M.
Topsoil originating from agricultural fields may contain residual chemicals. The seedbed should be free of residual herbicide or other contaminants that will prevent establishment and maintenance of vegetation. Testing for soil contaminants may be appropriate if there is doubt concerning the soil's quality.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
N.
Consider using mulch or a nurse crop if selected species are not intended for quick germination. When mulching refer to WDNR Conservation Practice Standard Mulching for Construction Sites (1058).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIl.
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Plans and specifications for seeding shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying this practice.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include schedule for installation, inspection, and maintenance. The responsible party shall be identified.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VlIl.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
During construction areas that have been seeded shall at a minimum be inspected weekly and within 24 hours after every precipitation event that produces 0.5 inches of rain or more during a 24-hour period. Inspect weekly during the growing season until vegetation is densely established or permit expires. Repair and reseed areas that have erosion damage as necessary.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Limit vehicle traffic and other forms of compaction in areas that are seeded.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
A fertilizer program should begin with a soil test. Soil tests provide specific fertilizer recommendations for the site and can help to avoid over-application of fertilizers.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX.
References
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Seed Selection References
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
United States Department of Agriculture – Natural Resource Conservation Service Field Office Technical Guide Section IV, Standard 342, Critical Area Planting.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
UWEX Publication A3434 Lawn and Establishment & Renovation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
WisDOT, 2003. State of Wisconsin Standard Specifications For Highway and Structure Construction. Section 630, Seeding.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
General References
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1Association of Official Seed Analysts, 2003. Rules for Testing Seed.
http://www.aosaseed.com
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1Metropolitan Council, 2003. Urban Small Sites Best Management Practice Manual, Chapter
3
, Vegetative Methods 3-85 – 3-91. Minneapolis.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The State of Wisconsin list of noxious weeds can be found in Statute 66.0407.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
United States Department of Agriculture – Natural Resources Conservation Service. Engineering Field Handbook, Chapters
16
and
18
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
UWEX Publication GWQ002 Lawn & Garden Fertilizers.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
X.
Definitions
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Dense
(V.A.2.b) A stand of 3-inch high grassy vegetation that uniformly covers at least 70% of a representative 1 square yard plot.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Dormant seed
(V.B.4): Seed is applied after climatic conditions prevent germination until the following spring.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Introduced Species
(VI.F) Plant species that historically would not have been found in North America until they were brought here by travelers from other parts of the world. This would include smooth bromegrass and alfalfa. Some of these species may have a wide distribution such as Kentucky bluegrass.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Nurse Crop
(V.B.2.b): Also known as a companion crop; is the application of temporary (annual) seed with permanent seed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Permanent seeding
(II) Seeding designed to minimize erosion for an indefinite period after land disturbing construction activities have ceased on the site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Soil Bioengineering
(VI.D) Practice of combining mechanical, biological and ecological concepts to arrest and prevent shallow slope failures and erosion.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Temporary Seeding
(II) Seeding designed to control erosion for a time period of one year or less that is generally removed in order to perform further construction activities or to permanently stabilize a construction site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Topsoil
(V.A.2.a) Consists of loam, sandy loam, silt loam, silty clay or clay loam humus-bearing soils adapted to sustain plant life with a pH range of 5.5 – 8.0. Manufactured topsoil shall through the addition of sand or organic humus material, peat, manure or compost meet the above criteria.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Silt Fence
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1056 (03/06)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in X. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Silt fence is a temporary sediment barrier of entrenched permeable geotextile fabric designed to intercept and slow the flow of sediment-laden sheet flow runoff from small areas of disturbed soil.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purpose
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The purpose of this practice is to reduce slope length of the disturbed area and to intercept and retain transported sediment from disturbed areas.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
This standard applies to the following applications:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Erosion occurs in the form of
sheet and rill erosion
1
. There is no concentration of water flowing to the barrier
( channel erosion ). Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2. Where adjacent areas need protection from sediment-laden runoff. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 3. Where effectiveness is required for one year or less. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 4. Where conditions allow for silt fence to be properly entrenched and staked as outlined in the Criteria Section V. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. Under no circumstance shall silt fence be used in the following applications: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. Below the ordinary high watermark or placed perpendicular to flow in streams, swales, ditches or any place where flow is concentrated. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2. Where the maximum gradient upslope of the fence is greater than 50% (2:1). Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 IV. Federal, State, and Local Laws Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of silt fence. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 V. Criteria Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A. Placement Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. When installed as a stand-alone practice on a slope, silt fence shall be placed on the contour. The parallel spacing shall not exceed the maximum slope lengths for the appropriate slope as specified in Table 1 . - See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Silt fences shall not be placed perpendicular to the contour.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
The ends of the fence shall be extended upslope to prevent water from flowing around the ends of the fence.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Height – Installed silt fences shall be a minimum 14 inches high and shall not exceed 28 inches in height measured from the installed ground elevation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Support
– Silt fences shall be supported by either steel or wood supports as specified below:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Wood supports
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
The full height of the silt fence shall be supported by 1 1/8 inches by 1 1/8 inches air or kiln dried posts of hickory or oak.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
b.
The silt fence fabric shall be stapled, using at least 0.5-inch staples, to the upslope side of the posts in at least 3 places.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
c.
The posts shall be a minimum of 3 feet long for 24-inch silt fence and a minimum of 4 feet for 36-inch silt fence fabric.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Steel supports
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
The full height of the silt fence shall be supported by steel posts at least 5 feet long with a strength of 1.33 pounds per foot and have projections for the attachment of fasteners.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
b.
The silt fence fabric shall be attached in at least three places on the upslope side with 50 pound plastic tie straps or wire fasteners. To prevent damage to the fabric from fastener, the protruding ends shall be pointed away from the fabric.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
The maximum spacing of posts for non-woven silt fence shall be 3 feet and for woven fabric 8 feet.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Silt fence shall have a support cord.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5.
Where joints are necessary, each end of the fabric shall be securely fastened to a post. The posts shall then be wrapped around each other to produce a stable, secure joint or shall be overlapped the distance between two posts.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
6.
A minimum of 20 inches of the post shall extend into the ground after installation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Anchoring – Silt fence shall be anchored by spreading at least 8 inches of the fabric in a 4 inch wide by 6 inch deep trench, or 6 inch deep V-trench on the upslope side of the fence. The trench shall be backfilled and compacted. Trenches shall not be excavated wider and deeper than necessary for proper installation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
On the terminal ends of silt fence the fabric shall be wrapped around the post such that the staples are not visible.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
Geotextile Fabric Specifications – The geotextile fabric consists of either woven or non-woven polyester, polypropylene, stabilized nylon, polyethylene, or polyvinylidene chloride. Non-woven fabric may be needle punched, heat bonded, resin bonded, or combinations thereof. All fabric shall meet the following requirements as specified in Table 2.
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
(WisDOT Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2001)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1
All numerical values represent minimum / maximum average roll values. (For example, the average minimum test
results on any roll in a lot should meet or exceed the minimum specified values.) Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Silt fence shall have a maximum flow rate of 10-gallons/minute/square foot at 50mm constant head as determined by multiplying permittivity in 1/second as determined by ASTM D-4491 by a conversion factor of 74. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 F. Removal – Silt fences shall be removed once the disturbed area is permanently stabilized and no longer susceptible to erosion. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 VI. Considerations Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A. Improper placement as well as improper installation and maintenance of silt fences will significantly decrease the effectiveness of this practice. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Silt fences should be considered for trapping sediment where sheet and rill erosion may be expected to occur in small drainage areas. Silt fences should not be placed in areas of concentrated flow. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. Silt fences should be installed prior to disturbing the upslope area. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 C. Silt fences should not be used to define the boundaries of the entire project . Silt fence should be placed only in areas where it is applicable due to its cost and the fact that it is not biodegradable. For example, silt fence should not be placed in locations where the natural overland flow is from an undisturbed area into disturbed areas of the project. It should also not be used as a diversion. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 D. Silt fence should not be used in areas where the silt fence is at a higher elevation than the disturbed area. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 E. When placing silt fence near trees, care should be taken to minimize damage to the root system. Avoid compaction and root cutting within 1.5 feet multiplied by the inch diameter of the tree (for example: for 10-inch trees keep out a 15-foot radius from the trunk). Refer to UWEX publication Preserving Trees During Construction for more information. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 F. To protect silt fence from damage in areas of active construction or heavy traffic, silt fence should be flagged, marked, or highlighted to improve visibility. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 G. Silt fence effectiveness is generally increased when used in conjunction with other upslope erosion control practices. To further strengthen the silt fence, straw / hay bales can be placed on the down slope side. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 H To help ensure effectiveness, silt fence should be inspected and repaired as necessary prior to forecasted rain events. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 I. Where installation with wood posts is difficult, such as when hard or frozen ground is encountered, the use of steel post is recommended. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 J. Silt fence can be mechanically installed with a plow type device provided that the silt fence is trenched in a manner such that equivalent performance is achieved to that specified in Section V.D. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 VII. Plans and Specifications Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A. Plans and specifications for installing silt fence shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose. The plans and specifications shall address the following: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. Location of silt fence Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2. Contributory drainage area Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 3. Schedules Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 4. Material specification conforming to standard Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 5. Standard drawings and installation details Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 6. Restoration after removal Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include schedule for installation, inspection, and maintenance. The responsible party shall be identified. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 VIII. Operation and Maintenance Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A. Silt fences shall at a minimum be inspected weekly and within 24 hours after every precipitation event that produces 0.5 inches of rain or more during a 24 hour period. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. Damaged or decomposed fences, undercutting, or flow channels around the end of barriers shall be repaired or corrected. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 C. Sediment shall be properly disposed of once the deposits reach ½ the height of the fence. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 IX. References Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 UWEX Publication A0327 "Preserving Trees During Construction" Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 X. Definitions Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Channel Erosion (III.A.1): The deepening and widening of a channel due to soil loss caused by flowing water. As rills become larger and flows begin to concentrate, soil detachment occurs primarily as a result of shear. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Sheet and Rill Erosion (III.A.1): Sheet and rill erosion is the removal of soil by the action of rainfall and shallow overland runoff. It is the first stage in water erosion. As flow becomes more concentrated rills occur. As soil detachment continues or flow increases, rills will become wider and deeper forming gullies. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 - See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Silt Curtain
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1070 (09/05)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in X. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A temporary permeable fabric installed in a waterway or waterbody to minimize sediment transport. A silt curtain does not extend to the bottom of the channel and is placed parallel or perpendicular to the direction of flow.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purposes
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The purpose of this practice is to provide sediment containment while construction activities are occurring in or directly adjacent to a waterway or waterbody.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This practice applies where construction activities intrude or are directly adjacent to a waterway or waterbody. This includes but is not limited to bridge construction, rip rap placement, utility work, streambank restoration, boat launches and dredging.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Silt curtain is intended for calm water conditions where it will not be subjected to wind, wave, or current. Silt curtains are appropriate to settle out coarse and granular soils where water depth at the time of construction is greater than or equal to 4 feet. For applications in finer sediment or moving water see WDNR Technical Standard 1069 Turbidity Barrier.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State, and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of silt curtains. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Installation – Details of construction not listed in the text shall conform to the pertinent requirements of Figure 1.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
The silt curtain shall be installed before construction activities are initiated in or adjacent to the waterway or waterbody. Install the silt curtain as close to the construction as practical. The curtain shall remain in place and be maintained until the construction activity is completed and the disturbed area is
stabilized
1
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
The ends of the silt curtain shall be securely anchored and keyed into the shoreline to fully enclose the area where sediment may enter the water.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
A 2-foot gap shall exist between the weighted lower end of the curtain and the bottom of the waterway or waterbody.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Bottom anchors shall be used to hold the silt curtain in the same position relative to the bottom the waterway or waterbody without interfering with the function of the curtain. Anchors shall either be driven into the bottom of the waterway or waterbody or be weighted and attached to the curtain floatation device via an anchor line. Manufacture's recommendations shall be followed for the number and spacing of anchors.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5.
Danger buoys shall be used as directed by the Coast Guard or DNR permit when working in navigable waters.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Material:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Reusable components of the silt curtain system shall be clean and free of potential exotic species. Fabric cannot be reused.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
The silt curtain shall be constructed from heavy woven filter fabric to allow water to pass through the barrier yet retain sediment. All fabric seams shall be heat sealed or sewn. Silt curtain fabric shall conform to the specifications in Table 1.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Table 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Flotation devices shall be flexible, buoyant units contained in an individual floatation sleeve or collar attached to the curtain. Use expanded polystyrene logs or equivalent having a 49 square inch minimum end area. Do not use polystyrene beads or chips. Buoyancy provided by the floatation device shall be sufficient to support the weight of the curtain and maintain a freeboard of at least 3 inches above the water surface level.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Top load lines shall consist of 5/16 inch steel cable.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5.
Bottom load lines shall consist of a minimum
¼
-inch steel chain incorporated into the bottom hem of the curtain. Larger chain sizes may be used where additional weight to serve as ballast to hold the curtain in a vertical position is required.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Sediment that has settled out by the silt curtain should only be removed as directed by the regulatory authority because re-suspension of sediment will likely occur during the removal process. Use of polymers may help prevent resuspension of sediment. See WDNR Technical Standard 1051 Sediment Control Water Application of Polymers for further guidance.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Silt curtains are meant to manage sediment in the waterbody. The best way to prevent sediment from entering the waterbody is through the implementation of effective upland erosion control, stopping sediment transport at its source.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII.
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Plans and specifications for installing a silt curtain shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Location of silt curtain.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Material specification conforming to standard.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include schedule for installation, inspection, and maintenance. The responsible party shall be identified.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Silt curtains shall be inspected daily and repaired if necessary.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Regardless of upland stabilization conditions silt curtains shall not be removed until the water behind the curtain has equal or greater clarity than the waterway or waterbody. Soil particles shall be allowed to settle for a minimum of 24 hours prior to removal of the curtain.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Care shall be taken when removing the silt curtain to minimize the release or re-suspension of accumulated sediment.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
To prevent the spread of exotic species silt curtains shall not be reused on other sites. Buoys and chains can be reused but shall be either disinfected with vinegar or cleaned with hot water greater than 104 deg. F then allowed to completely dry for a minimum period of five days. If there are any questions about the occurrence of zebra mussels, Eurasian water-milfoil, or other aquatic invasive species in a waterbody that you are working in or intend to work in contact your local DNR staff.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX.
References
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook, Third Edition, 1992
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1WisDOT Facilities Development Manual: Chapter
10
, Section 10, Subject 43, Silt Screen
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
X.
Definitions
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Stabilized
(V.A.1): Means that all land disturbing construction activities at the construction site have been completed, and that a uniform perennial vegetative cover has been established with a density of at least 70% of the cover for the unpaved areas and areas not covered by permanent structures, or that employ equivalent stabilization measures.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Stone Tracking Pad and Tire Washing
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1057 (08/03)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in IX. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A stabilized pad of stone aggregate or tire washing station located at any point where traffic will egress a construction site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purpose
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The purpose of this standard is to reduce off-site sedimentation by eliminating the tracking of sediment from construction sites.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Either a stone tracking pad or tire washing station shall be used at all points of construction egress. This standard applies where construction traffic is likely to transport sediment off site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State, and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of this practice. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Tracking Pad:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
The tracking pad shall be installed prior to any traffic leaving the site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
The aggregate for tracking pads shall be 3 to 6 inch clear or washed stone. All material to be retained on a 3-inch sieve.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
The aggregate shall be placed in a layer at least 12 inches thick. On sites with a high water table, or where saturated conditions are expected during the life of the practice, stone tracking pads shall be underlain with a WisDOT Type R geotextile fabric to prevent migration of underlying soil into the stone.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
The tracking pad shall be the full width of the egress point. The tracking pad shall be at a minimum 50 feet long.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5.
Surface water must be prevented from passing through the tracking pad. Flows shall be diverted away from tracking pads or conveyed under and around them by using a variety of practices, such as culverts,
water bars
1
, or other similar practices.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Tire washing: If conditions on the site are such that the sediment is not removed from vehicle tires by the tracking pad, then tires shall be washed utilizing pressurized water before entering a public road.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
The washing station shall be located on-site in an area that is stabilized and drains into suitable sediment trapping or settling device.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
The wash rack shall consist of a heavy grating over a lowered area. The rack shall be strong enough to support the vehicles that will cross it.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Rocks lodged between the tires of dual wheel vehicles shall be removed prior to leaving the construction site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Vehicles traveling across the tracking pad should maintain a slow constant speed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
The best approach to preventing off-site tracking is to restrict vehicles to stabilized areas.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
It is always preferable to prevent sediment from being deposited upon the road than cleaning the road later. Sediment on a road can create a safety hazard as well as a pollution problem.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Any sediment tracked onto a public or private road should be removed by street cleaning, not flushing, before the end of each working day.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII.
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Plans and specifications for installing tracking pads shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose. The plans and specifications shall address the following:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Location of all points of egress with tracking pad locations shown
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Material specifications conforming to standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Schedule for installation and removal
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Standard drawings and installation details
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5.
Stabilization after removal
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include schedule for installation, inspection, and maintenance. The responsible party shall be identified.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Tracking pads and tire washing stations shall, at a minimum, be inspected weekly and within 24 hours after every precipitation event that produces 0.5 inches of rain or more during a 24-hour period.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
The tracking pad performance shall be maintained by scraping or top-dressing with additional aggregate.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
A minimum 12-inch thick pad shall be maintained.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX.
Definitions
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Water bar
(V.A.5): A shallow trench or diversion dam that diverts surface water runoff into a dispersion area.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Storm Drain Inlet Protection For Construction Sites
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1060 (10/03)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A temporary barrier installed around a storm drain inlet, drop inlet or curb inlet.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purposes
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The purpose of this practice is to reduce sediment from entering storm drains before stabilizing the contributing drainage area.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This practice applies where runoff from construction sites enters conveyance system structures such as drain inlets, drop inlets, and curb inlets. Inlet protection devices are for drainage areas of one acre or less. Runoff from areas larger than one acre should be routed through a properly designed sediment trapping or settling practice upstream of the inlet.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State, and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of storm drain inlet protection. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Design Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The appropriate type of inlet protection barrier shall be installed once the drain, drop, or curb inlet can receive runoff. The device shall remain in place and be maintained until the disturbed area is stabilized.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
General Criteria that is applicable to all inlet protection devices
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Ponding water to settle sediment is encouraged; however ponding shall not interfere with the flow of traffic, create a safety hazard, or cause property damage. All devices shall have provisions such as weep holes or "emergency spillways" to safely pass water if the device becomes clogged.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
The contributing drainage area to the inlet protection device shall be one acre or less. In instances were a larger contributing drainage area exists, runoff shall be routed through a properly designed sediment trapping or settling device upstream of inlet.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Other than Type D inlet protection devices, no gaps shall be left in the material used that would allow the flow of water to bypass the inlet protection device.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
All fabrics used as part of an inlet protection device must be selected from the list of approved fabrics certified for inlet protection, Geotextile Fabric, Type FF in the current addition of the WisDOT Product Acceptability List (PAL).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Criteria Applicable to Unpaved areas or the Pre-Paving Phase of Construction
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Inlet Protection Barriers include, but are not limited to, straw bales, sandbags, other material filled bags and socks, and stone weepers. These devices can be used to either settle sediments or divert flows.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
Manufactured bags, when used, shall conform to the standards in Table 1.
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
b.
Straw Bale installation shall conform to the criteria outlined in the WDNR Conservation Practice Standard (1055) Sediment Bale Barrier (Non-Channel).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
c.
Stone weeper installation shall conform to the criteria in WDNR Conservation Practice Standard (1063) Sediment Trap.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Filter Fabric Barrier Criteria - See Figure 1 Inlet Protection
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
Inlet protection Type A devices
shall be utilized around inlets and unpaved areas until permanent stabilization methods have been established. Type A devices shall be utilized on inlets prior to installation of curb and gutter or pavement, and where safety considerations are not compromised on the site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
b.
Type B shall be utilized after the casting and grate are in place.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
c.
Type D
shall be utilized in areas where other types of inlet protection are identified as incompatible with roadway and traffic conditions, causing possible safety hazards when ponding occurs at the inlet. Type D shall only be used after castings are in place on top of the inlet boxes.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Type D inlet protection shall conform to the standard drawing as shown in the plans. There shall be a three-inch space between the bag and the sides of the inlet to prevent the inlet sides from blocking the overflow; and shall only be used in inlets deeper than 30 inches from the top of grate to bottom of the inlet. If such clearance is not available, cinch or tie the sides of the bag (with rope or ties) to provide clearance.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Criteria Applicable to the Post-Paving / Curbing Phase of Construction
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Inlet protection Types B, C, and D are applicable to post paving construction. See Figure 1 Inlet Protection.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
Type B shall be utilized on inlets without curb box.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
Type C shall be utilized on street inlets with curb heads. A 1
½
,
x 3
½
,
(37mm by 87 mm) minimum, piece of wood shall be wrapped and secured in the fabric and placed in front of the curb head as shown in the plans. The wood shall not block the entire opening of the curb box and be secured to the grate with wire or plastic ties.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
Type D
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
When site conditions allow, inlets should be temporarily closed or sealed to prevent entrance of runoff and sediment.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
The best way to prevent sediment from entering the storm sewer system is to stabilize the disturbed area of the site as quickly as possible, preventing erosion and stopping sediment transport at its source.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Storm drain inlet protection consists of several types of inlet filters and traps and should be considered as only one element in an overall erosion control plan. Each type differs in application with selection dependent upon site conditions and inlet type. Not all designs are appropriate in all cases. The user must carefully select a design suitable for the needs and site conditions.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Inlet protection is only as effective as the filter or barrier used around the inlet. Effectiveness decreases rapidly if the inlet protection is not properly maintained. In general, inlet protection provides relatively good removal of coarse and medium-sized soil particles from runoff however, most fine silt and clay particles will pass through the filtering mechanisms.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
Properly maintaining inlet protection can be difficult and often inlets can become clogged. Field experience has shown that inlet protection that causes excessive ponding in an area of high construction activity may become so inconvenient that it is simply removed or bypassed, thus transmitting sediment-laden flows unchecked. In such situations, a structure with an adequate overflow mechanism should be utilized instead of simply removing the inlet protection device.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F.
Inlet protection devices can be enhanced by additional excavation to increase the storage capacity around the inlet.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
G.
Good construction site housekeeping measures, such as keeping the gutters clean, and street sweeping are important.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII.
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Plans and specifications for installing inlet protection shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Location of inlet protection and type employed
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Material spec conforming to standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include schedule for installation, inspection, and maintenance. The responsible party shall be identified.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Remove inlet protection devices once the contributing drainage area is stabilized with appropriate vegetation or impervious area.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Inlet protection shall be at a minimum inspected weekly and within 24 hours after every precipitation event that produces 0.5 inches of rain or more during a 24-hour period.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Sediment deposits shall be removed and the inlet protection device restored to its original dimensions when the sediment has accumulated between 1/3 to 1/2 the design depth of the device, or when the device is no longer functioning as designed. Removed sediment shall be deposited in a suitable area and stabilized.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Due care shall be taken to ensure sediment does not fall into the inlet and impede the intended function of the device. Any material falling into the inlet shall be removed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX.
References
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
WisDOT "Erosion Control Product Acceptability List" is available online at:
http://www.dot.wisconsin.gov/business/engrserv/pal.htm
. Printed copies are no longer distributed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Turbidity Barrier
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1069 (09/05)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in X. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A temporary fabric barrier with very low permeability, installed in or near the bed of a waterway or waterbody to minimize sediment transport and is installed parallel to flow. Turbidity barrier cannot be installed perpendicular to a moving channel.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purposes
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The purpose of this practice is to provide sediment containment while construction activities are occurring in or directly adjacent to a waterway or waterbody.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This practice applies where construction activities intrude or are directly adjacent to a waterway or waterbody. This includes but is not limited to bridge construction, rip rap placement, utility work, streambank restoration, boat launches and dredging.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Use turbidity barriers in conditions with fine soils and flow velocities not exceeding 5 feet per second, unless additional reinforcement is installed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State, and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of turbidity barriers. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Installation – Details of construction not listed in the text shall conform to the pertinent requirements of Figures 1 and 2.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
The barrier shall be installed before construction activities are initiated in, or adjacent to the waterway or waterbody. Install the turbidity barrier as close to the construction as practical. The barrier shall remain in place and be maintained until the construction activity is completed and the disturbed area
stabilized
1
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
The ends of the barrier shall be securely anchored and keyed into the shoreline to fully enclose the area where sediment may enter the water.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Driven steel posts shall be used to hold the barrier in position. The maximum spacing between posts shall be 10 feet. When barrier height exceeds 8 feet, post spacing may need to be decreased.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
When bedrock prevents the installation of posts, float devices may be used. Flotation devices shall be flexible, buoyant units contained in an individual flotation sleeve or collar attached to the turbidity barrier. Use solid expanded polystyrene logs or equivalent having a 49 square inch minimum end area. Do not use polystyrene beads or chips. Buoyancy provided by the flotation devices shall be sufficient to support the weight of the turbidity barrier and maintain a freeboard of at least three inches above the water surface. Refer to Figure 1.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
The barrier and steel posts shall extend from the bottom of the waterway or waterbody to an elevation 2 feet above the anticipated high water level during the time of year and duration the barrier will be in place. The elevation shall not exceed the top of bank.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5.
Ballast shall be used to hold the barrier in a vertical position. Bottom load lines shall consist of a chain incorporated into the bottom hem of the screen, of sufficient weight to serve as ballast to hold the screen in a vertical position. Additional anchorage shall be provided if necessary.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
6.
Danger buoys shall be used as directed by the Coast Guard or DNR permit when working in navigable waters.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
7.
Turbidity barriers shall be installed parallel to the direction of flow and shall not be installed across channels.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Material
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Reusable components of the turbidity barrier system shall be clean and free of potential exotic species. Fabric cannot be reused.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Top load lines shall consist of 5/16 inch steel cable.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Fabric shall be selected according to the specifications in Table 1.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Table 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Source: WisDOT Spec 628.2.10.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
The 5 feet per second flow velocity specified in Section III can be the base flow of the stream or the base flow plus the addition of storm event runoff. Base flow can be used alone for short term projects (typically one day duration, i.e. culvert installation) when the chance of precipitation is low. Longer term projects (i.e. bridge work) should consider storm flow in addition to base flow (typically the two year event).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
If the current exceeds 5 feet per second, other methods to divert flow away from the turbidity barrier such as temporary concrete traffic barriers, coffer dams, pumping, or sheet piling should be considered.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Sediment that has been settled out by the turbidity barrier should only be removed if so directed by the regulatory authority because re-suspension of sediment will likely occur during the removal process. Use of polymers may help prevent resuspension of sediment. See WDNR Technical Standard 1051 Sediment Control Water Application of Polymers for further guidance.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Turbidity barriers are meant to manage sediment in the waterbody. The best way to prevent sediment from entering the waterbody is through the implementation of effective upland erosion control, stopping sediment transport at its source.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
Turbidity barriers should not be used to reduce the conveyance capacity of the channel. An example is use on bridge projects where the turbidity barrier is installed adjacent to each abutment simultaneously.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F.
Turbidity barriers may be installed on the banks of a waterway or waterbody if higher water levels are anticipated during construction.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII.
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Plans and specifications for installing a turbidity barrier shall be in keeping with this standard and attached detail drawing and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Location of turbidity barrier.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Material specification conforming to standard.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include schedule sequence or notes for installation, inspection, and maintenance. The responsible party shall be identified.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Turbidity barriers shall be inspected daily and repaired if necessary.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Turbidity barriers shall not be removed until the water behind the barrier has equal or greater clarity than the waterway or waterbody.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Care shall be taken when removing the barrier to minimize the release or re-suspension of accumulated sediment.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
To prevent the spread of exotic species turbidity barriers shall not be reused on other sites. Buoys and chains can be reused but shall be either disinfected with vinegar or cleaned with hot water greater than 104 deg. F then allowed to completely dry for a minimum period of five days. If there are any questions about the occurrence of zebra mussels, Eurasian water-milfoil, or other aquatic invasive species in a waterbody that you are working in, or intend to work in, contact your local DNR staff.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX.
References
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1WisDOT Facilities Development Manual: Chapter
10
, Section 10, Subject 45, Turbidity Barrier
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
X.
Definitions
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Stabilized
(V.A.1): Means that all land disturbing construction activities at the construction site have been completed, and that a uniform perennial vegetative cover has been established with a density of at least 70% of the cover for the unpaved areas and areas not covered by permanent structures, or that employ equivalent stabilization measures.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
(Figures are available on DNR website.)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Vegetative Buffer
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
For Construction Sites
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1054 (05/03)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in IX. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
An area of
dense
vegetation
1
intended to slow runoff and trap sediment. Vegetative Buffers are commonly referred to as filter or buffer strips.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purpose
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The purpose of this practice is to remove sediment in
sheet flow
by velocity reduction.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This practice applies to areas where sediment delivery is in the form of
sheet and rill erosion
from disturbed areas.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State, and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of a vegetative buffer. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Vegetative Buffer
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Disturbed Area
?
Direction of Flow
?
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
?
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Width
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
?
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
?———
Length
——————?
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
The vegetative buffer shall be located along the entire length of the down slope edge of the entire disturbed area for which the practice is being applied.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
The vegetative buffer shall be located on the contour.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
The width of the vegetative buffer shall have slopes less than 5%.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
The disturbed area draining to the vegetative buffer shall have slopes of 6% or less.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
The vegetative buffer shall have a minimum
width
of 25 feet. 25 feet is adequate for disturbed areas up to 125 feet upslope from the vegetative buffer. An additional one foot of width shall be added to the buffer for every 5 feet exceeding 125 feet upslope of the disturbed area draining to the vegetative buffer.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F.
To minimize compaction and destruction of the vegetative cover, designate the vegetative buffer as an area of no disturbance. Construction equipment shall be excluded from the designated area. Vegetative buffers shall be clearly shown on plans and marked in the field.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
G.
Vegetative buffers shall be densely vegetated prior to upslope soil disturbance.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Maintaining sheet flow is critical to the function of a vegetative buffer. In some conditions, a
level spreader
may need to be constructed at the upslope side of the vegetative buffer to minimize concentrated flow.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Vegetative buffers may require large land areas compared to other erosion control practices.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Trees should not be cut down to establish a vegetative buffer. Other erosion control measures are preferred.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII.
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Plans and specifications for vegetative buffers shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose. The plans and specifications shall address the following:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Location of vegetative buffer.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Limits and slopes of disturbed area and any additional contributory drainage area.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Dimensions and slope of vegetative buffer.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include schedule for installation, inspection, and maintenance. The responsible party shall be identified
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Vegetative buffers shall be inspected for proper distribution of flows, sediment accumulation and signs of rill formation. Vegetative buffers shall at a minimum be inspected weekly and within 24 hours after every precipitation event that produces 0.5 inches of rain or more during a 24-hour period.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
If the vegetative buffer becomes silt covered, contains rills, or is otherwise rendered ineffective, other perimeter sediment control measures shall be installed. Eroded areas shall be repaired and stabilized. Repair shall be completed as soon as possible with consideration to site conditions.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
A stand of dense vegetation shall be maintained to a height of 3–12 inches.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Prior to land disturbance the perimeter of vegetative buffers shall be flagged or fenced to prevent equipment from creating ruts, compacting the soil and to prevent damage to vegetation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX.
Definitions
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Dense vegetation
(I): is defined as an existing stand of 3–12 inch high grassy vegetation that uniformly covers at least 90 % of a representative 1 square yard plot. Woody vegetation shall not be counted for the 90% coverage. No more than 10% of the overall buffer can be comprised of woody vegetation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Level Spreader
(VI.A): Level spreaders disperse flows over a wide area, dissipating the energy of the runoff and creating sheet flow. Common types of level spreaders are weirs and stone trenches.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sheetflow
(II): Sheet flow is over plane surfaces, where runoff water flows in a thin uniform sheet across the land before it collects in a concentrated flow.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sheet and Rill Erosion
(III): Sheet and rill erosion is the removal of soil by the action of rainfall and shallow overland runoff. It is the first stage in water erosion. As flow becomes more concentrated rills occur. As soil detachment continues or flow increases,
rills
will become wider and deeper.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Width
(V.E): Is measured in the direction of flow.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
s.
SPS 321.16
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Frost-Protected Shallow Footings
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
In lieu of frost walls, the code recognizes frost-protected shallow foundations designed per ASCE 32, "Design and Construction of Frost-Protected Shallow Foundations". The department also recognizes the similar design standards of U.S.HUD "Design Guide for Frost-Protected Shallow Foundations", available for free download from
www.huduser.org/publications/destech/desguide.html
and summarized below. Consult it or the ASCE standard for full design and installation information, including a more flexible, detailed design method that should be used for heated buldings with attached, unheated garages.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note that both standards offer design methods for both heated and unheated buildings. For heated buildings, the designs rely upon containing the building's heat under the footings to avoid frost heaving. In the case of unheated buildings, the designs rely upon containing the earth's natural warmth under the footings and slab by the use of more extensive insulation. (For both design approaches, compliance with their frost-protection requirements is not necessarily the same as compliance with the ch.
SPS 322
Energy Conservation standards for slab-on-grade designs.)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Because the simplified heated building design methods rely upon buildings, including attached garages, with at least a 63 degree internal temperature, it is important the building designer consult with the owner regarding their intended use. Even if the initial owner plans to keep the building heated throughout the winter, future owners may use it otherwise. Therefore, the designer should be sure to communicate the operational needs of the building through means such as building placarding, notating the Rescheck Energy Report, and/or recording relevant information on the property deed.
Failure to do so may cause severe structural damage to the building if future owners do not keep the building heated.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Unheated Building Design
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Minimum Ground Insulation Requirements
1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 11 Also see s.
SPS 322.33
for additional slab-edge insulation requirements.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2 Units are degrees Fahrenheit. See estimate provided on Mean Annual Temperature Contour Map.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3 Air freezing index shall be based on maximum year expected for a 100-year return period. See estimate provided on AFI Contour Map.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4 Ground insulation to the building interior can be extended beneath the entire slab where it is desired to protect the entire slab from frost heave action.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5 Ground insulation to the building interior can be in one horizontal plane (as shown in the detail) and covered with non frost-susceptible fill or the insulation maybe placed directly beneath the slab.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
6 Insulation thickness recommendations are for extruded polystyrene (XPS) insulation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
7 The minimum depth of concrete footing and horizontal insulation is 10
?
. A 6
?
drainage layer is required under the insulation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
8 Insulation placed directly beneath the footing shall be Type IV or Type VI XPS in accordance with ASTM C578. Maximum deadload placed on the Type IV insulation shall be 1200 pounds/square foot. Maximum deadload placed on Type VI shall be 1900 psf.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Heated Building Design
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Minimum Insulation Requirements for Frost-Protected Footings in Heated Buildings
1
(Simplified Method) - See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1 Insulation requirements are for protection against frost damage in heated buildings. Greater values may be required to meet energy conservation standards. Interpolation between values is permissible.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2 See AFI Contour Map for Air Freezing Index values.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3 Insulation materials shall provide the stated minimum R-values under long-term exposure to moist, below-ground conditions in freezing climates. The following R-values shall be used to determine insulation thicknesses required for this application: Type II expanded polystyrene - 2.4R per inch; Types IV, V, VI, VII extruded polystyrene - 4.5R per inch; Type IX expanded polystyrene - 3.2R per inch. NR indicates that insulation is not required.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4 Vertical insulation shall be expanded polystyrene insulation or extruded polystyrene insulation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5 Horizontal insulation shall be extruded polystyrene insulation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
SPS 323.02 (1) Outdoor Design Temperatures
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Use the Design Value tables following the Span Tables to determine the acceptable species and grades to satisfy minimum Fb values obtained from the Span Tables. The Design Value tables assume at least three members spaced no more than 24
?
on center. Use the Normal Duration column Fb values for joists and the Snow Loading column Fb values for rafters.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
See the following examples for further guidance.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
*Deflection criteria are optional. For roof rafters with drywall on the underside, use the stricter L/240 tables to limit deflection.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Example 1. Floor Joists.
Assume a required single span of 12
`
-9
?
, dead load of 10 psf and joists spaced 16
?
on center. Table F-2 (see following highlighted tables) shows that one solution is a grade of 2x8 having an Fb value of 1255 would allow a span of 12
`
-10
?
which satisfies the condition. (Note that the recommended E value to limit deflection would be 1,600,000.) Going to the Design Value Tables, we find that as an example, 2x8 Hem Fir grade No.1 has an Fb value of 1310 for normal duration. (It also has an E value of 1,500,000 which does not satisfy the recommended deflection criteria.)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Example 2. Rafters.
Assume a horizontal projected span of 13
`
-0
?
, a live load of 40 psf, dead load of 10 psf, a roof slope of 4/12 and rafters spaced 16
?
on center. Since the slope is shallower than 7/12, there is no allowable reduction of the snow live load. Table R-3 shows that a 2x8 having an Fb value of 1300 would allow a span of 13
`
-1
?
which satisfies the condition. (Note that the recommended E value to limit deflection would be 1,120,000.) Going to the Design Value Tables, we find that as an example, 2x8 Douglas Fir-Larch grade No.2 has an Fb value of 1390 for snow loading. (It also has an E value of 1,600,000 which satisfies the recommended deflection criteria.)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
TABLE F- 2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
FLOOR JOISTS WITH L/360 DEFLECTION LIMITS
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
DESIGN CRITERIA:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Deflection - For 40 psf live load.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Limited to span in inches divided by 360.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Strength - Live load of 40 psf plus dead load
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
of 10 psf determines the required bending design value.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Joist
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Size
Spacing
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
(in)
(in)
Modulus of Elasticity, E, in 1,000,000 psi
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
8- 6
8-10
9- 2
9- 6
9- 9
10- 0
10- 3
10- 6
10- 9
10-11
11- 2
11- 4
11- 7
11- 9
11-11
12- 1
12- 3
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
7- 9
8- 0
8- 4
8- 7
8-10
9- 1
9- 4
9- 6
9- 9
9-11
10- 2
10- 4
10- 6
10- 8
10-10
11- 0
11- 2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x 6
19.2
7- 3
7- 7
7-10
8- 1
8- 4
8- 7
8- 9
9- 0
9- 2
9- 4
9- 6
9- 8
9-10
10- 0
10- 2
10- 4
10- 6
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
6- 9
7- 0
7- 3
7- 6
7- 9
7-11
8- 2
8- 4
8- 6
8- 8
8-10
9- 0
9- 2
9- 4
9- 6
9- 7
9- 9
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
11- 3
11- 8
12- 1
12- 6
12-10
13- 2
13- 6
13-10
14- 2
14- 5
14- 8
15- 0
15- 3
15- 6
15- 9
15-11
16- 2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
10- 2
10- 7
11- 0
11- 4
11- 8
12- 0
12- 3
12- 7
12-10
13- 1
13- 4
13- 7
13-10
14- 1
14- 3
14- 6
14- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x 8
19.2
9- 7
10- 0
10- 4
10- 8
11- 0
11- 3
11- 7
11-10
12- 1
12- 4
12- 7
12-10
13- 0
13- 3
13- 5
13- 8
13-10
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
8-11
9- 3
9- 7
9-11
10- 2
10- 6
10- 9
11- 0
11- 3
11- 5
11- 8
11-11
12- 1
12- 3
12- 6
12- 8
12-10
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
14- 4
14-11
15- 5
15-11
16- 5
16-10
17- 3
17- 8
18- 0
18- 5
18- 9
19- 1
19- 5
19- 9
20- 1
20- 4
20- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
13- 0
13- 6
14- 0
14- 6
14-11
15- 3
15- 8
16- 0
16- 5
16- 9
17- 0
17- 4
17- 8
17-11
18- 3
18- 6
18- 9
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x10
19.2
12- 3
12- 9
13- 2
13- 7
14- 0
14- 5
14- 9
15- 1
15- 5
15- 9
16- 0
16- 4
16- 7
16-11
17- 2
17- 5
17- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
11- 4
11-10
12- 3
12- 8
13- 0
13- 4
13- 8
14- 0
14- 4
14- 7
14-11
15- 2
15- 5
15- 8
15-11
16- 2
16- 5
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
17- 5
18- 1
18- 9
19- 4
19-11
20- 6
21- 0
21- 6
21-11
22- 5
22-10
23- 3
23- 7
24- 0
24- 5
24- 9
25- 1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
15-10
16- 5
17- 0
17- 7
18- 1
18- 7
19- 1
19- 6
19-11
20- 4
20- 9
21- 1
21- 6
21-10
22- 2
22- 6
22-10
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x12
19.2
14-11
15- 6
16- 0
16- 7
17- 0
17- 6
17-11
18- 4
18- 9
19- 2
19- 6
19-10
20- 2
20- 6
20-10
21- 2
21- 6
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
13-10
14- 4
14-11
15- 4
15-10
16- 3
16- 8
17- 0
17- 5
17- 9
18- 1
18- 5
18- 9
19- 1
19- 4
19- 8
19-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F
b
12.0
718
777
833
888
941
993
1043
1092
1140
1187
1233
1278
1323
1367
1410
1452
1494
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F
b
16.0
790
855
917
977
1036
1093
1148
1202
1255
1306
1357
1407
1456
1504
1551
1598
1644
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F
b
19.2
840
909
975
1039
1101
1161
1220
1277
1333
1388
1442
1495
1547
1598
1649
1698
1747
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F
b
24.0
905
979
1050
1119
1186
1251
1314
1376
1436
1496
1554
1611
1667
1722
1776
1829
1882
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The required bending design value, F
b
, in pounds per square inch is shown at the bottom of each table and is applicable to all lumber sizes shown. Spans are shown in feet-inches and are limited to 26
`
and less. Check sources of supply for availability of lumber in lengths greater than 20
`
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
TABLE C-1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
CEILING JOISTS WITH L/240 DEFLECTION LIMITS
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
DESIGN CRITERIA:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Deflection - For 10 psf live load.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Limited to span in inches divided by 240.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Strength - Live Load of 10 psf plus
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
dead load of 5 psf determines the required fiber stress value.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Joist
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Size
Spacing
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
(in)
(in)
Modulus of Elasticity, E, in 1,000,000 psi
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
9-10
10- 3
10- 7
10-11
11- 3
11- 7
11-10
12- 2
12- 5
12- 8
12-11
13- 2
13- 4
13- 7
13- 9
14- 0
14- 2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
8-11
9- 4
9- 8
9-11
10- 3
10- 6
10- 9
11- 0
11- 3
11- 6
11- 9
11-11
12- 2
12- 4
12- 6
12- 9
12-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x 4
19.2
8- 5
8- 9
9- 1
9- 4
9- 8
9-11
10- 2
10- 4
10- 7
10-10
11- 0
11- 3
11- 5
11- 7
11- 9
12- 0
12- 2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
7-10
8- 1
8- 5
8- 8
8-11
9- 2
9- 5
9- 8
9-10
10- 0
10- 3
10- 5
10- 7
10- 9
10-11
11- 1
11- 3
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
15- 6
16- 1
16- 8
17- 2
17- 8
18- 2
18- 8
19- 1
19- 6
19-11
20- 3
20- 8
21- 0
21- 4
21- 8
22- 0
22- 4
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
14- 1
14- 7
15- 2
15- 7
16- 1
16- 6
16-11
17- 4
17- 8
18- 1
18- 5
18- 9
19- 1
19- 5
19- 8
20- 0
20- 3
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x 6
19.2
13- 3
13- 9
14- 3
14- 8
15- 2
15- 7
15-11
16- 4
16- 8
17- 0
17- 4
17- 8
17-11
18- 3
18- 6
18-10
19- 1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
12- 3
12- 9
13- 3
13- 8
14- 1
14- 5
14- 9
15- 2
15- 6
15- 9
16- 1
16- 4
16- 8
16-11
17- 2
17- 5
17- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
20- 5
21- 2
21-11
22- 8
23- 4
24- 0
24- 7
25- 2
25- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
18- 6
19- 3
19-11
20- 7
21- 2
21- 9
22- 4
22-10
23- 4
23-10
24- 3
24- 8
25- 2
25- 7
25-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x 8
19.2
17- 5
18- 1
18- 9
19- 5
19-11
20- 6
21- 0
21- 6
21-11
22- 5
22-10
23- 3
23- 8
24- 0
24- 5
24- 9
25- 2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
16- 2
16-10
17- 5
18- 0
18- 6
19- 0
19- 6
19-11
20- 5
20-10
21- 2
21- 7
21-11
22- 4
22- 8
23- 0
23- 4
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
26- 0
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
23- 8
24- 7
25- 5
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x10
19.2
22- 3
23- 1
23-11
24- 9
25- 5
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
20- 8
21- 6
22- 3
22-11
23- 8
24- 3
24-10
25- 5
26- 0
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F
b
12.0
711
769
825
880
932
983
1033
1082
1129
1176
1221
1266
1310
1354
1396
1438
1480
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F
b
16.0
783
847
909
968
1026
1082
1137
1191
1243
1294
1344
1394
1442
1490
1537
1583
1629
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F
b
19.2
832
900
965
1029
1090
1150
1208
1265
1321
1375
1429
1481
1533
1583
1633
1682
1731
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F
b
24.0
896
969
1040
1108
1174
1239
1302
1363
1423
1481
1539
1595
1651
1706
1759
1812
1864
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The required bending design value, F
b
, in pounds per square inch is shown at the bottom of each table and is applicable to all lumber sizes shown. Spans are shown in feet-inches and are limited to 26
`
and less. Check sources of supply for availability of lumber in lengths greater than 20
`
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
TABLE C-2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
CEILING JOISTS WITH L/240 DEFLECTION LIMITS
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
DESIGN CRITERIA:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Deflection - For 20 psf live load.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Limited to span in inches divided by 240.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Strength - Live Load of 20 psf plus
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
dead load of 10 psf determines the required bending design value.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Size
Spacing
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
(in)
(in)
Joist Modulus of Elasticity, E, in 1,000,000 psi
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
7-10
8- 1
8- 5
8- 8
8-11
9- 2
9- 5
9- 8
9-10
10- 0
10- 3
10- 5
10- 7
10- 9
10-11
11- 1
11- 3
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
7- 1
7- 5
7- 8
7-11
8- 1
8- 4
8- 7
8- 9
8-11
9- 1
9- 4
9- 6
9- 8
9- 9
9-11
10- 1
10- 3
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x 4
19.2
6- 8
6-11
7- 2
7- 5
7- 8
7-10
8- 1
8- 3
8- 5
8- 7
8- 9
8-11
9- 1
9- 3
9- 4
9- 6
9- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
6- 2
6- 5
6- 8
6-11
7- 1
7- 3
7- 6
7- 8
7-10
8- 0
8- 1
8- 3
8- 5
8- 7
8- 8
8-10
8-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
12- 3
12- 9
13- 3
13- 8
14- 1
14- 5
14- 9
15- 2
15- 6
15- 9
16- 1
16- 4
16- 8
16-11
17- 2
17- 5
17- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
11- 2
11- 7
12- 0
12- 5
12- 9
13- 1
13- 5
13- 9
14- 1
14- 4
14- 7
14-11
15- 2
15- 5
15- 7
15-10
16- 1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x 6
19.2
10- 6
10-11
11- 4
11- 8
12- 0
12- 4
12- 8
12-11
13- 3
13- 6
13- 9
14- 0
14- 3
14- 6
14- 8
14-11
15- 2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
9- 9
10- 2
10- 6
10-10
11- 2
11- 5
11- 9
12- 0
12- 3
12- 6
12- 9
13- 0
13- 3
13- 5
13- 8
13-10
14- 1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
16- 2
16-10
17- 5
18- 0
18- 6
19- 0
19- 6
19-11
20- 5
20-10
21- 2
21- 7
21-11
22- 4
22- 8
23- 0
23- 4
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
14- 8
15- 3
15-10
16- 4
16-10
17- 3
17- 9
18- 1
18- 6
18-11
19- 3
19- 7
19-11
20- 3
20- 7
20-11
21- 2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x 8
19.2
13-10
14- 5
14-11
15- 5
15-10
16- 3
16- 8
17- 1
17- 5
17- 9
18- 1
18- 5
18- 9
19- 1
19- 5
19- 8
19-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
12-10
13- 4
13-10
14- 3
14- 8
15- 1
15- 6
15-10
16- 2
16- 6
16-10
17- 2
17- 5
17- 9
18- 0
18- 3
18- 6
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
20- 8
21- 6
22- 3
22-11
23- 8
24- 3
24-10
25- 5
26- 0
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
18- 9
19- 6
20- 2
20-10
21- 6
22- 1
22- 7
23- 1
23- 8
24- 1
24- 7
25- 0
25- 5
25-10
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x10
19.2
17- 8
18- 4
19- 0
19- 7
20- 2
20- 9
21- 3
21- 9
22- 3
22- 8
23- 1
23- 7
23-11
24- 4
24- 9
25- 1
25- 5
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
16- 5
17- 0
17- 8
18- 3
18- 9
19- 3
19- 9
20- 2
20- 8
21- 1
21- 6
21-10
22- 3
22- 7
22-11
23- 4
23- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F
b
12.0
896
969
1040
1108
1174
1239
1302
1363
1423
1481
1539
1595
1651
1706
1759
1812
1864
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F
b
16.0
986
1067
1145
1220
1293
1364
1433
1500
1566
1631
1694
1756
1817
1877
1936
1995
2052
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F
b
19.2
1048
1134
1216
1296
1374
1449
1522
1594
1664
1733
1800
1866
1931
1995
2058
2120
2181
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F
b
24.0
1129
1221
1310
1396
1480
1561
1640
1717
1793
1866
1939
2010
2080
2149
2217
2283
2349
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The required bending design value, F
b
, in pounds per square inch is shown at the bottom of each table and is applicable to all lumber sizes shown. Spans are shown in feet-inches and are limited to 26
`
and less. Check sources of supply for availability of lumber in lengths greater than 20
`
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
TABLE R-2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
RAFTERS WITH L/240 DEFLECTION LIMITATION
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
DESIGN CRITERIA:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Strength - Live Load of 30 psf plus
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Dead Load of 10 psf determines the required bending design value.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Deflection - For 30 psf live load.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Limited to span in inches divided by 240.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Size
Spacing
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
(in)
(in)
Rafter Bending Design Value, F
b
, (psi)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
6- 2
7- 1
7-11
8- 8
9- 5
10- 0
10- 8
11- 3
11- 9
12- 4
12-10
13- 3
13- 9
14- 2
14- 8
15- 1
15- 6
15-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
5- 4
6- 2
6-10
7- 6
8- 2
8- 8
9- 3
9- 9
10- 2
10- 8
11- 1
11- 6
11-11
12- 4
12- 8
13- 1
13- 5
13- 9
14- 1
14- 5
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x 6
19.2
4-10
5- 7
6- 3
6-10
7- 5
7-11
8- 5
8-11
9- 4
9- 9
10- 1
10- 6
10-10
11- 3
11- 7
11-11
12- 3
12- 7
12-10
13- 2
13- 6
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
4- 4
5- 0
5- 7
6- 2
6- 8
7- 1
7- 6
7-11
8- 4
8- 8
9- 1
9- 5
9- 9
10- 0
10- 4
10- 8
10-11
11- 3
11- 6
11- 9
12- 0
12- 4
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
8- 1
9- 4
10- 6
11- 6
12- 5
13- 3
14- 0
14-10
15- 6
16- 3
16-10
17- 6
18- 1
18- 9
19- 4
19-10
20- 5
20-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
7- 0
8- 1
9- 1
9-11
10- 9
11- 6
12- 2
12-10
13- 5
14- 0
14- 7
15- 2
15- 8
16- 3
16- 9
17- 2
17- 8
18- 1
18- 7
19- 0
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x 8
19.2
6- 5
7- 5
8- 3
9- 1
9- 9
10- 6
11- 1
11- 8
12- 3
12-10
13- 4
13-10
14- 4
14-10
15- 3
15- 8
16- 2
16- 7
16-11
17- 4
17- 9
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
5- 9
6- 7
7- 5
8- 1
8- 9
9- 4
9-11
10- 6
11- 0
11- 6
11-11
12- 5
12-10
13- 3
13- 8
14- 0
14- 5
14-10
15- 2
15- 6
15-10
16- 3
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
10- 4
11-11
13- 4
14- 8
15-10
16-11
17-11
18-11
19-10
20- 8
21- 6
22- 4
23- 1
23-11
24- 7
25- 4
26- 0
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
8-11
10- 4
11- 7
12- 8
13- 8
14- 8
15- 6
16- 4
17- 2
17-11
18- 8
19- 4
20- 0
20- 8
21- 4
21-11
22- 6
23- 1
23- 8
24- 3
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x10
19.2
8- 2
9- 5
10- 7
11- 7
12- 6
13- 4
14- 2
14-11
15- 8
16- 4
17- 0
17- 8
18- 3
18-11
19- 6
20- 0
20- 7
21- 1
21- 8
22- 2
22- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
7- 4
8- 5
9- 5
10- 4
11- 2
11-11
12- 8
13- 4
14- 0
14- 8
15- 3
15-10
16- 4
16-11
17- 5
17-11
18- 5
18-11
19- 4
19-10
20- 3
20- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
12- 7
14- 6
16- 3
17- 9
19- 3
20- 6
21- 9
23- 0
24- 1
25- 2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
10-11
12- 7
14- 1
15- 5
16- 8
17- 9
18-10
19-11
20-10
21- 9
22- 8
23- 6
24- 4
25- 2
25-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x12
19.2
9-11
11- 6
12-10
14- 1
15- 2
16- 3
17- 3
18- 2
19- 0
19-11
20- 8
21- 6
22- 3
23- 0
23- 8
24- 4
25- 0
25- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
8-11
10- 3
11- 6
12- 7
13- 7
14- 6
15- 5
16- 3
17- 0
17- 9
18- 6
19- 3
19-11
20- 6
21- 2
21- 9
22- 5
23- 0
23- 6
24- 1
24- 8
25- 2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E
12.0
0.15
0.23
0.32
0.43
0.54
0.66
0.78
0.92
1.06
1.21
1.36
1.52
1.69
1.86
2.04
2.22
2.41
2.60
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E
16.0
0.13
0.20
0.28
0.37
0.47
0.57
0.68
0.80
0.92
1.05
1.18
1.32
1.46
1.61
1.76
1.92
2.08
2.25
2.42
2.60
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E
19.2
0.12
0.18
0.26
0.34
0.43
0.52
0.62
0.73
0.84
0.95
1.08
1.20
1.33
1.47
1.61
1.75
1.90
2.05
2.21
2.37
2.53
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E
24.0
0.11
0.16
0.23
0.30
0.38
0.46
0.55
0.65
0.75
0.85
0.96
1.08
1.19
1.31
1.44
1.57
1.70
1.84
1.98
2.12
2.27
2.41
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The required modulus of elasticity, E, in 1,000,000 pounds per square inch is shown at the bottom of each table, is limited to 2.6 million psi and less, and is applicable to all lumber sizes shown. Spans are shown in feet-inches and are limited to 26
`
and less. Check sources of supply for availability of lumber in lengths greater than 20
`
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
TABLE R-3
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
RAFTERS WITH L/240 DEFLECTION LIMITATION
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
DESIGN CRITERIA:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Strength - Live Load of 40 psf plus
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Dead Load of 10 psf determines the required bending design value.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Deflection - For 40 psf live load.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Limited to span in inches divided by 240.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Size
Spacing
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
(in)
(in)
Rafter Bending Design Value, F
b
, (psi)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
5- 6
6- 4
7- 1
7- 9
8- 5
9- 0
9- 6
10- 0
10- 6
11- 0
11- 5
11-11
12- 4
12- 8
13- 1
13- 6
13-10
14- 2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
4- 9
5- 6
6- 2
6- 9
7- 3
7- 9
8- 3
8- 8
9- 1
9- 6
9-11
10- 3
10- 8
11- 0
11- 4
11- 8
12- 0
12- 4
12- 7
12-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x 6
19.2
4- 4
5- 0
5- 7
6- 2
6- 8
7- 1
7- 6
7-11
8- 4
8- 8
9- 1
9- 5
9- 9
10- 0
10- 4
10- 8
10-11
11- 3
11- 6
11- 9
12- 0
12- 4
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
3-11
4- 6
5- 0
5- 6
5-11
6- 4
6- 9
7- 1
7- 5
7- 9
8- 1
8- 5
8- 8
9- 0
9- 3
9- 6
9- 9
10- 0
10- 3
10- 6
10- 9
11- 0
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
7- 3
8- 4
9- 4
10- 3
11- 1
11-10
12- 7
13- 3
13-11
14- 6
15- 1
15- 8
16- 3
16- 9
17- 3
17- 9
18- 3
18- 9
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
6- 3
7- 3
8- 1
8-11
9- 7
10- 3
10-10
11- 6
12- 0
12- 7
13- 1
13- 7
14- 0
14- 6
14-11
15- 5
15-10
16- 3
16- 7
17- 0
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x 8
19.2
5- 9
6- 7
7- 5
8- 1
8- 9
9- 4
9-11
10- 6
11- 0
11- 6
11-11
12- 5
12-10
13- 3
13- 8
14- 0
14- 5
14-10
15- 2
15- 6
15-10
16- 3
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
5- 2
5-11
6- 7
7- 3
7-10
8- 4
8-11
9- 4
9-10
10- 3
10- 8
11- 1
11- 6
11-10
12- 2
12- 7
12-11
13- 3
13- 7
13-11
14- 2
14- 6
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
9- 3
10- 8
11-11
13- 1
14- 2
15- 1
16- 0
16-11
17- 9
18- 6
19- 3
20- 0
20- 8
21- 4
22- 0
22- 8
23- 3
23-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
8- 0
9- 3
10- 4
11- 4
12- 3
13- 1
13-10
14- 8
15- 4
16- 0
16- 8
17- 4
17-11
18- 6
19- 1
19- 7
20- 2
20- 8
21- 2
21- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x10
19.2
7- 4
8- 5
9- 5
10- 4
11- 2
11-11
12- 8
13- 4
14- 0
14- 8
15- 3
15-10
16- 4
16-11
17- 5
17-11
18- 5
18-11
19- 4
19-10
20- 3
20- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
6- 6
7- 7
8- 5
9- 3
10- 0
10- 8
11- 4
11-11
12- 6
13- 1
13- 7
14- 2
14- 8
15- 1
15- 7
16- 0
16- 6
16-11
17- 4
17- 9
18- 1
18- 6
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
11- 3
13- 0
14- 6
15-11
17- 2
18- 4
19- 6
20- 6
21- 7
22- 6
23- 5
24- 4
25- 2
26- 0
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
9- 9
11- 3
12- 7
13- 9
14-11
15-11
16-10
17- 9
18- 8
19- 6
20- 3
21- 1
21- 9
22- 6
23- 2
23-10
24- 6
25- 2
25- 9
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x12
19.2
8-11
10- 3
11- 6
12- 7
13- 7
14- 6
15- 5
16- 3
17- 0
17- 9
18- 6
19- 3
19-11
20- 6
21- 2
21- 9
22- 5
23- 0
23- 6
24- 1
24- 8
25- 2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
7-11
9- 2
10- 3
11- 3
12- 2
13- 0
13- 9
14- 6
15- 3
15-11
16- 7
17- 2
17- 9
18- 4
18-11
19- 6
20- 0
20- 6
21- 1
21- 7
22- 0
22- 6
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E
12.0
0.14
0.22
0.31
0.41
0.51
0.63
0.75
0.88
1.01
1.15
1.30
1.45
1.61
1.77
1.94
2.12
2.30
2.48
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E
16.0
0.12
0.19
0.27
0.35
0.44
0.54
0.65
0.76
0.88
1.00
1.12
1.26
1.39
1.54
1.68
1.83
1.99
2.15
2.31
2.48
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E
19.2
0.11
0.18
0.24
0.32
0.41
0.50
0.59
0.69
0.80
0.91
1.03
1.15
1.27
1.40
1.54
1.67
1.81
1.96
2.11
2.26
2.42
2.58
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E
24.0
0.10
0.16
0.22
0.29
0.36
0.44
0.53
0.62
0.71
0.81
0.92
1.03
1.14
1.25
1.37
1.50
1.62
1.75
1.89
2.02
2.16
2.30
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The required modulus of elasticity, E, in 1,000,000 pounds per square inch is shown at the bottom of each table, is limited to 2.6 million psi and less, and is applicable to all lumber sizes shown. Spans are shown in feet-inches and are limited to 26
`
and less. Check sources of supply for availability of lumber in lengths greater than 20
`
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
TABLE R-10
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
RAFTERS WITH L/240 DEFLECTION LIMITATION
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
DESIGN CRITERIA
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Strength - Live Load of 30 psf plus
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Dead Load of 20 psf determines the required bending design value
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Deflection - For 30 psf live load.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Limited to span in inches divided by 240.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Size
Spacing
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
(in)
(in)
Rafter Bending Design Value, F
b
, (psi)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
5- 6
6- 4
7- 1
7- 9
8- 5
9- 0
9- 6
10- 0
10- 6
11- 0
11- 5
11-11
12- 4
12- 8
13- 1
13- 6
13-10
14- 2
14- 7
14-11
15- 3
15- 7
15-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
4- 9
5- 6
6- 2
6- 9
7- 3
7- 9
8- 3
8- 8
9- 1
9- 6
9-11
10- 3
10- 8
11- 0
11- 4
11- 8
12- 0
12- 4
12- 7
12-11
13- 2
13- 6
13- 9
14- 0
14- 3
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x 6
19.2
4- 4
5- 0
5- 7
6- 2
6- 8
7- 1
7- 6
7-11
8- 4
8- 8
9- 1
9- 5
9- 9
10- 0
10- 4
10- 8
10-11
11- 3
11- 6
11- 9
12- 0
12- 4
12- 7
12-10
13- 1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
3-11
4- 6
5- 0
5- 6
5-11
6- 4
6- 9
7- 1
7- 5
7- 9
8- 1
8- 5
8- 8
9- 0
9- 3
9- 6
9- 9
10- 0
10- 3
10- 6
10- 9
11- 0
11- 3
11- 5
11- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
7- 3
8- 4
9- 4
10- 3
11- 1
11-10
12- 7
13- 3
13-11
14- 6
15- 1
15- 8
16- 3
16- 9
17- 3
17- 9
18- 3
18- 9
19- 2
19- 8
20- 1
20- 6
20-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
6- 3
7- 3
8- 1
8-11
9- 7
10- 3
10-10
11- 6
12- 0
12- 7
13- 1
13- 7
14- 0
14- 6
14-11
15- 5
15-10
16- 3
16- 7
17- 0
17- 5
17- 9
18- 1
18- 6
18-10
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x 8
19.2
5- 9
6- 7
7- 5
8- 1
8- 9
9- 4
9-11
10- 6
11- 0
11- 6
11-11
12- 5
12-10
13- 3
13- 8
14- 0
14- 5
14-10
15- 2
15- 6
15-10
16- 3
16- 7
16-10
17- 2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
5- 2
5-11
6- 7
7- 3
7-10
8- 4
8-11
9- 4
9-10
10- 3
10- 8
11- 1
11- 6
11-10
12- 2
12- 7
12-11
13- 3
13- 7
13-11
14- 2
14- 6
14-10
15- 1
15- 5
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
9- 3
10- 8
11-11
13- 1
14- 2
15- 1
16- 0
16-11
17- 9
18- 6
19- 3
20- 0
20- 8
21- 4
22- 0
22- 8
23- 3
23-11
24- 6
25- 1
25- 7
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
8- 0
9- 3
10- 4
11- 4
12- 3
13- 1
13-10
14- 8
15- 4
16- 0
16- 8
17- 4
17-11
18- 6
19- 1
19- 7
20- 2
20- 8
21- 2
21- 8
22- 2
22- 8
23- 1
23- 7
24- 0
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x10
19.2
7- 4
8- 5
9- 5
10- 4
11- 2
11-11
12- 8
13- 4
14- 0
14- 8
15- 3
15-10
16- 4
16-11
17- 5
17-11
18- 5
18-11
19- 4
19-10
20- 3
20- 8
21- 1
21- 6
21-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
6- 6
7- 7
8- 5
9- 3
10- 0
10- 8
11- 4
11-11
12- 6
13- 1
13- 7
14- 2
14- 8
15- 1
15- 7
16- 0
16- 6
16-11
17- 4
17- 9
18- 1
18- 6
18-11
19- 3
19- 7
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
12.0
11- 3
13- 0
14- 6
15-11
17- 2
18- 4
19- 6
20- 6
21- 7
22- 6
23- 5
24- 4
25- 2
26- 0
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
16.0
9- 9
11- 3
12- 7
13- 9
14-11
15-11
16-10
17- 9
18- 8
19- 6
20- 3
21- 1
21- 9
22- 6
23- 2
23-10
24- 6
25- 2
25- 9
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2x12
19.2
8-11
10- 3
11- 6
12- 7
13- 7
14- 6
15- 5
16- 3
17- 0
17- 9
18- 6
19- 3
19-11
20- 6
21- 2
21- 9
22- 5
23- 0
23- 6
24- 1
24- 8
25- 2
25- 8
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
24.0
7-11
9- 2
10- 3
11- 3
12- 2
13- 0
13- 9
14- 6
15- 3
15-11
16- 7
17- 2
17- 9
18- 4
18-11
19- 6
20- 0
20- 6
21- 1
21- 7
22- 0
22- 6
23- 0
23- 5
23-10
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E
12.0
0.11
0.17
0.23
0.31
0.38
0.47
0.56
0.66
0.76
0.86
0.97
1.09
1.21
1.33
1.46
1.59
1.72
1.86
2.00
2.14
2.29
2.44
2.60
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E
16.0
0.09
0.14
0.20
0.26
0.33
0.41
0.49
0.57
0.66
0.75
0.84
0.94
1.05
1.15
1.26
1.37
1.49
1.61
1.73
1.86
1.99
2.12
2.25
2.39
2.53
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E
19.2
0.09
0.13
0.18
0.24
0.30
0.37
0.44
0.52
0.60
0.68
0.77
0.86
0.95
1.05
1.15
1.25
1.36
1.47
1.58
1.70
1.81
1.93
2.05
2.18
2.31
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E
24.0
0.08
0.12
0.16
0.22
0.27
0.33
0.40
0.46
0.54
0.61
0.69
0.77
0.85
0.94
1.03
1.12
1.22
1.31
1.41
1.52
1.62
1.73
1.84
1.95
2.06
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The required modulus of elasticity, E, in 1,000,000 pounds per square inch is shown at the bottom of each table, is limited to 2.6 million psi and less, and is applicable to all lumber sizes shown. Spans are shown in feet-inches and are limited to 26
`
and less. Check sources of supply for availability of lumber in lengths greater than 20
`
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
TABLE R-11
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
RAFTERS WITH L/240 DEFLECTION LIMITATION
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
DESIGN CRITERIA:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Strength - Live Load of 40 psf plus
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Dead Load of 20 psf determines the required bending design value.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Deflection - For 40 psf live load.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Limited to span in inches divided by 240.
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The required modulus of elasticity, E, in 1,000,000 pounds per square inch is shown at the bottom of each table, is limited to 2.6 million psi and less, and is applicable to all lumber sizes shown. Spans are shown in feet-inches and are limited to 26
`
and less. Check sources of supply for availability of lumber in lengths greater than 20
`
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
TABLE R-14
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
RAFTERS WITH L/180 DEFLECTION LIMITATION
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
DESIGN CRITERIA:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Strength - Live Load of 30 psf plus
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Dead Load of 10 psf determines the required bending design value.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Deflection - For 30 psf live load.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Limited to span in inches divided by 180.
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The required modulus of elasticity, E, in 1,000,000 pounds per square inch is shown at the bottom of each table, is limited to 2.6 million psi and less, and is applicable to all lumber sizes shown. Spans are shown in feet-inches and are limited to 26
`
and less. Check sources of supply for availability of lumber in lengths greater than 20
`
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
TABLE R-15
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
RAFTERS WITH L/180 DEFLECTION LIMITATION
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
DESIGN CRITERIA:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Strength - Live Load of 40 psf plus
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Dead Load of 10 psf determines the required bending design value.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Deflection - For 40 psf live load.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Limited to span in inches divided by 180.
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The required modulus of elasticity, E, in 1,000,000 pounds per square inch is shown at the bottom of each table, is limited to 2.6 million psi and less, and is applicable to all lumber sizes shown. Spans are shown in feet-inches and are limited to 26
`
and less. Check sources of supply for availability of lumber in lengths greater than 20
`
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
TABLE R-22
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
RAFTERS WITH L/180 DEFLECTION LIMITATION
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
DESIGN CRITERIA:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Strength - Live Load of 30 psf plus
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Dead Load of 20 psf determines the required bending design value.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Deflection - For 30 psf live load.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Limited to span in inches divided by 180.
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The required modulus of elasticity, E, in 1,000,000 pounds per square inch is shown at the bottom of each table, is limited to 2.6 million psi and less, and is applicable to all lumber sizes shown. Spans are shown in feet-inches and are limited to 26
`
and less. Check sources of supply for availability of lumber in lengths greater than 20
`
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
TABLE R-23
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
RAFTERS WITH L/180 DEFLECTION LIMITATION
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
DESIGN CRITERIA:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Strength - Live Load of 40 psf plus
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Dead Load of 20 psf determines the required bending design value.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Deflection - For 40 psf live load.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Limited to span in inches divided by 180.
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The required modulus of elasticity, E, in 1,000,000 pounds per square inch is shown at the bottom of each table, is limited to 2.6 million psi and less, and is applicable to all lumber sizes shown. Spans are shown in feet-inches and are limited to 26
`
and less. Check sources of supply for availability of lumber in lengths greater than 20
`
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Design Values for Joists and Rafters
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
These "Fb" values are for use where repetitive members are spaced not more than 24 inches. Values for surfaced dry or surfaced green lumber apply at 19% maximum moisture content in use.
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for table
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
321.125 (3) CONTROL STANDARDS
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The following are designs acceptable by the department to achieve compliance with the control standards of acceptable soil loss or percent reduction of sediment load in runoff from a site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Less than one acre disturbance (regardless of the lot or property size).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A. Mandated practices:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1. A method to prevent or reduce soil from leaving a site via entries or roads
.
This may include a tracking pad or tire washing stand designed and installed to meet DNR Standard 1057. Other means of compliance include a gravel mulch, frozen soil, bedrock or some other physical means to prevent soil from leaving the site on vehicle tires which is equivalent to the tracking pad or tire washing stand.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2. Storm water inlet protection. Inlet protection may be accomplished by using DNR Technical Standard, number 1050, "Storm Drain Inlet Protection for Construction Sites". The protection of stormwater inlets in the code is specific to "on-site" inlets; however an off-site inlet may create a direct conduit to a water of the state, which links any inlet that leads to a water of the state to the #3 mandated practice. In that case, special care should be taken to protect both types of inlets from sediment in runoff from a construction site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3. Protection of adjoining waters of the state. The installation of practices is necessary if runoff from the disturbance could impact a water of the state. Practices may include channel erosion mats, silt fences, vegetative buffers or any other practices applicable to the specific site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4. Drainage way protection. Any ditches or drainage ways that flow off-site must be protected with appropriate best management practices (BMPs). This may include but is not limited to ditch checks, channel erosion control mats or riprap.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5. Dewatering activity sediment reduction
.
Any dewatering necessary on the construction site must include measures to reduce the sediment in the water leaving the site. Dewatering BMPs may include filters, fiber rolls or gravel bag berms.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
6. Stockpile protection. Any soil stockpiles which are left more than 7 days must be protected by seeding and mulching, erosion mat, silt fencing, covering or other methods. This does not include fill or topsoil piles that are in active use.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B. In addition to mandated practices, the owner/contractor or designer must choose one or more of the following methods in order to achieve compliance with the standards.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation may be used to determine the amount of soil lost from a site in order to stay below the 5 tons/acre/year for sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay or clay textures or the 7.5 tons/acre/year soil loss for silt, silty clay loam or silt loam textures. The Department-accepted version of an Excel worksheet that is used to calculate the soil loss is available at:
http://dsps.wi.gov/Default.aspx?Page=224e686e-b2b6-44ac-b79d-d8ad3d3cb560
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2. Silt fence may be placed in accordance with the DNR Technical Standard 1056 and remain on the site until the pervious area is stabilized. This practice, in addition to the mandated practices in part "A" is accepted by the Department of Safety and Professional Services as compliant with the 40% reduction in sediment load goal.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3. The site may be seeded and mulched, erosion control mat may be installed or polymers may be applied. The erosion control BMPs must be applied within one week of disturbance. Seeding must be accomplished in accordance with DNR Technical Standard 1059 and mulching with DNR Technical Standard 1058. Erosion control mat must be installed in accordance with DNR Technical Standards 1052 and 1053. Polymer application must be done in accordance with DNR Technical Standard 1051. This method is only acceptable when the maximum slope length is 300 feet and the maximum slope is no more than that specified in Table A-321.125-1 and Table A-321.125-2.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4. Practices may be included in the erosion and sediment control plan for the site that achieve compliance with the 40% reduction in sediment load in the runoff from the site. Table A-321.125-3 lists several erosion and sediment control BMPs and the USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) efficiency rating for that BMP.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5. A unique design may be submitted with the UDC permit application for review.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
When sites are seeded, mulched or otherwise stabilized within one week of disturbance
2
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1
The information in the table is derived from Grant County rainfall information and the use of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation. The slope limitation refers to the maximum slope permitted in order to achieve code compliance for the site specifics in the table. Opening date is the 15th of each month and closing is the 22nd. End date is 60 days past closing date.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2
Stabilization may be accomplished by temporary seeding and mulching, permanent seeding and mulching, application of polymers or placement of erosion control mats. Additionally, the mandated practices specific to the site must be in place.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Table A-321.125-2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Slope Limitations for Permissible Soil Loss with max. 300
`
slope length
1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
When sites are seeded, mulched or otherwise stabilized within 4 weeks of disturbance
2
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1
The information in the table is derived from Grant County rainfall information and the use of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation. The slope limitation refers to the maximum slope permitted in order to achieve code compliance for the site specifics in the table. Opening date is the 15th of each month and closing is the 15th of the following month End date is 60 days past closing date.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2
Stabilization may be accomplished by temporary seeding and mulching, permanent seeding and mulching, application of polymers or placement of erosion control mats. Additionally, the mandated practices specific to the site must be in place.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Erosion and sediment control for construction sites having a land-disturbance area of one acre or more is regulated by the Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Table A-321.125-3
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Erosion/Sediment Control BMP Efficiency
1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1
BMP efficiency is derived from information provided on the Environmental Protection Construction Erosion Control website in August, 2006 and only when the BMP is installed per the listed standard.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2
Standard number refers to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Conservation Practice Standard number.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3
This efficiency measure is provided by the Department of Safety and Professional Services, Industry Services Division.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4
This efficiency measure is provided by the Department of Safety and Professional Services, Industry Services Division, and only for a short duration as described in the standard.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
There are several BMPs that do not have an efficiency assigned by the EPA. These include mandatory controls such as inlet protection, drainage way protection (riprap) and tracking pads. Diversions, both temporary and permanent are also not included in Table A-321.125-2. Diversions impact the erosion on a site by shortening the length of slope in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Following is an example of an erosion and sediment control plan (Figure A-321.125). This plan may be used for reference, however each site is unique and each plan will address the site-specific issues.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Figure A-325.125-1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Figure A-325.125-2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sample Page from Erosion Control Checklist
-
See PDF for table
-
See PDF for table
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
The entire checklist can be found at:
http://dsps.wi.gov/Default.aspx?
Page=224e686e-b2b6-44ac-b79d-d8ad3d3cb560.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Following are reprints of the DNR Erosion Control Technical Standards, also available at
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/runoff/stormwater/techstds.htm
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Channel Erosion Mat
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1053 (8/05)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in XI. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A protective soil cover of straw, wood, coconut fiber or other suitable plant residue, or plastic fibers formed into a mat, usually with a plastic or biodegradable mesh on one or both sides. Erosion mats are rolled products available in many varieties and combination of materials and with varying life spans.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purpose
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The purpose of this practice is to protect the channel from erosion or act as turf reinforcement during and after the establishment of grass or other vegetation in a channel. This practice applies to both
Erosion Control Revegative Mats
(
ECRM
1
) and
Turf-Reinforcement Mats
(
TRM
).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This standard applies where runoff channelizes in intermittent flow and vegetation is to be established. Some products may have limited applicability in projects adjacent to navigable waters.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State, and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of
erosion mat. This standard
does
not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements. To complete the shear calculations, a 2 year, 24 hour storm event shall be used to calculate depth of flows for an ECRM. For sizing a TRM, use the depth of flow corresponding to the maximum design capacity of the channel.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Only mats listed in the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) Erosion Control Product Acceptability List (PAL) will be accepted for use in this standard.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
To differentiate applications WisDOT organizes erosion mats into three classes of mats, which are further broken down into various Types.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Class I: A short-term duration (minimum of 6 months), light duty, organic ECRM with plastic or biodegradable
netting. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. Type A – Only suitable for slope applications, not channel applications. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2. Type B – Double netted product for use in channels where the calculated (design) shear stress is 1.5 lbs/ft 2 or less. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. Class II: A long-term duration (three years or greater), organic ECRM. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. Type A – Jute fiber only for use in channels to reinforce sod. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2. Type B – For use in channels where the calculated (design) shear stress is 2.0 lbs/ft 2 or less. Made with plastic or biodegradable mat. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 3. Type C – A woven mat of 100% organic material for use in channels where the calculated (design) shear stress is 2.0 lbs/ft 2 or less. Applicable for use in environmentally sensitive areas where plastic netting is inappropriate. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 C. Class III: A permanent 100% synthetic ECRM or TRM. Class I, Type B erosion mat or Class II, Type B or C erosion mat must be placed over a soil filled TRM. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. Type A – An ECRM for use in channels where the calculated (design) shear stress of 2.0 lbs/ft 2 or less. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2. Type B – A TRM for use in channels where the calculated (design) shear stress of 2.0 lbs/ft 2 or less. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 3. Type C – A TRM for use in channels where the calculated (design) shear stress of 3.5 lbs/ft 2 or less. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 4. Type D – A TRM for use in channels where the calculated (design) shear stress of 5.0 lbs/ft 2 or less. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 VI. Installation Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A. ECRM shall be installed after all topsoiling, fertilizing, liming, and seeding is complete. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. Erosion mats shall extend for whichever is greater: upslope one-foot minimum vertically from the ditch bottom or 6 inches higher than the design flow depth. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 C. The mat shall be in firm and continuous contact with the soil. It shall be anchored, overlapped, staked and entrenched per the manufacturer's recommendations. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 D. TRM shall be installed in conjunction with the topsoiling operation and shall be followed by ECRM installation. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 E. At time of installation, document the manufacturer and mat type by saving material labels and manufacturer's installation instructions. Retain this documentation until the site is stabilized. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 VII. Considerations Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A. Erosion mats shall be selected so that they last long enough for the grass or other vegetation to become densely established. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. Consider using Class II, Type C mats adjacent to waterways where trapping small animals is to be avoided. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 C. Class III TRM may be appropriate as a replacement for riprap as a channel liner. Check the shear stress criteria for the channel to determine mat applicability. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 D. Once a gully has formed in a channel, it is difficult to stabilize due to loss of soil structure. Even when the gully is filled with topsoil and reseeded, the soil has a tendency to dislodge in the same pattern. If gully formation continues to be a problem the design should be reevaluated, including other mat classes or riprap. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 E. It may be difficult to establish permanent vegetation and adequate erosion protection in a channel with continuous flow. Consider riprap or planting wetland species with an ECRM. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 F. Documentation of materials used, monitoring logs, project diary, and weekly inspection forms including erosion and stormwater management plans, should be provided to the authority charged with long term maintenance of the site. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 G. Channel cross sections may be parabolic, v-shaped or trapezoidal. The use of "V" channels is generally discouraged due to erosion problems experienced. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 H. To help determine the appropriate channel liner, designers can refer to the design matrix in the back of the WisDOT PAL. However, for channels not conforming to the typical section shown in the channel matrix or having a depth of flow greater than 6 inches (150 mm), the designer will need to design for an appropriate channel liner. One way to do this is to use the "tractive force" method presented in FHWA's Hydraulic Engineering Circular (HEC) No. 15. This method requires that the calculated maximum shear stress of a channel is not to exceed the permissible shear stress of the channel liner. To use this method, permissible shear stress values are stated next to each device listed in the channel matrix. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 VIII. Plans and Specifications Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A. Plans and specifications for installing erosion mat shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose. The plans and specifications shall address the following: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. Location of erosion mat Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2. Installation sequence Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 3. Material specification conforming to standard Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include schedule for installation, inspection, and maintenance. The responsible party shall be identified. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 IX. Operation and Maintenance Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A. Erosion mats shall at a minimum be inspected weekly and within 24 hours after every precipitation event that produces 0.5 inches of rain or more during a 24-hour period. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. If there are signs of rilling under the mat, install more staples or more frequent anchoring trenches. If rilling becomes severe enough to prevent establishment of vegetation, remove the section of mat where the damage has occurred. Fill the eroded area with topsoil, compact, reseed and replace the section of mat, trenching and overlapping ends per manufacturer's recommendations. Additional staking is recommended near where rilling was filled. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 C. If the reinforcing plastic netting has separated from the mat, remove the plastic and if necessary replace the mat. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 D. Maintenance shall be completed as soon as possible with consideration to site conditions. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 X. References Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 WisDOT "Erosion Control Product Acceptability List" is available online at http://www.dot.wisconsin.gov/business/engrserv/pal.htm . Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 XI. Definitions Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Channel Erosion: The deepening and widening of a channel due to soil loss caused by flowing water. As rills become larger and flows begin to concentrate, soil detachment occurs primarily as a result of shear. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Erosion Control Revegative Mats (ECRM) (II): Erosion control revegetative mats are designed to be placed on top of soil. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Turf- Reinforcement Mats (TRM) (II): Turf-reinforcement mats are permanent devices constructed from various types of synthetic materials and buried below the surface to help stabilize the soil. TRMs must be used in conjunction with an ECRM or an approved soil stabilizer Type A (as classified in the WisDOT PAL) Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Dewatering Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1061 (4/07) Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Conservation Practice Standard Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Note: Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in X. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 I. Definition Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A compartmented container, settling basin, filter, or other appropriate best management practice through which sediment-laden water is conveyed to trap and retain the sediment. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 II. Purposes Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 The purpose of this standard is to determine appropriate methods and means to remove sediment from water generated during dewatering activities prior to discharging off-site or to waters of the state. Practices identified in this standard shall be deemed to meet the de-watering performance standard to prevent the discharge of sediment to the maximum extent practicable (MEP) as defined in s. NR 151.11 (6) (c) . Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 III. Conditions where Practice Applies Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 This practice applies where sediment laden water needs to be removed for construction or maintenance activities. Dewatering practices shall be in keeping with the effective operating and applicability criteria listed on Figure 2, Dewatering Practice Selection Matrix. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 This practice does not apply to: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Water being discharged directly to groundwater or karst features 1 . Refer to NR140 Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Well dewatering systems. Refer to NR 812 Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 IV. Federal, State, and Local Laws Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of this practice. This may include activities performed under NR 216 and Chapter 30 permits, for water bodies with targeted performance standards per NR 151.004, 303d waterbodies or others. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 V. Criteria Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 This section establishes the minimum allowable limits for design parameters, installation and performance requirements. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Dewatering practices shall be selected based on the predominant soil texture encountered at the dewatering site with consideration given to pumping or flow rates, volumes and device effectiveness. Refer to Figure 1 USDA Soil textural triangle to assist with soil classifications at the site. Figure 2, Dewatering Practice Selection Matrix illustrates acceptable dewatering options and their effective ranges. Practices selected that are not on the matrix must provide an equivalent level of control, with justification provided to the reviewing authority. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A. Site Assessment - A site assessment shall be conducted and documented to determine the physical site characteristics that will affect the placement, design, construction and maintenance of dewatering activities. The site assessment shall identify characteristics such as ground slopes, soil types, soil conditions, bedrock, sinkholes, drainage patterns, runoff constituents, proximity to regulated structures, natural resources, and specific land uses. The site assessment shall include the following: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Sanitary and storm sewer locations Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Potential contamination - Odor or discoloration other than sediment, or an oily sheen on the surface of the sediment laden water. If contamination is present, notify DNR Spills Reporting Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Soil textural class for areas where dewatering will occur. Soil investigation shall extend below grading and trenching activities Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Depth to the seasonally highest water table Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Discharge outfall locations Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Distance and conveyance method to receiving waters Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. General Criteria Applicable To All Dewatering Activities Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. Contact the WDNR when the discharge from a dewatering practice will enter a WDNR listed Exceptional Resource Water (ERW), Outstanding Resource Water (ORW) , or a wetland in an area of special natural resource interest as identified in NR 103. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2. Contact the owner or operator of the municipal separate stormwater system if the discharge is to a municipal storm water conveyance system. The allowable discharge rate shall be limited by the capacity of the system or requirements of the system owner. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 3. When practical, dewatering effluent shall be collected in a pump truck for transport to a treatment facility or discharged directly to a treatment facility. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 4. For surface dewatering, utilize a floating suction hose, or other method, to minimize sediment being sucked off the bottom. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 5. For discharges that will be directed to locations on-site verify that the anticipated volume of water can be fully contained. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 6. The topography and condition of the ground cover between the pump discharge point and potential receiving waters shall be evaluated for potential erosion. Appropriate stabilization measures shall be incorporated to prevent erosion. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 7. When discharge to a karst feature or other direct groundwater connection can not be avoided, the dewatering system must be designed and operated to maintain compliance with the groundwater quality standards contained in applicable regulations, including ch. NR 140 Wis. Adm. Code. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 8. If the discharge directly or indirectly enters a stream, the discharge flow rate shall not exceed 50 percent of the peak flow rate of the 2-year 24-hour storm event. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 C. Geotextile Bags Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. Geotextile bags shall meet the criteria listed in Table 1. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Table 1: Properties for Geotextile Bags - See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Geotextile bags shall be sized according to the particle size being trapped, expected flow or pumping rate (gallons per minute) per square foot of fabric and a 50% clogging factor. The footprint of the bag shall be no smaller than 100 square feet.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Geotextile bags shall be securely attached to the discharge pipe.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Polymers can be used to enhance the efficiency of geotextile bags. If polymer is used, the polymer shall be approved by the WDNR and meet the criteria stipulated in WDNR Conservation Practice Standard 1051, Sediment Control Water Application of Polymers. The polymer supplier or applicator shall provide certifications showing that products have met the performance requirements of Standard 1051. If the manufacturer has not completed the required testing, the project may be used to gain that certification provided it meets the site requirements of Standard 1051. Any such testing will be monitored by DNR or WisDOT, with testing done by a qualified third party.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Gravity Based Settling Systems
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Gravity based systems rely on settling of particles as the primary means of treatment. To effectively accomplish this, quiescent conditions should exist with sufficient detention time. Practices include portable sediment tanks, sediment traps, sediment basins and wet detention basins.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
If polymer is used to enhance settling, the polymer shall be approved by the WDNR and meet the criteria stipulated in WDNR Conservation Practice Standard 1051, Sediment Control Water Application of Polymers. The polymer supplier or applicator shall provide certifications showing that products have met the performance requirements of Standard 1051. If the manufacturer has not completed the required testing, the project may be used to gain that certification provided it meets the site requirements of Standard 1051. Any such testing will be monitored by DNR or WisDOT, with testing done by a qualified third party.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Portable Sediment Tank: These tanks are intended to settle only sands, loamy sands, and sandy loams. If polymer is added, these tanks will also be appropriate for settling loams, silt loams and silts. Portable sediment tanks shall have a minimum of two baffled compartments, and be a minimum of three feet deep. The inlet and outlet pipe shall be a minimum diameter of three inches. Use one of the following methods to size a tank:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
Settling: Account for settling of the suspended sediments with the following equation:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sa = 1.83 * Q;
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
where
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sa = Tank surface area (sq ft)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Q = Pumping rate (gallons per minute)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
1.83 is a factor that includes the conversion from gpm to cfs (1 gpm = 0.0022 cfs) and the particle settling velocity for Soil Class 1 (0.0012 ft/sec) from WDNR Conservation Practice Standard 1064 Sediment Basin.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
b.
Filtration: Build the first chamber as large as possible to aid in settling. Flow capacity shall be determined by the end area of the filter media (fabric) and the flow rate (gallons per minute) per square foot of the finest filter media and a 50% clogging factor.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Sediment Trap or Sediment Basin: This device is a temporary sediment control device. The design, installation, and operation of the sediment trap or basin shall meet the requirements stipulated in WDNR Conservation Practice Standard 1063 Sediment Trap or Standard 1064 Sediment Basin.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Wet Detention Basin: This device is generally a permanent structure designed to address post-construction pollutant reduction requirements. The design, installation, and operation of the wet detention basin shall meet the requirements stipulated in WDNR Conservation Practice Standard 1001 Wet Detention Basin.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
Passive Filtration Systems
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Passive filtration systems rely on filtration as the primary method of removing particles. Sediment removal efficiency will be related to the particle size distribution in the stormwater. Practices include manufactured filters, filter tanks, filter basins, vegetative filters, grass swales, and filtration fabric.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Filter fabric sediment removal efficiency shall be based on the properties specified in Table 1.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Manufactured Filters: Filters shall be sequenced from the largest to the smallest pore opening. Sand media filters are available with automatic backwashing features that can filter to 50
m
m particle size. Screen or bag filters can filter down to 5
m
m. Fiber wound filters can remove particles down to 0.5
m
m.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Filter Tank (portable): Install, operate and maintain according to manufacturer recommendations.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Filter Basin: Install, operate and maintain according to Wisconsin Department of Transportation technical guidance.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Vegetative Filter: Refer to WDNR Conservation Practice Standard 1054 Vegetated Buffer for Construction Sites.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F.
Pressurize Filtration Systems
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Pressurized filtration systems differ from passive systems in that the water flowing through the media is pressurized and the filter media is designed to handle higher flow rates. Practices include portable sand filters, wound cartridge units, membranes and micro-filtration units.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Pressurized filters typically have automatic backwash systems that are triggered by a pre-set pressure drop across the filter. If the backwash water volume is small or substantially more turbid than the stormwater stored in the holding pond or tank, returning backwash water to the pond or tank may be appropriate. However, land application or another means of treatment and disposal may be necessary.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Screen, bag, and fiber filters must be cleaned and/or replaced when they become clogged.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Portable Sand Filter: Install, operate and maintain according to manufacturer recommendations.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Wound Cartridge Units: Secondary filtration of sediments using high efficiency filter cartridges may be necessary to remove fine particles such as clays. Install, operate and maintain according to manufacturer recommendations.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Membranes and Micro-filtration: Install, operate and maintain according to manufacturer recommendations.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
If polymer is used to enhance settling, the polymer shall be approved by the WDNR and meet the criteria stipulated in WDNR Conservation Practice Standard 1051, Sediment Control Water Application of Polymers. The polymer supplier or applicator shall provide certifications showing that products have met the performance requirements of Standard 1051. If the manufacturer has not completed the required testing, the project may be used to gain that certification provided it meets the site requirements of Standard 1051. Any such testing will be monitored by DNR or WisDOT, with testing done by a qualified third party.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
It may be necessary to clean the municipal storm drainage system prior to and after discharging to the system to prevent scouring solids from the drainage system.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Geotextile bags are generally not appropriate when discharging to ORW, ERW, waterbodies supporting cold water communities, trout streams, or to
highly susceptible
and
less susceptible wetlands
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Pressurized filtration systems are the most efficient for removing fine sediments.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Portable sediment tanks may be appropriate when other sediment trapping practices cannot be installed due to lack of space or other reasons.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
Filtration is not an efficient treatment of water with heavy sediment loads. Use a settling tank or sand filter as pretreatment when possible.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F.
It may be necessary to use a combination of dewatering practices to achieve the intended results.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII.
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include the schedule for installation, inspection, and maintenance and shall be kept on-site with the erosion control plan.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Sediment shall be removed from devices to maintain effectiveness. All sediment collected in dewatering devices shall be properly disposed of to prevent discharge to waters of the state.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
The following monitoring shall be conducted. Test results shall be recorded on a daily log kept on site:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Discharge duration and specified pumping rate
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Observed water table at time of dewatering
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
If used, type and amount of chemical used for pH adjustment
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
If used, type and amount of polymer used for treatment
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5.
Maintenance activities
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX.
References
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHTO) Soil Classification System
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
X.
Definitions
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Exceptional Resource Waters
(ERW) (V.B.1): are waters listed in s.
NR 102.11
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Highly susceptible wetland
(VI.B): include the following types: fens, sedge meadows, bogs, low prairies, conifer swamps, shrub swamps, other forested wetlands, fresh wet meadows, shallow marshes, deep marshes and seasonally flooded basins.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Karst feature
(III): are an area or geologic feature subject to bedrock dissolution so that it is likely to provide a conduit to groundwater, and may include caves, enlarged fractures, mine features, exposed bedrock surfaces, sinkholes, springs, seeps or swallets.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Less susceptible wetland
(VI.B): include degraded wetlands dominated by invasive species such as reed canary grass.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW)
(V.B.1): are waters listed in s.
NR 102.10
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Targeted performance standard
(IV): means a performance standard that will apply in a specific area, where additional practices beyond those contained in NR 151 are necessary to meet water quality standards.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Treatment facility
(V.B.3): includes wastewater treatment plants or wet detention basins constructed in accordance with WDNR Conservation Practice Standard 1001 Wet Detention Basin or other approved land application sites.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Figure 1: USDA Soil Textural Triangle
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Ditch Check
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
(Channel)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1062 (3/06)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in X. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A temporary dam constructed across a swale or drainage ditch to reduce the velocity of water flowing in the channel.
Ditch checks
1
can be constructed out of stone, a double row of straw bales or from engineered products found on the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) Erosion Control Product Acceptability List (PAL).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purpose
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The purpose of this practice is to reduce flow velocity and to pond water, thereby reducing active channel erosion and promoting settling of suspended solids behind the ditch check.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This Standard applies where grading activity occurs in areas of channelized flows and a temporary measure is needed to control erosion of the channel until permanent stabilization practices can be applied.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Under no circumstance shall ditch checks be placed in intermittent or perennial stream without permission from WDNR. This Practice may not be substituted for major perimeter trapping measures.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State, and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of ditch checks. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Height
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Installed, the minimum height of ditch checks shall be 10 inches and shall not exceed a maximum height of 16 inches for manufactured or biodegradable materials and 36 inches for stone (or other inorganic materials).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Ditch checks must be installed with the center lower than the sides forming a weir. If this is not done stormwater flows are forced to the edge of the ditch check thus promoting scour, or out of the channel causing excessive erosion.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Stone ditch checks shall have a minimum top width of 2-feet measured in the direction of flow with maximum slopes of 2:1 (2 horizontal to 1 vertical) on the upslope side and 2:1 on the down slope side.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Placement
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
At a minimum install one ditch check for every two feet of drop in the channel.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Ditch checks shall be placed such that the resultant ponding will not cause inconvenience or damage to adjacent areas.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Material Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Stone ditch checks shall be constructed of a well-graded angular stone, a
D
50
of 3 inch or greater, sometimes referred to as breaker run or shot rock.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Ditch checks may be constructed of other approved materials but must be capable of withstanding the flow velocities in the channel. Manufactured products listed in WisDOT's PAL are also acceptable for temporary ditch checks.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Silt fence and single rows of straw bales are ineffective as ditch checks and are not permitted.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Construction - Refer to Figure 1 & 2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Ditch checks shall be utilized during rough grading and shall be removed once the final grading and channel stabilization is applied, unless intended to be part of a permanent stormwater management plan.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Channel erosion mat or other non-erodible materials shall be placed at the base of a ditch check, and extended a minimum of 6 feet, to prevent scour and washing out the toe of the ditch check. DNR Conservation Practice Channel Erosion Mat (1053) contains criteria for the placement of erosion mat in this location.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Chink or seal stone and rock ditch checks to minimize the flow through the ditch check.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
For added stability, the base of a stone or rock ditch check should be keyed into the soil to a depth of 6-inches.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Stone ditch checks may be underlain by a nonwoven geotextile fabric to ease installation and removal. If the geotextile fabric is extended, it can serve purpose specified in section V.D.2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Ditch checks installed in grass lined channels may kill the vegetation if water is ponded for extended periods or excessive siltation occurs. Proper maintenance is required to keep areas above and below the ditch check stabilized.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
The best way to prevent sediment from entering the storm sewer system is to stabilize the disturbed area of the site as quickly as possible, preventing erosion and stopping sediment transport at its source.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
When placing ditch checks in swales adjacent to roadways consider designating a `clear zone' free of obstacles posing a threat to out of control vehicles.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F.
Mowing operations may throw stones from ditch checks causing a potential safety hazard.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII.
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Plans and specifications for installing ditch checks shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose. The plans and specifications shall address the following:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Location and spacing of ditch check
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Schedules and sequence of installation and removal
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Standard drawings and installation details
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Rock gradation
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include schedule for installation, inspection, and maintenance. The responsible party shall be identified.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Ditch checks shall, at a minimum, be inspected weekly and within 24 hours after every precipitation event that produces 0.5 inches of rain or more during a 24 hour period.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Unless incorporated into a permanent stormwater management system, ditch checks shall be removed once the final grading and channel stabilization is applied.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Sediment deposits shall be removed when deposits reach 0.5 the height of the barrier. Removal of sediment may require replacement of stone. Maintenance shall be completed as soon as possible with consideration to site conditions.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX.
References
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
WisDOT "Erosion Control Product Acceptability List" is available online at:
http://www.dot.wisconsin.gov/business/engrserv/pal.htm
. Printed copies are no longer distributed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
X.
Definitions
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D
50
(V.C.1): The particle size for which 50% of the material by weight is smaller than that size.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Ditch Checks
(I) Are commonly referred to as temporary check dams. Stone ditch checks refer to those made out of either stone or rock.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Construction Site Diversion
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1066 (03/06)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in IX. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A
temporary
1
berm or channel constructed across a slope to collect and divert runoff.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purpose
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
To intercept, divert, and safely convey runoff at construction sites in order to divert clean water away from disturbed areas, or redirect sediment laden waters to an appropriate sediment control facility.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
This practice is applicable to construction sites where temporary surface water runoff control or management is needed. Locations and conditions include:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Above disturbed areas, to limit runoff onto the site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Across slopes to reduce slope length.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Below slopes to divert excess runoff to stabilized outlets.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
To divert sediment-laden water to sediment control facilities.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5.
At or near the perimeter of the construction area to keep sediment from leaving the site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
This standard does not pertain to permanent diversions. Refer to appropriate design criteria and local regulations when designing permanent diversions.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State, and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of this practice. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
The diversion shall have stable side slopes and shall not be overtopped during a 2-year frequency, 24-hour duration storm. The minimum berm cross section shall be as follows:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Side slopes of 2:1 (horizontal:vertical) or flatter.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Top width of two feet.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Berm height of 1.5 feet.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Sediment-laden runoff from disturbed areas shall be diverted into a sediment control practice. For typical sediment control practices see WDNR Conservation Practice Standards Sediment Trap (1063) or Sediment Basin (1065) for design criteria.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
When diverting clean water the diversion channel and its outfall shall be immediately
stabilized
for the 2-year frequency, 24-hour duration storm. Build and stabilize clean water diversions before initiating down slope land-disturbing activities.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Diversions shall be protected from damage by construction activities. At all points where diversion berms or channels will be crossed by construction equipment, the diversion shall be stabilized or shaped appropriately. Temporary culverts of adequate capacity may be used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
For diversions that are to serve longer than 30 days, the side slopes including the ridge, and down slope side the diversion shall be stabilized as soon as they are constructed. The diversion channel should be stabilized (i.e. erosion mat) or a larger sediment control practice shall be needed. For diversions serving less than 30 days, the down slope side of the diversion shall be stabilized as soon as constructed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
The channel cross section may be parabolic, v-shaped or trapezoidal. The use of "V" channels is generally discouraged due to potential erosion problems.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Ditch checks may be used to enhance sediment removal. Ditch checks shall be designed in accordance with WDNR Conservation Practice Standard Ditch Check (1062).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
For diversion berms consider designing an emergency overflow section or bypass area to limit damage from storms that exceed the 2-year frequency 24-hour duration storm. The overflow section may be designed as a stabilized weir with riprap protection.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII.
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Plans and specifications for installing diversions shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose. The plans and specifications shall address the following:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Diversion location.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Channel grade or elevations.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Typical cross section.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Channel stabilization if required.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include schedule for installation, inspection, and maintenance. The responsible party shall be identified.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Diversions shall, at a minimum, be inspected weekly and within 24 hours after every precipitation event that produces 0.5 inches of rain or more during a 24-hour period.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Maintenance shall be completed as soon as possible with consideration to site conditions.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Accumulated sediment shall be removed when it reaches one half the height of the diversion berm. Properly dispose of any sediment removed from the diversion.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Diversions shall be removed and the area stabilized according to construction plans.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX.
Definitions
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Temporary
(I): an erosion control measure that is utilized during construction and grading operations prior to final stabilization.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Stabilized
(V.C): means protecting exposed soil from erosion.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Dust Control On Construction Sites Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1068 (03/04) Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Conservation Practice Standard Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 I. Definition Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Dust control includes practices used to reduce or prevent the surface and air transport of dust during construction. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Dust control measures for construction activities include minimization of soil disturbance, applying mulch and establishing vegetation, water spraying, surface roughening, applying polymers, spray-on tackifiers, chlorides, and barriers. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 II. Purpose Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 This practice may be used to: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Reduce wind erosion and dust. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Minimize deposition of dust and wind transported soils into water bodies through runoff or wind action. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Reduce respiratory problems. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Minimize low visibility conditions caused by airborne dust. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 III. Conditions Where Practice Applies Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Dust control measures may be applied at any construction site, but is particularly important for sites with dry exposed soils which may be exposed to wind or vehicular traffic. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 IV. Federal, State, and Local Laws Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Users of this standard shall comply with applicable federal, state and local laws, rules, regulations or permit requirements governing this practice. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 V. Criteria Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A. The implementation of dust control shall limit the area exposed for dust generation. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. Asphalt and petroleum based products cannot be used for dust control. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 C. Mulch and Vegetation - Mulch or seed and mulch may be applied to protect exposed soil from both wind and water erosion. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Refer to WDNR Conservation Practice Standards Mulching for Construction Sites (1058) and Seeding for Construction Site Erosion Control (1059) for criteria. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 D. Water - Water until the surface is wet and repeat as needed. Water shall be applied at rates so that runoff does not occur. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Treated soil surfaces that receive vehicle traffic require a stone tracking pad or tire washing at all point of access. Refer to WDNR Conservation Practice Standard Stone Tracking Pad and Tire Washing (1057) for criteria. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 E. Tillage - A control measure performed with chisel type plows on exposed soils. Tillage shall begin on the windward side of the site. Tillage is only applicable to flat areas. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 F. Polymers - Polymers can be an effective practice for areas that do not receive vehicle traffic. Dry applied polymers must be initially watered for activation to be effective for dust control. Refer to WDNR Conservation Practice Standard Erosion Control Land Application of Polymers (1050) for application criteria. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 G. Tackifiers and Soil Stabilizers Type A - Products must be selected from and installed at rates conforming to the WisDOT Erosion Control PAL. See Section IX for reference. Example products include Latex-based and WDNR, WI Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Temporary Grading Practices For Erosion Control Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 (Surface Roughening and Temporary Ditch Sumps) Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1067 (03/04) Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Conservation Practice Standard Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Note: Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in X. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 I. Definition Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Temporary 1 grading practices used to minimize construction site erosion. These practices include, but are not limited to surface roughening (directional tracking and tillage) and temporary ditch sumps. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 II. Purpose Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 The purpose of these practices are to minimize erosion and sediment transport during grading operations on construction sites. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 III. Conditions Where Practice Applies Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 These practices apply where land disturbing activities occur on construction sites. These practices shall be used in conjunction with other erosion control practices. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 IV. Federal, State, and Local Laws Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing these practices. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 V. Criteria Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 These interim practices may be employed in addition to the approved grading plan to reduce erosion and sediment transport. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A. Surface Roughening - Surface roughening is abrading the soil surface with horizontal ridges and depressions across the slope to reduce runoff velocities. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. Directional Tracking - The process of creating ridges with tracked vehicles on unvegetated slopes. This method is used for short durations on sites actively being grad and shall be used in conjunction with other practices. This practice shall be in place at the end of each workday. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Directional tracking involves driving a tracked vehicle up and down a slope. The tracks create horizontal grooves and ridges. The rough surface slows sheet runoff and helps to prevent rills from forming. (Conversely, if the tracked vehicle is driven along the contour the tracks create vertical grooves and ridges for the water to follow, increasing erosion.) Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2. Tillage - Utilizing conventional tillage equipment to create a series of ridges and furrows on the contour no more than 15 inches apart. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. Temporary Ditch Sump - Temporary ditch sumps are ½ to 5 cubic yard excavations made in a drainageway during earthmoving operations. Their purpose is to slow and pond runoff during the time that drainageways are being graded. Sumps shall be in place prior to anticipated rain events. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Construction involves excavating sumps (holes) in the rough ditch grade, and using the excavated material to form a dike on the downstream side of the sump. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Temporary ditch sumps are not effective perimeter controls. Other sediment control practices shall be utilized prior to channels discharging into public waterways. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 VI. Considerations Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A. Directional tracking may compact the soil, therefore additional seedbed preparation may be required. Refer to WDNR Conservation Practice Standard Seeding for Construction Site Erosion Control (1059) for seedbed preparation and seeding criteria. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. When constructing a temporary ditch sump, compacting the dike provides additional stability. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 C. Consider at a minimum excavating ½ cubic yard per 1% gradient, for every 500 feet of channel when constructing temporary ditch sumps. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 VII. Plans and Specifications Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Due to the interim nature of these practices, and the fact that location determinations are made in the field, they need only be referenced in the erosion control plan narration or general notes. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 VIII. Operation and Maintenance Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 These practices shall be inspected and repaired or reinstalled after every runoff event. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 IX. References Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation. 1992. Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook, Third Edition. Chapter 3 – 3.29 Surface Roughening. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Dane County. 2002. Dane County Erosion Control and Stormwater Manual, First Edition. Appendix Surface Roughening S-16.1. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 X. Definitions Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Temporary (I): An erosion control measure that is utilized during construction site grading activities. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Interim Sediment Control Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Water Application of Polymers Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1051 (11/02) Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Conservation Practice Standard Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Note: Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in IX. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 l. Definition Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 The application of products containing polymers 1 to sediment control structures. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 ll. Purpose Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 The purpose of this practice is to settle out or remove suspended sediment from water within sediment control structures . Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 lll. Conditions Where Practice Applies Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 This practice shall be used with self-contained sediment control structures, on a temporary basis for construction sites, in an emergency for post-construction sites and only continually at sites holding an individual permit, if needed to improve the sediment removal efficiency of the structure. Polymers shall not be directly applied to surface waters of the state . Sediment control structures may be within, or discharge to, surface waters of the state. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 lV. Federal, State and Local Laws Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Water applications of polymer shall comply with all federal, state, and local laws, rules or regulations governing polymers. The operator is responsible for securing required permits. This standard does not contain the text of the federal, state, or local laws governing polymers. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 V. Criteria Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A. Toxicity Criteria Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 If used in accordance with the use restriction, the polymer mixture shall meet an acceptable level of risk such that the product can be used without significant harm to organisms that inhabit or come in contact with the aquatic environment. Every attempt shall be made to eliminate the use of any chemicals known to be environmentally toxic within a polymer mixture. Polymer mixtures shall be non-combustible. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 The manufacturer shall supply toxicity testing data to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) based on the polymer mixture, including any binding or buffering agents, catalyst or any other additives. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. The use of cationic polyacrylamide shall be avoided where there is danger of impacting aquatic organisms because its toxicity to aquatic test species occurs at very low concentrations. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2. Anionic polymer mixtures shall have = .05% free acrylamide monomer by weight as established by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 3. Each manufacturer shall provide to the WDNR toxicity information (including acute and chronic water column toxicity test data) from a certified lab, as defined in ch. NR 149 Wis.Adm.Code, for the polymer mixture. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 This data shall include all raw and statistical data regarding death, sub-lethal observations such as immobility, and any other test observations. Standardized toxicity testing procedures should be used and referenced. A use restriction will be calculated by WDNR using the information in Appendix I. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 4. Users of polymer mixtures shall obtain and follow all Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) requirements, manufacturer's recommendations, and WDNR use restrictions. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. Application Criteria Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. Maximum application rates, per storm event, in pounds per acre-feet shall be the lesser of WDNR's use restriction multiplied by 1.35 or the manufacturer's recommended application rate (1.35 is a conversion factor that is used to change the use restriction from ppm to an application rate in pounds per acre-feet). Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2. Neither the manufacturer's written application rate recommendations, nor the application rate shall exceed the WDNR use restriction. The manufacturer or distributor shall provide for the applicator: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 a. Labels affixed to the polymer mixture containers that indicate the recommended application rate and the maximum application rate based on the use restriction. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 b. A product expiration date for the polymer mixture based on product expiration dates of the polymer. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 c. General written application methods. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 d. Written instructions to provide proper safety, storage, and mixing of their product. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 3. The application method shall provide for uniform distribution of the product in the sediment control structure and shall consist of either: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 a. Passive Applications : Polymers applied by non-mechanically dosing the sediment-laden inflow prior to it entering the impoundment area of the sediment control structure. The manufacturer shall base passive application rates on the dissolution rate and/or the dead storage volume of the sediment control structure. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 or Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 b. Active or Mechanical Applications : Polymer applied by mechanically or hydraulically mixing directly into a sediment control structure. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 4. The applicator of the polymer mixture shall at the time of application, document the following: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Name of applicator Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Application rate in pounds per acre-feet of stormwater runoff Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Date applied Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Product type Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Weather conditions during application Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 • Method of application Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Copies of this documentation shall be entered into the contractor's monitoring log or a project diary and made available upon request. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 C. Product Approval Criteria Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 The manufacturer shall certify, through independent sampling and test results, that their product performs as per the following requirements. (The product approval process is depicted in flow chart form in Figure 1.) Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. The toxicity information required in section V.A.3. of this standard shall be reviewed by the WDNR and used to generate a written product use restriction for the polymer mixture. Appendix I outlines the information that needs to be submitted as a part of this review, and states where they must be submitted. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2. Polymer mixtures shall achieve = 95% sediment reduction as measured by the standpipe method outlined in Appendix II. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 3. Performance criteria - active and passive applications shall be field tested and submitted separately: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 a. The performance of polymer mixtures shall be verified and field-tested in a body of water that is not discharging directly into the waters of the state. The body of water shall be a minimum of 1/3-acre surface area and an average depth of at least 3 feet. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 b. The total suspended solids prior to the polymer treatment must be tested and verified by an independent testing lab, and must have a minimum value of 800 ppm or equivalent N ephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) and be visibly turbid. The relationship between total suspended solids (TSS) and NTU is site-specific and the derivation of a unique TSS-NTU relationship shall be conducted for each sediment control structure. A minimum of two samples per acre-foot of water shall be taken from random locations within the test site. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 c. Within 48 hours from the initial treatment of the water body, the total suspended solids must have a maximum of 80 ppm, or equivalent NTU. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 d. Testing sites may not be used for subsequent testing for a period of 3 months from the time of initial application. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 e. The Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) shall be notified at least 7 days prior to testing, and WisDOT and/or WDNR staff shall be allowed to monitor any such testing. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 4. The WisDOT Erosion Control Storm Water/Product Acceptability List Committee will review and approve products as per the process set forth in WisDOT's Product Acceptability List (PAL). Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 5. The polymer mixture must be resubmitted if any portion of the mixture is altered subsequent to its approval. Such alterations may include: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 a. The amendment of base polymers and/or any other additives Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 b. The ratios of individual components Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 VI. Considerations Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 The following are additional recommendations, which may enhance the use of, or avoid problems with, the practice. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A When using products in impoundments immediately adjacent to, or within waters of the state, consider using products for which the manufacturer's recommended application rate is considerably lower than the use restriction. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. The applicator should use the least amount of polymer mixture to achieve optimal performance. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 C. Polymer mixtures should be applied in conjunction with other erosion control BMPs and under an erosion and sediment control or stormwater management plan. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 D. Test the pH of the water in the sediment control structure and follow the manufacturer's recommended pH range for their polymer mixture, as pH will impact the effectiveness of polymer mixtures. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 E. Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or any other known environmental toxicants should not be included in the polymer mixture. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 F. Care must be taken to prevent spills of polymer mixtures. Follow the manufacturer's recommended cleanup procedures in the event of a spill. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 G. Inhaling granular polymer may cause choking or difficulty breathing. Persons handling and mixing polymer should use personal protective equipment of a type recommended by the manufacturer. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 H. Polymer mixtures combined with water are very slippery and can pose a safety hazard. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 I. Polymer mixtures should be considered as an aid to removing solids from dredge slurries. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 J. Where polymer mixtures are used with sediment control structures in the stream, such as during bridge construction, the structure should not be removed until the water is clarified. If the resulting sediment floc is more than a half a foot deep it should be excavated or filtered out. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 VII. Specifications Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Erosion and sediment control and stormwater management plans specifying polymer mixtures for sediment control shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 VIII. Operation and Maintenance Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Sediment levels on the bottom of the sediment control structure shall be monitored to measure the loss of storage capacity over time due to enhanced sedimentation by the polymer mixture. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 IX. Definitions Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) (V.A.3) Provide basic information on a material or chemical product intended to help someone work safely with the material. This includes a brief synopsis of the hazards associated with using a material, how to use it safely, and what to do if there is an emergency. The retail distributor and/or manufacturer as per OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200 , must provide MSDS, with the purchase of potentially hazardous products. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) (V.C.3.b) A measure of the amount of light scattered by suspended and dissolved materials in the sample. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Polyacrylamide (V.A.1) A generic term for polymers made up of many repeating units of the monomer acrylamide (a simple organic compound). Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Polymer (I) Polymers are materials that are either natural or synthetic and that have a chain of carbon molecules that are identical, repeating units. Polymers can be positively charged (cationic), negatively charged (anionic) or have no charge (non-ionic). Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Polymer Mixture (V.A) Any reference to polymer mixtures refers to the whole manufactured product, including the polymer and any additives. Additional calcium or lime may be added as a buffering agent without being considered part of the whole manufactured product. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Sediment (II) refers to settleable soil, rock fragments and other solids suspended in runoff. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Sediment control structure (I.) A sediment control structure is an impoundment designed to intercept and detain sediment carried in runoff, prior to the runoff reaching the main channel of a waterway or body of water. Placement of these structures must be outside of the main channel of a waterway and shall not span opposing stream banks in channelized flow. The sediment control structure must provide for dedicated sediment storage to at least a depth of two feet, such that the sediment will not be subject to re-suspension during high velocity flow conditions. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Impoundments may be created by a cofferdam, turbidity barrier, earthen berm, sheet piling, self-contained filtering systems or similar material. Examples include properly maintained construction or post-construction sediment ponds, discharging directly or eventually to a water body. They may also include surface water impoundments that are immediately adjacent to a waterway, whose function is to treat stormwater or dredging material. Another potential application is to isolate localized areas surrounding bridge and culvert construction. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Standardized toxicity testing (V.A.2) Examples of such include, but are not limited to, those outlined in the State of Wisconsin Aquatic Life Toxicity Testing Methods Manual (Fleming, et.al, 1996) or Short-term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Water to Freshwater Organisms (Lewis, et.al, 1994). The WDNR use restriction shall be developed from this data. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Surface Waters of the State (III) "Surface" refers to the sub portion of the waters of the state that discharge at the surface. Waters of the state, as defined by s. 283.01(20) , Wis. Stats means those portions of Lake Michigan and Lake Superior within the boundaries of Wisconsin, all lakes, bays, rivers, streams, springs, ponds, wells, impounding reservoirs, marshes, water courses, drainage systems and other surface water or groundwater, natural or artificial, public or private within the state or under its jurisdiction, except those waters which are entirely confined and retained completely upon the property of the person. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Use Restriction (V.A.2) Identifies the concentration below which a product is not expected to cause acute toxicity in the aquatic environment. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 X. References Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Voluntary Use Of Polymers In DNR Programs (A Field Guide) For copies of this companion document contact Mary Anne Lowndes, Water Resources Engineer Bureau of Watershed Management 101 S. Webster St., Box 7921, Madison, WI 53707-7921 Phone (608) 261-6420 MaryAnne.Lowndes@dnr.state.wi.us Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Fleming, K., P. Hubbard, N. Krause, R. Masnado, D. Piper, W. Repavich, G. Searle, S. Thon, "State of Wisconsin Aquatic Life Toxicity Testing Methods Manual, Edition 1." Bureau of Watershed Management, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, 1996 (WI. PUBL-WW-033-96). Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Lewis, P.A., D.J. Klemm, J.M. Lazorchak, T.J. Norberg-King, W.H. Peltier, and M.A. Heber, "Short-Term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater Organisms, 3rd Edition." Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 1994 (EPA/600/4-91/002). Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Roa-Espinosa, A., Bubenzer, G.D. and Miyashita, E., "Sediment and Runoff Control on Construction Sites Using Four Application Methods of Polyacrylamide Mix." National Conference on Tools for Urban Water Resource Management and Protection, Chicago, pp. 278, February 7-10, 2000. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Roa, A., "Are there Safety Concerns or Environmental Concerns with PAM?" Dane County Land Conservation Department, 1997. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Sojka, R.E. and Lentz, R.D., "A PAM Primer: A brief history of PAM and PAM related issues." Kimberly, ID: USDA-ARS Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Lab, 1996. http://kimberly.ars.usda.gov . Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Wirtz, J, R., "The Pros and Cons of the Use of Anionic Polyacrylamides to Control Erosion and Sedimentation in the Lake Mendota Priority Watershed". University of Wisconsin-Madison, MS Thesis, 2000. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1WisDOT's Product Acceptability List (PAL). State DOT web site: http://www.dot.wisconsin.gov/business/engrserv/pal.htm . Questions regarding product approvals may be sent to: New Products Engineer, WisDOT, Technology Advancement, 3502 Kinsman Blvd., Madison, WI 53704. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 - See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Interim Sediment Control
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Water Application of Polymers
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
APPENDIX I
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
REQUIRED TOXICITY INFORMATION FOR WDNR REVIEW
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Toxicity information shall be reviewed by the WDNR and will be used to generate a written product use restriction for the polymer. With Chapter 1.7 of the
Whole Effluent Toxicity Program Guidance Document
(Fleming et. al., 2000) as a basis, the following toxicological information/data is required:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
Manufacturer of the polymer.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
b.
Chemical name of the polymer.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
c.
Active Ingredient(s) (if not proprietary information).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
d.
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) #(s) of the polymer and/or active ingredients.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
e.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and/or official toxicity test results listing available aquatic life toxicity data for the WHOLE PRODUCT. Toxicity data for active ingredients is not acceptable for use in calculating a use restriction. The following types of data is acceptable:
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
LC
50
= the estimated concentration of polymer that would cause 50% mortality to the test population following the given time period
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
EC
50
= the estimated concentration of polymer that would cause a given effect in 50% of the test population following a given time period
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IC
25
= the estimated concentration of polymer that would cause a 25% reduction in some biological measurement of the test population following a given time period
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
To calculate a use restriction it is necessary to have data from at least one of the cladoceran species and at least one of the fish species (according to s.
NR 106.10 (1)
).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
Complete listing of toxicity test conditions. Examples to follow include Tables 11 – 14 in Weber (1993).
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b.
Standardized test methodology (name of a specific method & its reference may be listed for this, such as "Acute Toxicity Test Procedures for
Daphnia magna
" in Weber (1993). If a modification to a standardized method was used, provide the reference of the specific method along with a specific listing of and reasons for the modifications).
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c.
Any noted observations from the toxicity tests.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Toxicity test results shall be submitted to: Water Quality Standards Section, WDNR, 101 South Webster Street, P.O. Box 7921, Madison, WI 53707, as one prequalification for field testing.
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References:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Weber, C. 1993.
Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms, 4
th
Edition
. Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. EPA/600/4-90/027F.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Fleming, K., S. Geis, E. Korthals, R. Masnado, G. Searle. 2000.
Whole Effluent Toxicity Program Guidance Document, Revision #3
. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Chapter 1.7.
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Interim Sediment Control
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Water Application of Polymers
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APPENDIX II
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LABORATORY STANDPIPE TEST METHODOLOGY
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1.
Place 40 grams of oven dried "soil" in 2 liters of distilled water within a 2 liter graduated cylinder with stopper. The 40 grams of "soil" represents a "realistic" runoff suspended solids load of 20,000 mg/L (20,000 mg/L x 2 L) according to data collected from commercial and residential construction sites (Owens, et. al. 2000). Repeat a minimum of four times so that there are a minimum of five replicates. The "soil" used in the standpipe test may be characterized by one of the following three options:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Clays
A clay "soil" is characterized as having greater than 20% of its particles < 2
m
m in size. This option is appropriate for those seeking approval* of a polymer for use in any soil condition (clay, silt, or other).
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Silts
A silt "soil" is characterized as having less than 20% of its particles < 2
m
m in size AND greater than 20% of its particles 2-25
m
m in size. This option is appropriate for those seeking approval* of a polymer for use only in silt soils. The 2-25
m
m size is representative of fine to medium silt soils.
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Site-Specific
Use of a site-specific "soil" provides an alternative for those seeking approval* of a polymer that may be customized for optimum performance (in both terms of suspended sediment removal and amount of polymer used) at a particular site. The results of a mechanical soil analysis characterizing the site soil sample particle size composition must be provided. The results of this analysis should be submitted with the results of the standpipe test entered on the "Standpipe Test Data Sheet." This option is provided since each site will have at least slight differences, if not significant differences, in soil chemical and physical characteristics. These differences may influence the effectiveness of any given polymer.
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Indicate which "soil" type is used in the standpipe test on the data sheet under "
v
Soil Type Used."
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*
Note that final approval of a polymer is granted only after it is demonstrated through both the standpipe and field tests that the polymer is effective and can be effectively applied.
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2.
Mix the solutions by completely inverting each graduated cylinder 3 times.
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3.
Add polymer mixture to each graduated cylinder. The volume and concentration of polymer added is the manufacturer's or supplier's choice, but must include a set volume and a gradient of "low" to "high" concentrations. The volume and each polymer concentration must be recorded on the data sheet. The purpose is to determine the lowest polymer mixture concentration needed to achieve effective removal of suspended solids. Ultimately the least amount of polymer mixture needed to achieve optimal performance should be used in the field.
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A minimum gradient of five polymer mixture concentrations is used to achieve the above stated purpose. The purpose of the five concentration gradient is to attempt to pinpoint the concentration that achieves optimal removal of suspended solids (i.e. least amount of polymer mixture required to remove a minimum of 95% of the suspended solids). This gradient should be sufficiently wide to show a range of effectiveness in removing suspended solids (with at least one, but preferably more, meeting the 95% removal level). A second goal of using a minimum of five concentrations is to avoid the occurrence of false negative outcomes in the polymer approval process. By having more concentrations across a gradient it is more likely to find truly effective concentrations that are less than the use restriction value. As is graphically depicted in Figure I, a polymer mixture will not be approved for field testing, and thus for inclusion on the PAL if its effective concentration (as determined in this laboratory stand pipe test) is greater than the use restriction value.
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4.
Mix the solutions by completely inverting each graduated cylinder 3 times.
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5.
Let the solution in each graduated cylinder settle for 5 minutes.
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6.
Determine the percent suspended solids reduction in each graduated cylinder as follows:
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a.
Heat/dry one evaporating or drying dish at 103 – 105
°
C for 1 hour for each graduated cylinder. Store the dishes in a desiccator until needed (steps b).
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b.
Weigh a dish out to at least one, and preferably more decimal points. Record this weight on the data sheet.
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c.
Collect 20 ml from within one of the graduated cylinders at the 1 liter mark and place in a preweighed evaporating or drying dish (from step a). Repeat steps b and c for each of the other graduated cylinders.
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d.
Evaporate and dry each of the 20 ml samples from step b at 98
°
C for at least 1 hour.
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e.
Cool each dish with sample in a desiccator to balance temperature
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f.
Weigh each dish with sample. Record this weight on the data sheet.
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g.
Subtract the weight of the dried dish (from step b) to determine the weight of the solids from the sample. Record this weight on the data sheet.
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* These methods follow, with slight modification, those of Standard Methods 2540 B. (1989).
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7.
The polymer passes this effectiveness test if it achieves
=
95 % reduction of suspended solids. Thus,
=
95 % reduction is achieved if the weight of the solids from the sample is
=
0.2 mg.
-
See PDF for table
-
See PDF for table
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8.
A photocopy of the completed data sheet should be sent to the following address for WisDOT review:
New Products Engineer, WisDOT, Technology Advancement, 3502 Kinsman Blvd., Madison, WI 53704. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 References: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Owens, D.W., P. Jopke, D.W. Hall, J. Balousek, and A. Roa. 2000. Soil erosion from two small construction sites, Dane County, Wisconsin . U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-109-00, 4 p. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Standard Methods Committee. 1989. 2540 Solids. In L.S. Clesceri, A. E. Greenberg, and R.R. Trussell, eds., Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 17 th Edition . American Public Health Association, Washington, DC. pp. 2-72 - 2-73. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Interim Sediment Control Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Water Application of Polymers Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 STANDPIPE TEST DATA SHEET Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Date(s): ___________________ Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Testing Laboratory: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Analyst(s) Initials: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Polymer Name: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Manufacturer Name: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Volume of Polymer Mixture Used: - See PDF for table
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Which polymer mixture concentration(s) achieved effective (
=
95%) reduction of suspended solids (i.e. final weight
=
0.2 mg solids)?
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______________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________
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Notes/Comments:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Please send a photocopy of this completed data sheet to:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
New Products Engineer, WisDOT, Technology Advancement, 3502 Kinsman B
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Erosion Control
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Land Application of Anionic Polyacrylamide
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1050 (07/01)
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Department of Natural Resources
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Conservation Practice Standard
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I.
Definition
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The land application of products containing watersoluble anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) as temporary soil binding agents to reduce erosion.
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II.
Purpose
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The purpose of this practice is to reduce erosion from wind and water on construction sites and agricultural lands.
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III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
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This practice is intended for direct soil surface application to sites where the timely establishment of vegetation may not be feasible or where vegetative cover is absent or inadequate. Such areas may include agricultural lands where plant residues are inadequate to protect the soil surface and construction sites where land disturbing activities or winter shutdown prevent establishment or maintenance of a cover crop. This practice is not intended for application to surface waters of the state as defined by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) ch.
NR 102
.
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IV.
Federal, State and Local Laws
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Anionic PAM application shall comply with all federal, state, and local laws, rules or regulations governing anionic PAM. The operator is responsible for securing required permits. This standard does not contain the text of the federal, state, or local laws governing anionic PAM.
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V.
Criteria
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A.
Toxicity Criteria. Anionic PAM mixtures shall be environmentally benign, harmless to fish, aquatic organisms, wildlife, and plants. Anionic PAM mixtures shall be non-combustible.
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1.
Cationic PAM shall not be used at any level because its toxicity to aquatic test species occurs at very low concentrations.
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2.
Anionic PAM mixtures shall have _ .05% free acrylamide monomer by weight as established by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
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3.
Each manufacturer or supplier shall provide to the WDNR acute toxicity test data from a certified lab, as defined in ch.
NR149
Wis. Adm. Code, for their anionic PAM mixture. Procedures specified in the "State of Wisconsin Aquatic Life Toxicity Testing Methods Manual", WDNR, as referenced in s.
NR 219.04
, Wis. Adm. Code shall be used. The WDNR use restriction shall be developed from this data.
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4.
Users of anionic PAM mixtures shall obtain and follow all Material Safety Data Sheet requirements, manufacturer recommendations, and WDNR use restrictions.
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B.
Application Criteria
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1.
The manufacturer or supplier shall provide a product expiration date for anionic PAM mixtures based on product expiration date of PAM in pure form. The manufacturer or supplier shall provide general written application methods, based on site conditions, such as slope and soil type.
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2.
Application rates shall not exceed manufacturer's written application rate recommendations that shall not exceed the WDNR use restrictions.
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3.
Maximum application rates, in parts per million (ppm or mg/L or mg/kg), shall be determined by multiplying 1.4 by the number of pounds applied per acre. This number shall be less than or equal to the WDNR use restriction. Higher concentrations of anionic PAM mixtures may actually decrease effectiveness. Repeated applications of anionic PAM mixtures may be applied, if necessary, to ensure adequate effectiveness.
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4.
The application method shall provide uniform coverage to the target area and avoid drift to non-target areas.
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5.
The manufacturer or supplier shall provide written instructions to insure proper safety, storage, and mixing of their product.
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6.
Anionic PAM mixtures shall be used in conjunction with other Best Management Practices (BMPs).
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7.
When used on bare soil, without seed or mulch, anionic PAM mixtures shall be used on slopes 2.5:1 or flatter.
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8.
Anionic PAM mixtures shall not be applied to channel bottoms.
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9.
The applicator of anionic PAM mixture shall document, at the time of application, the following: name of applicator, application rate per acre, date applied, product type, weather conditions during application, and method of application. Copies of this documentation shall be entered into the contractor's monitoring log or project diary and made available upon request.
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10.
Unused liquid anionic PAM mixtures shall be minimized. Excess material shall not be applied at a rate greater than the maximum application rate. Disposal shall not occur in stormwater conveyance systems (ie. Storm sewer manholes, storm sewer inlets, ditches, and culverts).
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C.
Product Approval Criteria
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1.
Toxicity test results shall be reviewed by the WDNR and shall receive a written product use restriction. Toxicity test results shall be submitted to: Water Quality Standards Section, WDNR, 101 South Webster St., P.O. Box 7921, Madison, WI 53707, as a pre-qualification for field testing.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Anionic PAM mixtures shall achieve _ 80% reduction in soil loss as measured by a 1 hour storm duration 2"/hour rainfall simulator test performed in accordance with methods used by Bubenzer and Patterson (1982) as a prequalification for field testing.
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3.
Performance of anionic PAM mixtures shall be verified and field-tested by the WisDOT or other WisDOT-designated facility.
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4.
The Wisconsin Department of Transportation, Erosion Control Storm Water – Product Acceptability List Committee (ECSW), will review and approve products as per the process set forth in WisDOT's PAL.
Only products approved for use in Wisconsin may be used.
Copies of the PAL are available off the State DOT web site:
http://www.dot.state.wi.us
. Questions may be sent to: New Products Engineer, WisDOT, Technology Advancement, 3502 Kinsman Blvd., Madison, WI 53704.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The following are additional recommendations, which may enhance the use of, or avoid problems with the practice.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Adding seed to the anionic PAM mixture may provide additional erosion protection beyond the life of the anionic PAM.
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B.
Mulching is typically needed to protect the seed from the effects of wind and sun. Seed germination is not enhanced or impeded by the anionic PAM mixture.
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C.
Using a minimum 30 ft setback when applying anionic PAM mixture near surface waters of the state is recommended.
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D.
Applying anionic PAM mixture to soil may provide benefits of improved water quality, infiltration, soil fertility, and visibility by reducing wind and water erosion.
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E.
For erosion control, the anionic PAM mixture may be applied upgradient of lands planted in food crops.
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F.
Application of anionic PAM mixture may be particularly effective in the following situations:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
During rough grading operations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
Phased construction projects
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
Stockpiles
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•
After final grading and before paving or final seeding and planting
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
Sites having a winter shutdown
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
Agricultural lands where plant residues are inadequate
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•
Sites receiving final landscaping, but where adequate vegetation cannot be established prior to winter.
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G.
Application of anionic PAM mixture may not be as effective in the following situations:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
When the soil surface is pure sand or gravel with no fines.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
When applied over snow cover.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
H.
Visible tracer or colorant to visually track application is recommended.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Anionic PAM mixtures may be applied in liquid and granular forms.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
J.
Application rates of anionic PAM mixtures may need to be adjusted based on soil type, slope, and type of erosion targeted (ie. wind or water). Based on manufacturer's recommendations, higher application rates may be necessary when applied in granular form.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
K.
Anionic PAM mixtures combined with water are very slippery and can be a safety hazard. Care must be taken to prevent spills of anionic PAM mixtures onto paved surfaces. During an application of anionic PAM mixture, prevent over-spray from reaching pavement, as pavement will become slippery.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
L.
Care should be taken when applying anionic PAM mixtures in liquid form on saturated slopes due to the possibility of slope structural failure. Anionic PAM mixtures may be applied to steeper slopes when used with other erosion control BMPs such as seed and mulch or erosion mat.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII.
Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Erosion control and stormwater plans specifying anionic PAM mixtures for erosion control shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Maintenance will consist of reapplying anionic PAM mixtures to disturbed areas, including high use traffic areas, which interfere in the performance of this practice. Anionic PAM mixture may lose its effectiveness in as little as two months due to weather conditions. Anionic PAM mixtures should be reapplied in areas where wind or rill erosion is apparent and whenever an area has been graded, driven upon, or otherwise disturbed since the anionic PAM mixture was last applied.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX.
References
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Bubenzer, G.D., and Patterson, A.E.,
Intake Rate: Sprinkler Infiltrometer,
Method of Soil Analysis, Part 1 Physical and Mineralogical Method, Second Edition, Chapter
33
, pp. 845-870. (Agronomy Monograph Series #9, 1982).
Managing Irrigation-Induced Erosion And Infiltration With Polyacrylamide, Proceedings From First Conference,
University of Idaho Miscellaneous Publication No. 101-96, (Kimberly, Idaho, USDA-ARS Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Lab, 1996).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Roa-Espinosa, A., Bubenzer, G.D. and Miyashita, E., Sediment and Runoff Control on Construction Sites Using Four Application Methods of Polyacrylamide Mix, National Conference on Tools for Urban Water Resource Management and Protection, Chicago, February 7-10, 2000, pp. 278- (EPA, 2000).
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Roa-Espinosa, A., Bubenzer, G.D. and Miyashita, E.,
Determination of PAM Use in Erosion Control on Construction Sites,
1
st
Inter-Regional Conference on Environment-Water: Innovative Issues in Irrigation and Drainage, Lisbon, Portugal, September 1998 (Portuguese National Committee of ICID, 1998).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Roa- Espinosa, A.,
Are there Safety Concerns or Environmental Concerns with PAM?
(Dane County Land Conservation Department, 1997).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sojka, R.E. and Lentz, R.D., "A PAM Primer: A brief history of PAM and PAM related issues,"
http://kimberly.ars.usda.gov
, (Kimberly, ID: USDA-ARS Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Lab, 1996).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1Wisconsin Administration Code (Wis.Adm.Code), Legislative Reference Bureau, Section
35.84
of the statutes (available online:
http://legis.wisconsin.gov/rsb/code.htm
).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Special recognition goes to Steve Decker
of Construction Fabrics & Materials Corp. (CFM). Steve was invaluable during the development of this technical standard because of his extensive field experience, his personal commitment to funding the research for toxicity testing, his vision and his steadfast determination to find an environmentally safe and effective erosion control product.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Mulching For
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Construction Sites
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1058 (06/03)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in X. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Mulching is the application of organic material to the soil surface to protect it from raindrop impact and overland flow. Mulch covers the soil and absorbs the erosive impact of rainfall and reduces the flow velocity of runoff.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purpose
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This practice may be used to:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
Reduce soil erosion
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
Aid in seed germination and establishment of plant cover
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
Conserve soil moisture
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III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This practice may be applied on exposed soils as a temporary control where soil grading or landscaping has taken place or in conjunction with temporary or permanent seeding. Mulching is generally not appropriate in areas of concentrated flow.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State, and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall comply with applicable federal, state and local laws, rules, regulations or permit requirements governing mulching. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Site Preparation:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Soil surface shall be prepared prior to the application of mulch in order to achieve the desired purpose and to ensure optimum contact between soil and mulch. All areas to be mulched shall be reasonably free of rills and gullies.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Materials:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Mulch shall consist of natural biodegradable material such as plant residue (including but not limited to straw, hay, wood chips, bark and wood cellulose fiber), or other equivalent materials of sufficient dimension (depth or thickness) and durability to achieve the intended effect for the required time period.
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Mulch shall be environmentally harmless to wildlife and plants. Materials such as gravel, plastic, fabric, sawdust, municipal solid waste,
solid waste byproducts
1
, shredded paper, and non-biodegradable products shall not be used.
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Mulch shall be free of diseased plant residue (i.e. oak wilt),
noxious weed
seeds, harmful chemical residues, heavy metals, hydrocarbons and other known environmental toxicants.
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Marsh hay shall not be used as mulch in lowland areas but may be used on upland sites to prevent the spread of invasive, non-native species (i.e. reed canary grass) commonly found in marsh hay.
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Straw and hay mulch that will be crimped shall have a minimum fiber length of 6 inches.
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Wood chips or wood bark shall only be used for sites that are not seeded.
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C.
Application Rate:
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1.
Mulch shall cover a minimum of 80% of the soil surface for unseeded areas. For seeded areas, mulch shall be placed loose and open enough to allow some sunlight to penetrate and air to circulate but still cover a minimum of 70% of the soil surface.
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2.
Mulch shall be applied at a uniform rate of 1
½
to 2 tons per acre for sites that are seeded, and 2 to 3 tons per acre for sites that are not seeded. This application results in a layer of
½
to 1
½
inches thick for seeded sites, and 1
½
to 3 inches thick for sites not seeded.
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3.
Wood chips or wood bark shall be applied at a rate of 6 to 9 tons per acre to achieve a minimum of 80% ground cover. This application should result in a layer of wood chips or wood bark
½
to 1
½
inches thick.
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D.
Mulch Anchoring Methods
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Anchoring of mulch shall be based on the type of mulch applied, site conditions, and accomplished by one of the following techniques:
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1.
Crimping
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Immediately after spreading, the mulch shall be anchored by a mulch crimper or equivalent device consisting of a series of dull flat discs with notched edges spaced approximately 8 inches apart. The mulch shall be impressed in the soil to a depth of 1 to 3 inches.
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2.
Polypropylene Plastic, or Biodegradable Netting
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Apply plastic netting over mulch application and staple according to manufacturer's recommendations.
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3.
Tackifier
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Tackifier shall be sprayed in conjunction with mulch or immediately after the mulch has been placed. Tackifiers must be selected from those that meet the WisDOT Erosion Control Product Acceptability List (PAL). Asphalt based products shall not be applied.
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The tackifiers shall be applied at the following minimum application rates per acre:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
Latex-Base: mix 15 gallons of adhesive (or the manufacturer's recommended rate which ever is greater) and a minimum of 250 pounds of recycled newsprint (pulp) as a tracer with 375 gallons of water.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
b.
Guar Gum: mix 50 pounds of dry adhesive (or the manufacturer's recommended rate which ever is greater) and a minimum of 250 pounds of recycled newsprint (pulp) as tracer with 1,300 gallons of water.
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c.
Other Tackifiers: (Hydrophilic Polymers) mix 100 pounds of dry adhesive (or the manufacturer's recommended rate which ever is greater) and a minimum of 250 pounds of recycled newsprint (pulp) as a tracer with 1,300 gallons of water.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Wood products typically absorb available soil nitrogen as they degrade, thus making it unavailable for seed.
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B.
The use of mulch behind curb and gutter may not be desirable unless anchored by netting, because air turbulence from nearby traffic can displace the mulch. Consider the use of erosion mat or sod as an alternative.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
In areas where lawn type turf will be established, the use of tackifiers is the preferred anchoring method. Crimping will tend to leave an uneven surface and plastic netting can become displaced and entangled in mowing equipment.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
A heavier application of mulch may be desired to prevent seedlings from being damaged by frost.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
It may be beneficial to apply polyacrylimide in addition to mulch. Refer to WDNR Conservation Practice Standard (1050) Erosion Control Land Application of Anionic Polyacrylamide for information about the advantages and proper use of polymers.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F.
Concentrated flows above the site where mulch is applied should be diverted.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
G.
Mulch should be placed within 24 hours of seeding.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
H.
Mulching operations should not be performed during periods of excessively high winds that would preclude the proper placement of mulch.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Materials such as gravel may be effective for erosion control but are not considered mulches.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII.
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Plans and specifications for mulching shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose. The plans and specifications shall address the following:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Type of mulch used
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Application rate
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Timing of application
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Method of anchoring
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include schedules for installation, inspection, and maintenance. The responsible party shall be identified.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Mulch shall, at a minimum, be inspected weekly and within 24 hours after every precipitation event that produces 0.5 inches of rain or more during a 24 hour period.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Mulch that is displaced shall be reapplied and properly anchored. Maintenance shall be completed as soon as possible with consideration to site conditions.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX.
References
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1WisDOT's Erosion Control Product Acceptability List (PAL) can be found on the WisDOT web site:
http://www.dot.wisconsin.gov/business/engrserv/pal.htm
.
Printed copies are no longer being distributed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
X.
Definitions
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Noxious weed
(V.B): Any weed a governing body declares to be noxious within its respective boundaries. The State of Wisconsin list of noxious weeds can be found in s.
66.0407
, Stats.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Solid Waste Byproducts
(V.B): Includes industrial, commercial, residential, and agricultural wastes that have been processed, incinerated, or composted and still contain inorganic wastes such as glass and metals and organic wastes including plastics, textiles, rubber, leather, and other miscellaneous organic wastes which may be toxic or hazardous in nature.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Non-Channel Erosion Mat
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1052 (08/03)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in X. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A protective soil cover made of straw, wood, coconut fiber or other suitable plant residue, or plastic fibers formed into a mat, usually with a plastic or biodegradable mesh on one or both sides. Erosion mats are rolled products available in many varieties and combinations of material and with varying life spans.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purpose
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The purpose of this practice is to protect the soil surface from the erosive effect of rainfall and prevent
sheet erosion
1
during the establishment of grass or other vegetation, and to reduce soil moisture loss due to evaporation. This practice applies to both
Erosion Control Revegetative Mats (ECRM
) and
Turf-Reinforcement Mats
(
TRM
).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This standard applies to erosion mat selection for use on erodible slopes.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This standard is not for channel erosion; for channel applications reference WDNR Conservation Practice Standard (1053) Channel Erosion Mat.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State, and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of erosion mat. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This section establishes the minimum allowable standards for design, installation and performance requirements. Only Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) Erosion Control Product Acceptability List (PAL) approved mats will be accepted for use in this standard.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Slope and slope length shall be taken into consideration. This information can be found in the Slope Erosion Control Matrix located in the PAL.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
To differentiate applications Erosion mats are organized into three Classes of mats, which are further broken down into various Types.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Class I: A short-term duration (minimum of 6 months), light duty, organic mat with photodegradable plastic or biodegradable netting.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Type A
– Use on erodible slopes 2.5:1 or flatter.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Type B – Double netted product for use on erodible slopes 2:1 or flatter.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Class I, Urban: A short-term duration (minimum of 6 months), light duty, organic erosion control mat for areas where mowing may be accomplished within two weeks after installation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Urban, Type
A – Use on erodible soils with slopes 4:1 or flatter.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Urban, Type B – A double netted product for use on slopes 2.5:1 or flatter.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Class II: A long-term duration (three years or greater), organic erosion control revegetative mat.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Type A – Jute fiber only for use on slopes 2:1 or flatter for sod reinforcement.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Type B – For use on slopes 2:1 or greater made with plastic or biodegradable net.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Type C – A woven mat of 100% organic fibers for use on slopes 2:1 or flatter and in environmentally and biologically sensitive areas where plastic netting is inappropriate.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Class III: A permanent 100% synthetic ECRM or TRM. Either a soil stabilizer Type A or Class I, Type A or B erosion mat must be placed over the soil filled TRM.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Type A – An ECRM for use on slopes 2:1 or flatter.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Type B or C – A TRM for use on slopes 2:1 or flatter.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Type D – A TRM for use on slopes 1:1 or flatter.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
Material Selection
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
For mats that utilize netting, the netting shall be bonded to the parent material to prevent separation of the net for the life of the product.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
For urban class mats the following material requirements shall be adhered to:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
Only 100% organic biodegradable netted products are allowed, including parent material, stitching, and netting.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
b.
The netting shall be stitched with biodegradable thread/yarn to prevent separation of the net from parent material.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
c.
All materials and additive components used to manufacture the anchoring devices shall be completely biodegradable as determined by ASTM D 5338.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
d.
Mats with photodegradable netting shall not be installed after September 1
st
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F.
Installation
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
ECRMs shall be installed after all topsoiling, fertilizing, liming and seeding is complete.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
The mat shall be in firm and intimate contact with the soil. It shall be installed and anchored per the manufacturer's recommendation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
TRM shall be installed in conjunction with the topsoiling operation and shall be followed by ECRM installation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
At time of installation, document the manufacturer and mat type by retention of material labels and manufacturer's installation instructions. Retain this documentation until the site has been stabilized.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Urban mats may be used in lieu of sod.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Documentation of materials used, monitoring logs, project diary and weekly inspection forms, including erosion and stormwater management plans, should be turned over to the authority charged with long term maintenance of the site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII.
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Plans and specifications for installing erosion mat shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose. The plans and specifications shall address the following:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Location of erosion mat
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Installation Sequence
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Material specification conforming to standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include schedule for installation, inspection, and maintenance. The responsible party shall be identified.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Erosion mat shall at a minimum be inspected weekly and within 24 hours after every precipitation event that produces 0.5 inches of rain or more during a 24-hour period.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
If there are signs of rilling under the mat, install more staples or more frequent anchoring trenches. If rilling becomes severe enough to prevent establishment of vegetation, remove the section of mat where the damage has occurred. Fill the eroded area with topsoil, compact, reseed and replace the section of mat, trenching and overlapping ends per manufacturer's recommendations. Additional staking is recommended near where rilling was filled.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
If the reinforcing plastic netting has separated from the mat, remove the plastic and if necessary replace the mat.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Maintenance shall be completed as soon as possible with consideration to site conditions.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX.
References
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
WisDOT "Erosion Control Product Acceptability List" is available online at
http://www.dot.wisconsin.gov/business/engrserv/pal.htm
. Printed copies are no longer distributed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
X.
Definitions
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sheet and Rill Erosion (II)
: Sheet and rill erosion is the removal of soil by the action of rainfall and shallow overland runoff. It is the first stage in water erosion. As flow becomes more concentrated rills occur. As soil detachment continues or flow increases,
rills
will become wider and deeper forming gullies.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Erosion Control Revegetative Mats (ECRM) (II)
: Erosion control revegetative mats are designed to be placed on the soil surface.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Turf-Reinforcement Mats (TRM) (II)
: Turf-reinforcement mats are permanent devices constructed from various types of synthetic materials and buried below the surface to help stabilize the soil. TRMs must be used in conjunction with an ECRM or an approved Type A soil stabilizer.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sediment Bale Barrier
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
(Non-Channel)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1055 (08/03)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in IX. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A temporary sediment barrier consisting of a row of entrenched and anchored straw bales, hay bales or equivalent material used to intercept sediment-laden sheet flow from small drainage areas of disturbed soil.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purpose
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The purpose of this practice is to reduce slope length of the disturbed area and to intercept and retain transported sediment from disturbed areas.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
This standard applies to the following applications where:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Erosion occurs in the form of
sheet and rill erosion
1
. There is no concentration of water flowing to the barrier (
channel erosion
).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Where adjacent areas need protection from sediment-laden runoff.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Effectiveness is required for less than 3 months.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Conditions allow for the bales to be properly entrenched and staked as outlined in the Criteria Section V.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Under no circumstance shall sediment bale barriers be used in the following applications:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Below the ordinary high watermark or placed perpendicular to flow in streams, swales, ditches or any place where flow is concentrated.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Where the maximum gradient upslope of the sediment bale barriers is greater than 50% (2:1).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State, and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of the sediment bale barrier. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Placement
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
At a minimum, sediment bale barriers shall be placed in a single row, lengthwise on the contour, with the ends of adjacent sediment bale barriers tightly abutting one another
.
The holes between bales shall be chinked (filled by wedging) with straw, hay or equivalent material to prevent water from escaping between the bales.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
The maximum allowable slope lengths contributing runoff to a sediment bale barrier are specified in Table 1.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Table 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Sediment bale barriers shall not be placed perpendicular to the contour.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
The end of the sediment bale barrier shall be extended upslope to prevent water from flowing around the barrier ends.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Height – Installed sediment bale barrier shall be a minimum of 10 inches high and shall not exceed a maximum height of 20 inches from ground level.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Anchoring and Support
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
The barrier shall be entrenched and backfilled. A trench shall be excavated the width of a sediment bale barrier and the length of the proposed barrier to a minimum depth of 4 inches. After bales are staked and chinked, the excavated soil shall be backfilled and compacted against the barrier. Backfill to ground level on the down slope side. On the upslope side of the sediment bale barrier backfill to 4 inches above ground level.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
At least two wood stakes, "T" or "U" steel posts, or
½
inch rebar driven through at equidistance along the centerline of the barrier shall securely anchor each bale. The minimum cross sectional area for wood stakes shall be 2.0 by 2.0 inches nominal. The first stake in each bale shall be driven toward the previously laid bale to force the bales together. Stakes shall be driven a minimum 12-inches into the ground to securely anchor the sediment bale barriers.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Bales shall be installed so that bindings are oriented around the sides rather than along the tops and bottoms of the bales in order to prevent deterioration of the bindings.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Improper placement as well as improper installation and maintenance of sediment bale barriers will significantly decrease the effectiveness of this practice.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Sediment bale barriers should not be used upslope of the disturbed area.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
A double row of sediment bale barriers may be installed in areas where additional protection is needed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
For safety, place all anchoring flush with the sediment bale barrier or cap any exposed anchoring device.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII.
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Plans and specifications for installing sediment bale barriers shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose. The plans and specifications shall address the following:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Location of sediment bale barrier
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Contributory drainage area
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Schedules
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Standard drawings and installation details
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5.
Restoration after removal
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include schedule for installation, inspection, and maintenance. The responsible party shall be identified.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Sediment bale barriers shall, at a minimum, be inspected weekly and within 24 hours after every precipitation event that produces 0.5 inches of rain or more during a 24-hour period.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Damaged or decomposed sediment bale barriers, any undercutting, or flow channels around the end of the sediment bale barriers shall be repaired.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Sediment shall be properly disposed of once the deposits reach 1/2 the height of the sediment bale barrier.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Sediment bale barriers and anchoring devices shall be removed and properly disposed of when they have served their usefulness, but not before the upslope areas have been permanently stabilized.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
Any sediment deposits remaining in place after the sediment bale barrier is no longer required shall be dressed to conform to the existing grade, prepared and seeded.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX.
Definitions
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Channel Erosion
(III.A.1): The deepening and widening of a channel due to soil loss caused by flowing water. As rills become larger and flows begin to concentrate soil detachment occurs primarily as a result of shear. The transport capacity of the flow in a channel is based on the availability of sediment and is a monatomic function of velocity.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sheet and Rill Erosion
(III.A.1): Sheet and rill erosion is the removal of soil by the action of rainfall and shallow overland runoff. It is the first stage in water erosion. As flow becomes more concentrated rills occur. As soil detachment continues or flow increases, rills will become wider and deeper forming gullies.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sediment Basin
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1064 (03/06)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in X. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A sediment control device constructed with an engineered outlet, formed by excavation or embankment to intercept sediment-laden runoff and retain the sediment.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purposes
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Detain sediment-laden runoff from disturbed areas for sufficient time to allow the majority of the sediment to settle out.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sediment basins are utilized in areas of concentrated flow or points of discharge during construction activities. Sediment basins shall be constructed at locations accessible for clean out. Site conditions must allow for runoff to be directed into the basin.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sediment basins are designed to be in place until the contributory drainage area has been
stabilized
1
. Sediment basins are temporary and serve drainage areas up to 100 acres however other conservation practices are often more economical for smaller drainage areas. For drainage areas smaller than 5 acres sediment traps or ditch checks may be applicable; for design criteria refer to WDNR conservation Practice Standard Sediment Trap (1063) or Ditch Check (1062).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Design to WDNR Conservation Practice Standard Wet Detention Basin (1001) when a permanent stormwater basin is required.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State, and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of sediment basins. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements. Sediment basins meeting these design criteria are deemed 80% effective by design in trapping sediment.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Timing – Sediment basins shall be constructed prior to disturbance of up-slope areas and placed so they function during all phases of construction. Sediment basins shall be placed in locations where runoff from disturbed areas can be diverted into the basin.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Sizing Criteria – Properly sized sediment basins are more effective at trapping fine-grained particles than sediment traps. Specific trapping efficiency varies based on the surface area and the particle size distribution of the sediment entering the device. See Figure 1 for clarification of terms. Attachment 1 includes a sample design problem.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Treatment Surface Area
– The surface area of the sediment basin measured at the invert of the lowest outlet. The treatment surface area shall be sized based on the texture of the soil entering
the device and the peak outflow during the 1-year, 24-hour design storm using Equation 1:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
S
a
= 1.2 * (q
out
/
v
s
)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Where:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
S
a
= Treatment surface area measured at the invert of the lowest outlet of sediment basin (square feet)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
out
= Peak outflow (cubic feet / second) during the 1-year, 24-hour design storm for the principal outlet
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
v
s
= Particle settling velocity (feet/second)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.2
=
EPA recommended safety factor
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Particle settling velocities (
V
s) shall be based on representative soil class as follows:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
Soil Class 1:
v
s
= 1.2*10
-3
ft/sec
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
b.
Soil Class 2:
v
s
= 7.3*10
-5
ft/sec
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
c.
Soil Class 3:
v
s
= 1.2*10
-5
ft/sec
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Particle settling velocities calculated assuming a specific gravity of 2.65 and a water temperature of 68 degrees Fahrenheit.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Soil Class 1 includes particles greater than 20 microns generally corresponding to sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Soil Class 2 includes particles between 5 and 20 microns generally corresponding to loam, silt, and silt loam aggregates as transported in runoff.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Soil Class 3 includes particles between 2 and 5 microns generally corresponding to clay loam, silty clay, and clay aggregates as transported in runoff.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The representative soil class shall be selected based on the dominant textural class of the soil entering the device.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The treatment surface area of sediment basins can be reduced when used in conjunction with water applied polymers. When employing polymers, size the treatment surface area for controlling fine soils (Class 3) using the settling velocity for medium soils (Class 2). When designing for medium sized soils (Class 2) use the settling velocity for coarse soils (Class 1). See WDNR Conservation Practice Standard Sediment Control Water Application of Polymers (1051) for criteria governing the proper use and selection of polymers.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Depth below Treatment Surface Area – The depth below the treatment surface area as measured from the invert of the lowest outlet of the sediment basin shall be a minimum of 5 feet deep (2 feet for sediment storage plus 3 feet to protect against scour/ resuspension) and a maximum of 10 feet deep to limit the potential for thermal stratification.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Due to side slope requirements and safety shelf considerations it maybe difficult to maintain 5 feet of depth for the entire treatment surface area. Therefore, 50% of the total treatment surface area shall be a minimum of 5 feet deep. For basins less than 5,000 square feet, maximize the area of 5 feet depth.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Interior side slopes below the lowest invert shall be 2:1 (horizontal: vertical) or flatter to maintain soil stability.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
While a permanent pool of water below the lowest invert may form, it is not required to be maintained through irrigation or installation of a liner system.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Active Storage Volume
– The volume above the treatment surface area shall be calculated using one of the following methods:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
The method outlined in TR-55 for determining the storage volume for detention basins. This can be accomplished by using Figure 2 where:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
o
= Peak outflow (cubic feet / second) during the 1-year, 24-hour design storm for the principal outlet calculated using Equation 1 (see section V.B.1).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
i
= Calculated peak inflow or runoff rate (cubic feet / second) during the 1-year, 24-hour design storm.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Vr
= Calculated volume of runoff from the 1-year 24-hour design storm for the entire contributory area with the maximum area of disturbance characterized as bare soil.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Vs
= Is the required active storage volume determined using Figure 2.
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b.
The active storage volume may be calculated based on routing the 1-year, 24-hour storm provided the principal outlet requirements stipulated in section V.D.2 are maintained. This method will require the use of a model.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Both these methods require iterative calculations.
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Shape
– The length to width ratio of the flow path shall be maximized with a goal of 3:1 or greater. The flow path is considered the general direction of water flow within the basin including the treatment surface area and any forebay.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Embankments – Earthen embankments shall be designed to address potential risk and structural integrity issues such as seepage and saturation. All constructed earthen embankments shall meet the following criteria.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
The base of the embankment shall be stripped of all vegetation, stumps, topsoil and other organic matter.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Side slopes shall be 3:1 or flatter. The minimum embankment top width shall be adequate to provide structural stability. Where applicable the top width shall be wide enough to provide maintenance access.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
There shall be a core trench or key-way along the embankment.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Any pipes extending through the embankment shall be bedded and backfilled with equivalent soils used to construct the embankment. The bedding and backfill shall be compacted in lifts and to the same standard as the original embankment. Excavation through a completed embankment shall have a minimum side slope of 1:1 or flatter.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Measures shall be taken to minimize seepage along any conduit buried in the embankment.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Outlet
– Sediment basins shall have both a principal outlet and an overflow spillway.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Timing – Outlets must be constructed in conjunction with the remainder of the basin and must be constructed prior to the basin receiving runoff. Sediment basins are ineffective until the outlet is constructed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Principal Water Quality Outlet – The principal water quality outlet shall be designed to pass the 1-year 24-hour storm without use of the overflow spillway or other outlet structures. The maximum outflow (q
o
)
from the principal water quality outlet shall be less than or equal to the
q
o
used in Equation 1 (V.B.1). If the sediment basin is to serve as a permanent stormwater basin, the principal outlet structure can be modified (i.e. removable plates) to meet flow requirements encountered during and after construction; separate outlet structures do not need to be constructed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Local ordinances may require control of larger storm events such as the 2-year 24 hour storms. In these cases, additional or compound outlets maybe required.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Overflow (Emergency) Spillway – An overflow spillway shall be provided consisting of an open channel constructed adjacent to the embankment and built over a stabilized area. The spillway shall be designed to carry the peak rate of runoff expected from a 10-year, 24-hour design storm or one commensurate with the degree of hazard, less any reduction due to flow in the principal outlet. The top of the embankment shall be at least one foot above the design high water level and a minimum of 1 foot above the invert of the overflow spillway. The overflow spillway shall be protected from erosion. Flow from the overflow spillway shall be directed away from the embankment.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Outlet Protection – All outlet designs shall incorporate preventive measures for ice damage, trash accumulation, and erosion at the outfall. For orifices less than 8-inches in diameter, or equivalent, additional measures to prevent clogging are required.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
Inlet Protection – Inlets shall be designed to prevent scour and reduce velocities during peak flows. Possible design options include flow diffusion, plunge pools, directional berms, baffles, or other energy dissipation structures.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F.
Location – Temporary sediment basins should be located to provide access for cleanout and disposal of trapped sediment.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
G.
Removal – Temporary sediment basins shall be removed after the contributing drainage area has been stabilized. Complete final grading and restoration according to the site plans. If standing water needs to be removed it shall be done in accordance with WDNR Conservation Practice Standard Dewatering (1061).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
When constructing a sediment basin that will also serve as the long-term stormwater detention pond, build the sediment basin to the larger of the two sizes required either for stormwater control or erosion control. In addition, when sizing the outlet structure first design the outlet for the long-term stormwater management requirements then check to satisfy the flow requirements for sediment control during construction. If additional flow restriction is needed consider use of a temporary restriction plates or other measures to avoid having to construct separate outlet structures for the sediment basin and stormwater basin.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Over-excavation beyond the required depth in the sediment storage area of the sediment basin may allow for less frequent maintenance. Addition of other measures in the contributing drainage area may reduce sediment accumulation and associated maintenance requirements.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
The use of a sediment forebay can extend the useful life of the main sediment storage area by trapping the majority of sediment in the forebay area. Separation of the forebay from the rest of the basin requires construction of a submerged shelf (if wet) or a stone or stabilized earthen embankment. The forebay should have a surface area equal to at least 12% of the total basin area.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
In addition to soil stability issues, interior slopes of sediment basins should be selected based on safety issues commensurate with the degree of hazard.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII.
Plans and Specifications
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A.
Plans and specifications for installing sediment basins shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Location of sediment basin
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Schedules and sequence of installation and removal
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Standard drawings and installation details
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Control structure detail and layout
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5.
Sizing of sediment storage area
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
6.
Maintenance requirements
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include sequence for installation, inspection, and maintenance requirements. The responsible party shall be identified.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Sediment basins shall, at a minimum, be inspected weekly and within 24 hours after every precipitation event that produces 0.5 inches of rain or more during a 24-hour period.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Sediment shall be removed to maintain the three foot depth of the treatment surface area as measured from the invert of the principal outlet. Sediment may need to be removed more frequently.
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C.
If the outlet becomes clogged it shall be cleaned to restore flow capacity.
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D.
Provisions for proper disposal of the sediment removed shall be made.
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E.
Maintenance shall be completed as soon as possible with consideration to site conditions.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX.
References
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1Chapter
NR 333
, Dam and Design Construction.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Hann, Barfield, and Hayes. Design Hydrology and Sedimentology for Small Catchments. Academic Press Inc., 1994.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Robert E. Pitt, Small Storm Hydrology.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1US Bureau of Reclamation, Design of Small Dams.
http://www.usbr.gov/pmts/hydraulics_lab/pubs/index.cfm
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Ponds – Planning, Design, Construction. Agriculture Handbook No. 590, Revised September 1997.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
WDNR Conservation Practice Standard 1001 Wet Detention Basin.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
X.
Definitions
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Active Storage Volume
(V.B.3) – Is measured from the invert of the lowest outlet to the invert of the emergency spillway.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Stabilized (III)
– Means protecting exposed soil from erosion.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Treatment Surface Area
(V.B.1) – Is the surface area of the sediment basin measured at the invert of the lowest outlet.
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Figure 1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Clarification of Sediment Basin Terminology
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Figure 2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Approximate Detention Basin Routing for Type II Storms
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Table 1 provides a summary of the 1-year, 24-hour rainfall totals using NRCS mandated TP-40 which has not been updated since 1961. Table 2 provides a summary of more current data from the Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the Midwest published in 1992. Local requirements may dictate the use of one dataset over the other.
-
See PDF for table
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Attachment 1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sample Sediment Basin Design Problem
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The proper sizing and design of a sediment basin will often require iterative calculations. The technical standard for sizing sediment basins was written to give the designer as much flexibility as possible in designing the basin while meeting water quality requirements. The governing equation relates the surface area of the sediment basin to the outflow and critical particle settling velocity. The larger the sediment basin outflow, the larger the surface area required to settle the particle. As the outflow is reduced, a smaller surface area is required however the required storage volume dictates how small a surface area can become through the storage depth or hydraulic head acting on the outlet.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The particle settling velocities are listed in the standard requiring the designer to either start with a desired outflow based on an outlet size or an estimated starting surface area. The sample equation below starts with an estimated surface area.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sample Problem:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A 10 acre site is being developed into condos. Eight acres of the site are being disturbed while 2 acres of forest are remaining undisturbed. The dominate soils on the site are silt loam. The 1-year, 24-hour design storm is 2.25 inches.
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Step 1
: Calculate runoff volume and peak using TR-55 or approved method.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
From TR-55 the curve number (CN) for the disturbed area is 86 and the CN for the forested area is 55 resulting in a composite CN of 80. Using TR-55, the runoff volume calculated for the 1-year 24-hour design storm is 0.7 inches (0.6 acre-feet for the entire 10-acre site). The time of concentration was calculated as 0.4 hours resulting in a peak flow of 6 cfs.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Step 2
: Begin sizing sediment basin using Equation 1. The technical standard lists silt loam under particle class 2 with a settling velocity of 7.3*10
-5
ft/sec. We are also going to assume a starting surface area of 0.25 acres (10,890 ft
2
). An alternative approach is to assume an outflow velocity.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
SA = 1.2 * (
q
out
/
v
s
)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Solve for
q
out
: 10,980 ft
2
= 1.2 * (
q
out
/ 7.3*10
-5
ft/sec)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
out
= 0.67 cfs
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Step 3:
Using Figure 2: Approximate Detention Basin Routing for Type II Storms determines the volume of storage (V
S
) needed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
out
= 0.67 cfs (calculated in Step 2)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
in
= 6.0 cfs (peak flow calculated using TR-55 in Step 1)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V
R
= 0.6 acre-feet (volume of runoff calculated using TR-55 in Step 1)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
out
/
q
in
= 0.67 cfs / 6.0 cfs = 0.11. Using Figure 2 with a
q
out
/
q
in
= 0.11, the V
S
/V
R
is determined to be 0.54. Therefore the V
S
= 0.54 * 0.6 acre-feet = 0.324 acre-feet (14,113 ft
3
)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Step 4:
Check configuration: Calculate maximum head on outlet using surface area and volume.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
SA = 10,890 ft
2
and a V
S
= 14,113 ft
3
we get a depth (H) of 1.29 feet = 14,113 ft
3
/ 10,890 ft
2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Step 5:
Size Outlet: Assuming an orifice type outlet calculate the size needed to meet the
q
out
calculated in Step 1 and the H calculated in Step 4.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Using the orifice equation:
q
out
= C*A*(2gH)
1/2
with C=0.6 (coefficient) , A = Area = ft
2
, g = 32.2, and H = hydraulic head expressed in feet.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
out
= 0.6*A*(2*32.2* H)
1/2
so 0.66 = 0.6*A*(2*32.2*1.29)
1/2
therefore A = .12 ft
2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
An area of 0.12 ft
2
corresponds to an orifice outlet of 4.7 inches in diameter.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Step 6:
Iteration: While the above solution works, the sediment basin has not been optimally sized and we have an orifice diameter that is not a standard pipe size. An iterative approach can be used to reduce the surface area of the sediment basin and obtain a more common orifice diameter. We can assume a 4-inch orifice since it is close to diameter calculated in Step 5 and we can start with the depth we calculated in Step 4. The iterations below each represent Steps 2 through 5.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Iteration 1:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
out
= 0.43 (H)
1/2
= 0.43 (1.29)
1/2
= 0.48 cfs which is less than the 0.66 cfs calculated in Step 1. Therefore, we can go back to Step 1 and repeat the sizing procedure and downsize the sediment basin.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
SA = 1.2 * (
q
out
/
v
s
) = 1.2 * (0.48 cfs / 7.3*10
-5
ft/sec) = 7,890 ft
2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Using Figure 2:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
out
= 0.48 cfs
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
in
= 6.0 cfs (peak flow calculated using TR-55 in Step 1)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V
R
= 0.6 acre-feet (volume of runoff calculated using TR-55 in Step 1)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
out
/
q
in
= 0.48 cfs / 6.0 cfs = 0.08. Using Figure 2 with a
q
out
/
q
in
= 0.08, the V
S
/V
R
is determined to be 0.62. Therefore the V
S
= 0.62 * 0.6 acre-feet = 0.372 acre-feet (16,204 ft
3
)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
SA = 7,890 ft
2
and a V
S
= 16,204 ft
3
we get a depth (H) of 2.05 feet = 16,204 ft
3
/ 7,890 ft
2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
out
= 0.43 (H)
1/2
= 0.43 (2.05)
1/2
= 0.61 cfs which is more than the 0.48 cfs we used so iterate.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Iteration 2:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
SA = 1.2 * (
q
out
/
v
s
) = 1.2 * (0.61 cfs / 7.3*10
-5
ft/sec) = 10,027 ft
2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Using Figure 2:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
out
= 0.61 cfs
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
in
= 6.0 cfs (peak flow calculated using TR-55 in Step 1)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V
R
= 0.6 acre-feet (volume of runoff calculated using TR-55 in Step 1)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
out
/
q
in
= 0.61 cfs / 6.0 cfs = 0.10 Using Figure 2 with a
q
out
/
q
in
= 0.10, the V
S
/V
R
is determined to be 0.54. Therefore the V
S
= 0.54 * 0.6 acre-feet = 0.324 acre-feet (14,113 ft
3
)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
SA = 10,027 ft
2
and a V
S
= 14,113 ft
3
we get a depth (H) of 1.41 feet = 14,113 ft
3
/ 10,027 ft
2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
q
out
= 0.43 (H)
1/2
= 0.43 (1.41)
1/2
= 0.51 cfs which is less than the 0.61 cfs we used so we are OK or we can iterate again until we have q
out
that are almost identical.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
After Iteration 2, we have a sediment basin with a SA = 10,027 ft
2
and a V
S
= 14,113 ft
3
. We have a principal water quality outlet consisting of a 4-inch orifice. This design meets the water quality requirements of the technical standard.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sediment Trap
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1063 (09/05)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A
temporary
1
sediment control device formed by excavation and/or embankment to intercept sediment-laden runoff and to retain the sediment.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purposes
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
To detain sediment-laden runoff from disturbed areas for sufficient time to allow the majority of the sediment to settle out.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sediment traps are utilized in areas of concentrated flow or points of discharge during construction activities. Sediment traps shall be constructed at locations accessible for clean out. Sediment traps are designed to be in place until the contributory drainage area has been
stabilized
. The contributory drainage area shall be a maximum of 5 acres. For concentrated flow areas smaller than one acre, ditch checks may be installed; refer to WDNR conservation practice standard Ditch Check (1062). For larger drainage areas and/or for sediment basins requiring an engineered outlet structure refer to WDNR conservation practice standard Sediment Basin (1064) or Wet Detention Basin (1001).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State, and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of sediment traps. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Timing
– Sediment traps shall be constructed prior to disturbance of up-slope areas and placed so they function during all phases of construction. Sediment traps shall be placed in locations where runoff from disturbed areas can be diverted into the traps.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Sizing Criteria
– Properly sized sediment traps are relatively effective at trapping medium and coarse-grained particles. To effectively trap fine-grained particles, the sediment trap must employ a large surface area or polymers. The specific trapping efficiency of a sediment trap varies based on the surface area, depth of dead storage, and the particle size distribution and concentration of sediment entering the device.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1. Surface Area – The minimum surface area of a sediment trap shall be based on the dominant textural class of the soil entering the device. The surface area calculated below represents the surface for the permanent pool area
(if wet) or the surface area for the dead storage. This surface area is measured at the invert of the stone outlet (see Figure 1). Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 a. For coarse textured soils (loamy sand, sandy loam, and sand): Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A s (coarse) = 625 * A dr Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 b. For medium textured soils (loams, silt loams, and silt): Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A s (medium) = 1560 * A dr Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 c. For fine textured soils (sandy clay, silty clay, silty clay loam, clay loam, and clay): Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A s (fine) = 5300 * A dr Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 For the equations above: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A s = surface area of storage volume in square feet Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A dr = contributory drainage area in acres Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Note: The equations above were derived using a representative particle distribution for detached sediment for each textural class. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Sediment traps designed based on this standard will achieve 80% reduction of suspended solids for the drainage area. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 d. The surface area of sediment traps used in areas with fine to medium sized soils can be reduced when used in conjunction with water applied polymers. When employing polymers, size the surface area for controlling fine particles using the criteria for medium soils (V.B.1.b.) and when controlling medium sized particles use the sizing equation contained in (V.B.1.a.) for coarse soils. See WDNR Conservation Practice Standard Sediment Control Water Application of Polymers (1051) for criteria governing the proper use and selection of polymers. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2. Depth – The depth of the sediment trap measured from the sediment trap bottom to the invert of the stone outlet, shall be at least three feet to minimize re-suspension and provide storage for sediment. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 3. Shape – The sediment trap shall have a length to width ratio of at least 2:1. The position of the outlet to the inlet shall be as such to minimize short-circuiting of the water flow path. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 4. Side Slopes – Side slopes shall be no steeper than 2:1. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Note: A sediment trap sized with the surface area equations above, a three-foot depth, and 2:1 side slopes will generally result in an 80% sediment reduction. Slopes flatter than 2:1 will require larger surface areas to provide adequate storage. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 C. Embankment – Embankments of temporary sediment traps shall not exceed five feet in height measured from the downstream toe of the embankment to the top of the embankment. Construct embankments with a minimum top width of four feet, and side slopes of 2:1 or flatter. Earthen embankments shall be compacted. Where sediment traps are employed as a perimeter control, the embankments shall have stabilization practices place prior to receiving runoff. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 D. Outlet – Sediment traps shall be constructed with both a principal and emergency spillway. The stone outlet of a sediment trap shall consist of a stone section of embankment (stone outlet) located at the discharge point. The stone outlet section provides a means of dewatering the basin back to the top of the permanent storage between storm events, and also serves as a non-erosive emergency spillway for larger flow events. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. Outlet Size – The size of the outlet shall depend on the contributory drainage area and desired outflow. The length of the stone outlet / weir outlet can be calculated based on the size of the drainage area found in Table 1. Refer to section IX References for the equation used to calculate flow through a stone outlet or gabion. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Table 1 Weir Length - See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The emergency spillway (top of the weir) shall be sized to adequately pass the 10-year 24-hour storm without over topping the sediment trap. The crest of the spillway shall be at least one foot below the top of the embankment. The, minimum weir lengths provided in Table 1 are adequate to pass the 10 year event.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
The weir length has little effect on overall treatment efficiency provided the sizing criteria in Section V.B. is adhered to. The stone outlet shall have a minimum top width of 2 feet and a maximum side-slope of 2:1. Discharge from the sediment basin shall be safely conveyed to a stormwater facility, drainage way, or waterbody. The discharge velocity shall be below the velocity to initiate scour unless appropriate stabilization methods are employed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Stone Size – Stone shall consist of angular well graded 3 to 6 inch clear washed stone.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Keyway Trench – The stone outlet shall be protected from undercutting by excavating a keyway trench across the stone foundation and up the sides to the height of the outlet. See Figure 1. Underlying with geotextile fabric is optional.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
Provide access for cleanout and disposal of trapped sediment.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Sediment traps generally require excessive surface areas to settle clay particles and fine silts. If these conditions exist on the site consider using a sediment basin (DNR Conservation Practice Standard Sediment Basin 1064) or adding polymer to the sediment trap. See WDNR Conservation Practice Standard Sediment Control Water Application of Polymers (1051) for criteria governing the use of polymers
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
To improve trapping efficiency, filter fabric can be placed on the up-slope side of the stone outlet / gabion and anchored with stone. When fabric is utilized to enhance filtering, more frequent maintenance is required to prevent clogging. When using fabric, a monofilament type fabric shall be used (such as WisDOT Type FF). The apparent opening size of the fabric, not the stone size, will dictate the flow rate through the outlet therefore outlet lengths need to be calculated since values in Table 1 are based on stone. When calculating the size of the outlet a clogging factor of 50% should be used for the fabric.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Consider possible interference with construction activities when locating sediment traps.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Provisions should be made for protecting the embankment from failure caused by storms exceeding the 10-year design requirement. Consider a stabilized and non-erosive emergency spillway bypass.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
In general, groundwater impacts from temporary sediment traps that have storage areas in contact with groundwater are not a major concern. However, sediment trap contact with groundwater should be avoided in areas with karst features, fractured bedrock, or areas of significant groundwater recharge.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F.
Sediment trapping is achieved primarily by settling within the pool formed by the trap. Sediment trapping efficiency is a function of surface area, depth of pool, and detention time. If site conditions permit, a length to width ratio greater than 2:1 will increase efficiency.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
G.
If site conditions prevent the sediment trap from having a three-foot depth, then an equivalent storage volume must be created through increasing the surface area.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
H.
For sediment traps in place longer than 6 months, consider outlets constructed of two types of stone. A combination of coarse aggregate and riprap (WisDOT light riprap classification) should be used to provide stability. A one-foot layer of one inch washed stone then should be placed on the up-slope face to reduce drainage flow rate.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Plans and specifications for installing sediment traps shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose. The plans and specifications shall address the following:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Location and spacing of sediment traps
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Schedules and sequence of installation and removal
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Standard drawings and installation details
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Rock gradation
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include a schedule for installation, inspection, maintenance, and identify the responsible party.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sediment Traps shall, at a minimum, be inspected weekly and within 24 hours after every precipitation event that produces 0.5 inches of rain or more during a 24-hour period. Sediment may need to be removed more frequently.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Deposits of sediment shall be removed when they reach a depth of one foot.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
If the outlet becomes clogged it shall be cleaned to restore flow capacity.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Recommend provisions for proper disposal of the sediment removed from the trap.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Maintenance shall be completed as soon as possible with consideration given to site conditions.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
Sediment traps shall be removed and the location stabilized after the disturbed area draining to the sediment trap is stabilized and no longer susceptible to erosion.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX
References
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Flow through the stone outlet and gabion can be calculated using the following equation:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Q = ( h
2/3
* L ) / [(W/D) + 25 + W
2
]
1/2
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Where:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Q = total flow through stone (cfs)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
h = depth of flow measured from invert of the stone outlet to the crest of emergency spillway (ft)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
W = average width of weir or flow
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
length through stone outlet (ft)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
L = length of weir (ft)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D = Average Rock Diameter (ft)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
For a stone outlet, the length of stone outlet (L) will vary with the depth and slope of stone outlet. For a gabion, the length of flow is fixed to gabion width. A complete discussion of this equation and its proper application can be found in:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C. McIntyre, G. Aron, J. Willenbrock, and M. Deimler. Report No. 10: Analysis of flow through porous media as applied to gabion dams regarding the storage and release of storm water runoff. NAHB/NRC Designated Housing Research Center at Penn State, Department of Civil Engineering; August 1992.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
X
Definitions
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Stabilized
(III): Means that all land disturbing construction activities at the construction site have been completed and that a uniform perennial vegetative cover has been established with a density of at least 70% of the cover for the unpaved areas and areas not covered by permanent structures or that employ equivalent stabilization measures.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Temporary
(I): An erosion control measure that is in place for the duration of construction or until the site is stabilized.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Seeding For Construction Site Erosion Control
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1059 (11/03)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in X. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Planting seed to establish temporary or permanent vegetation for erosion control.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purpose
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The purpose of
temporary seeding
1
is to reduce runoff and erosion until permanent vegetation or other erosion control practices can be established. The purpose of
permanent seeding
is to permanently stabilize areas of exposed soil.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Ill.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This practice applies to areas of exposed soil where the establishment of vegetation is desired. Temporary seeding applies to disturbed areas that will not be brought to final grade or on which land-disturbing activities will not be performed for a period greater than 30 days, and requires vegetative cover for less than one year. Permanent seeding applies to areas where perennial vegetative cover is needed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall be aware of all applicable federal, state and local laws, rules, regulations or permit requirements governing seeding. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Site and Seedbed Preparation
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Site preparation activities shall include:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Temporary Seeding
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
Temporary seeding requires a seedbed of loose soil to a minimum depth of 2 inches.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
b.
Fertilizer application is not generally required for temporary seeding. However, any application of fertilizer or lime shall be based on soil testing results.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
c.
The soil shall have a pH range of 5.5 to 8.0.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Permanent Seeding
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
Topsoil installation shall be completed prior to permanent seeding.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
b.
Permanent seeding requires a seedbed of loose topsoil to a minimum depth of 4 inches with the ability to support a
dense
vegetative cover.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
c.
Application rates of fertilizer or lime shall be based on soil testing results.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
d.
Prepare a tilled, fine, but firm seedbed. Remove rocks, twigs foreign material and clods over two inches that cannot be broken down.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
e.
The soil shall have a pH range of 5.5 to 8.0.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Seeding
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Seed Selection
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
Seed mixtures that will produce dense vegetation shall be selected based on soil and site conditions and intended final use. Section IX References, lists sources containing suggested seed mixtures.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
b.
All seed shall conform to the requirements of the Wisconsin Statutes and of the Administrative Code Chapter
ATCP
20.01 regarding noxious weed seed content and labeling.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
c.
Seed mixtures that contain potentially invasive species or species that may be harmful to native plant communities shall be avoided.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
d.
Seed shall not be used later than one year after the test date that appears on the label.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
e.
Seed shall be tested for purity, germination and noxious weed seed content and shall meet the minimum purity and germination requirements as prescribed in the current edition of Rules for Testing Seed, published by the Association of Official Seed Analysts.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Seed Rates
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
Temporary Seeding (Cover Crop)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Areas needing protection during periods when permanent seeding is not applied shall be seeded with annual species for temporary protection. See Table 1 for seeding rates of commonly used species. The residue from this crop may either be incorporated into the soil during seedbed preparation at the next permanent seeding period or left on the soil surface and the planting made as a no-till seeding.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Table 1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Temporary Seeding Species and Rates
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
b.
Permanent Seeding
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Rates shall be based on pounds or ounces of Pure Live Seed (PLS)
per acre. Section IX contains some possible reference documents that provide seeding rates. Permanent seeding rates may be increased above the minimum rates shown in the reference documents to address land use and environmental conditions.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
If a
nurse crop
is used in conjunction with permanent seeding, the nurse crop shall not hinder establishment of the permanent vegetation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A nurse crop shall be applied at 50% its temporary seeding rate when applied with permanent seed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Inoculation
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Legume seed shall be inoculated in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Inoculants shall not be mixed with liquid fertilizer.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Sowing
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Seed grasses and legumes no more than
¼
inch deep. Distribute seed uniformly. Mixtures with low seeding rates require special care in sowing to achieve proper seed distribution.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Seed may be broadcast, drilled, or hydroseeded as appropriate for the site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Seed when soil temperatures remain consistently above 53
°
F.
Dormant seed
when the soil temperature is consistently below 53
°
F (typically Nov. 1st until snow cover). Seed shall not be applied on top of snow.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Consider seeding at a lower rate and making two passes to ensure adequate coverage.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Compacted soil areas may need special site preparation prior to seeding to mitigate compaction. This may be accomplished by chisel plowing to a depth of 12 inches along the contour after heavy equipment has left the site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Sod may be considered where adequate watering is available.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
When working in riparian areas refer to the NRCS Engineering Field Handbook, Chapter
16
, Streambank and Shoreline Protection and Chapter
18
,
Soil Bioengineering
for Upland Slope Protection and Erosion Reduction.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
A site assessment should be conducted to evaluate soil characteristics, topography, exposure to sunlight, proximity to natural plant communities, proximity to nuisance, noxious and/or invasive species, site history, moisture regime, climatic patterns, soil fertility, and previous herbicide applications.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F.
Use
introduced species
only in places where they will not spread into existing natural areas.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
G.
Lightly roll or compact the area using suitable equipment when the seedbed is judged to be too loose, or if the seedbed contains clods that might reduce seed germination.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
H.
See Section IX. References for suggested seed mixes (NRCS, WisDOT, UWEX) or use their equivalent.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Turf seedlings should not be mowed until the stand is at least 6 inches tall. Do not mow closer than 3 inches during the first year of establishment.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
J.
Seeding should not be done when the soil is too wet.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
K.
Consider watering to help establish the seed. Water application rates shall be controlled to prevent runoff and erosion.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
L.
Prairie plants may not effectively provide erosion control during their establishment period without a nurse crop.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
M.
Topsoil originating from agricultural fields may contain residual chemicals. The seedbed should be free of residual herbicide or other contaminants that will prevent establishment and maintenance of vegetation. Testing for soil contaminants may be appropriate if there is doubt concerning the soil's quality.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
N.
Consider using mulch or a nurse crop if selected species are not intended for quick germination. When mulching refer to WDNR Conservation Practice Standard Mulching for Construction Sites (1058).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIl.
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Plans and specifications for seeding shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying this practice.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include schedule for installation, inspection, and maintenance. The responsible party shall be identified.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VlIl.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
During construction areas that have been seeded shall at a minimum be inspected weekly and within 24 hours after every precipitation event that produces 0.5 inches of rain or more during a 24-hour period. Inspect weekly during the growing season until vegetation is densely established or permit expires. Repair and reseed areas that have erosion damage as necessary.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Limit vehicle traffic and other forms of compaction in areas that are seeded.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
A fertilizer program should begin with a soil test. Soil tests provide specific fertilizer recommendations for the site and can help to avoid over-application of fertilizers.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX.
References
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Seed Selection References
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
United States Department of Agriculture – Natural Resource Conservation Service Field Office Technical Guide Section IV, Standard 342, Critical Area Planting.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
UWEX Publication A3434 Lawn and Establishment & Renovation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
WisDOT, 2003. State of Wisconsin Standard Specifications For Highway and Structure Construction. Section 630, Seeding.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
General References
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1Association of Official Seed Analysts, 2003. Rules for Testing Seed.
http://www.aosaseed.com
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1Metropolitan Council, 2003. Urban Small Sites Best Management Practice Manual, Chapter
3
, Vegetative Methods 3-85 – 3-91. Minneapolis.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The State of Wisconsin list of noxious weeds can be found in Statute 66.0407.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
United States Department of Agriculture – Natural Resources Conservation Service. Engineering Field Handbook, Chapters
16
and
18
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
UWEX Publication GWQ002 Lawn & Garden Fertilizers.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
X.
Definitions
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Dense
(V.A.2.b) A stand of 3-inch high grassy vegetation that uniformly covers at least 70% of a representative 1 square yard plot.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Dormant seed
(V.B.4): Seed is applied after climatic conditions prevent germination until the following spring.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Introduced Species
(VI.F) Plant species that historically would not have been found in North America until they were brought here by travelers from other parts of the world. This would include smooth bromegrass and alfalfa. Some of these species may have a wide distribution such as Kentucky bluegrass.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Nurse Crop
(V.B.2.b): Also known as a companion crop; is the application of temporary (annual) seed with permanent seed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Permanent seeding
(II) Seeding designed to minimize erosion for an indefinite period after land disturbing construction activities have ceased on the site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Soil Bioengineering
(VI.D) Practice of combining mechanical, biological and ecological concepts to arrest and prevent shallow slope failures and erosion.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Temporary Seeding
(II) Seeding designed to control erosion for a time period of one year or less that is generally removed in order to perform further construction activities or to permanently stabilize a construction site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Topsoil
(V.A.2.a) Consists of loam, sandy loam, silt loam, silty clay or clay loam humus-bearing soils adapted to sustain plant life with a pH range of 5.5 – 8.0. Manufactured topsoil shall through the addition of sand or organic humus material, peat, manure or compost meet the above criteria.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Silt Fence
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1056 (03/06)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in X. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Silt fence is a temporary sediment barrier of entrenched permeable geotextile fabric designed to intercept and slow the flow of sediment-laden sheet flow runoff from small areas of disturbed soil.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purpose
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The purpose of this practice is to reduce slope length of the disturbed area and to intercept and retain transported sediment from disturbed areas.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
This standard applies to the following applications:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Erosion occurs in the form of
sheet and rill erosion
1
. There is no concentration of water flowing to the barrier
( channel erosion ). Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2. Where adjacent areas need protection from sediment-laden runoff. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 3. Where effectiveness is required for one year or less. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 4. Where conditions allow for silt fence to be properly entrenched and staked as outlined in the Criteria Section V. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. Under no circumstance shall silt fence be used in the following applications: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. Below the ordinary high watermark or placed perpendicular to flow in streams, swales, ditches or any place where flow is concentrated. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2. Where the maximum gradient upslope of the fence is greater than 50% (2:1). Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 IV. Federal, State, and Local Laws Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of silt fence. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 V. Criteria Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A. Placement Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. When installed as a stand-alone practice on a slope, silt fence shall be placed on the contour. The parallel spacing shall not exceed the maximum slope lengths for the appropriate slope as specified in Table 1 . - See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Silt fences shall not be placed perpendicular to the contour.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
The ends of the fence shall be extended upslope to prevent water from flowing around the ends of the fence.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Height – Installed silt fences shall be a minimum 14 inches high and shall not exceed 28 inches in height measured from the installed ground elevation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Support
– Silt fences shall be supported by either steel or wood supports as specified below:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Wood supports
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
The full height of the silt fence shall be supported by 1 1/8 inches by 1 1/8 inches air or kiln dried posts of hickory or oak.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
b.
The silt fence fabric shall be stapled, using at least 0.5-inch staples, to the upslope side of the posts in at least 3 places.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
c.
The posts shall be a minimum of 3 feet long for 24-inch silt fence and a minimum of 4 feet for 36-inch silt fence fabric.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Steel supports
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
The full height of the silt fence shall be supported by steel posts at least 5 feet long with a strength of 1.33 pounds per foot and have projections for the attachment of fasteners.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
b.
The silt fence fabric shall be attached in at least three places on the upslope side with 50 pound plastic tie straps or wire fasteners. To prevent damage to the fabric from fastener, the protruding ends shall be pointed away from the fabric.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
The maximum spacing of posts for non-woven silt fence shall be 3 feet and for woven fabric 8 feet.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Silt fence shall have a support cord.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5.
Where joints are necessary, each end of the fabric shall be securely fastened to a post. The posts shall then be wrapped around each other to produce a stable, secure joint or shall be overlapped the distance between two posts.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
6.
A minimum of 20 inches of the post shall extend into the ground after installation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Anchoring – Silt fence shall be anchored by spreading at least 8 inches of the fabric in a 4 inch wide by 6 inch deep trench, or 6 inch deep V-trench on the upslope side of the fence. The trench shall be backfilled and compacted. Trenches shall not be excavated wider and deeper than necessary for proper installation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
On the terminal ends of silt fence the fabric shall be wrapped around the post such that the staples are not visible.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
Geotextile Fabric Specifications – The geotextile fabric consists of either woven or non-woven polyester, polypropylene, stabilized nylon, polyethylene, or polyvinylidene chloride. Non-woven fabric may be needle punched, heat bonded, resin bonded, or combinations thereof. All fabric shall meet the following requirements as specified in Table 2.
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
(WisDOT Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2001)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1
All numerical values represent minimum / maximum average roll values. (For example, the average minimum test
results on any roll in a lot should meet or exceed the minimum specified values.) Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Silt fence shall have a maximum flow rate of 10-gallons/minute/square foot at 50mm constant head as determined by multiplying permittivity in 1/second as determined by ASTM D-4491 by a conversion factor of 74. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 F. Removal – Silt fences shall be removed once the disturbed area is permanently stabilized and no longer susceptible to erosion. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 VI. Considerations Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A. Improper placement as well as improper installation and maintenance of silt fences will significantly decrease the effectiveness of this practice. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Silt fences should be considered for trapping sediment where sheet and rill erosion may be expected to occur in small drainage areas. Silt fences should not be placed in areas of concentrated flow. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. Silt fences should be installed prior to disturbing the upslope area. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 C. Silt fences should not be used to define the boundaries of the entire project . Silt fence should be placed only in areas where it is applicable due to its cost and the fact that it is not biodegradable. For example, silt fence should not be placed in locations where the natural overland flow is from an undisturbed area into disturbed areas of the project. It should also not be used as a diversion. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 D. Silt fence should not be used in areas where the silt fence is at a higher elevation than the disturbed area. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 E. When placing silt fence near trees, care should be taken to minimize damage to the root system. Avoid compaction and root cutting within 1.5 feet multiplied by the inch diameter of the tree (for example: for 10-inch trees keep out a 15-foot radius from the trunk). Refer to UWEX publication Preserving Trees During Construction for more information. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 F. To protect silt fence from damage in areas of active construction or heavy traffic, silt fence should be flagged, marked, or highlighted to improve visibility. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 G. Silt fence effectiveness is generally increased when used in conjunction with other upslope erosion control practices. To further strengthen the silt fence, straw / hay bales can be placed on the down slope side. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 H To help ensure effectiveness, silt fence should be inspected and repaired as necessary prior to forecasted rain events. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 I. Where installation with wood posts is difficult, such as when hard or frozen ground is encountered, the use of steel post is recommended. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 J. Silt fence can be mechanically installed with a plow type device provided that the silt fence is trenched in a manner such that equivalent performance is achieved to that specified in Section V.D. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 VII. Plans and Specifications Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A. Plans and specifications for installing silt fence shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose. The plans and specifications shall address the following: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 1. Location of silt fence Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 2. Contributory drainage area Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 3. Schedules Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 4. Material specification conforming to standard Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 5. Standard drawings and installation details Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 6. Restoration after removal Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include schedule for installation, inspection, and maintenance. The responsible party shall be identified. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 VIII. Operation and Maintenance Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A. Silt fences shall at a minimum be inspected weekly and within 24 hours after every precipitation event that produces 0.5 inches of rain or more during a 24 hour period. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 B. Damaged or decomposed fences, undercutting, or flow channels around the end of barriers shall be repaired or corrected. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 C. Sediment shall be properly disposed of once the deposits reach ½ the height of the fence. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 IX. References Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 UWEX Publication A0327 "Preserving Trees During Construction" Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 X. Definitions Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Channel Erosion (III.A.1): The deepening and widening of a channel due to soil loss caused by flowing water. As rills become larger and flows begin to concentrate, soil detachment occurs primarily as a result of shear. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Sheet and Rill Erosion (III.A.1): Sheet and rill erosion is the removal of soil by the action of rainfall and shallow overland runoff. It is the first stage in water erosion. As flow becomes more concentrated rills occur. As soil detachment continues or flow increases, rills will become wider and deeper forming gullies. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 - See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Silt Curtain
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1070 (09/05)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in X. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A temporary permeable fabric installed in a waterway or waterbody to minimize sediment transport. A silt curtain does not extend to the bottom of the channel and is placed parallel or perpendicular to the direction of flow.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purposes
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The purpose of this practice is to provide sediment containment while construction activities are occurring in or directly adjacent to a waterway or waterbody.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This practice applies where construction activities intrude or are directly adjacent to a waterway or waterbody. This includes but is not limited to bridge construction, rip rap placement, utility work, streambank restoration, boat launches and dredging.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Silt curtain is intended for calm water conditions where it will not be subjected to wind, wave, or current. Silt curtains are appropriate to settle out coarse and granular soils where water depth at the time of construction is greater than or equal to 4 feet. For applications in finer sediment or moving water see WDNR Technical Standard 1069 Turbidity Barrier.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State, and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of silt curtains. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Installation – Details of construction not listed in the text shall conform to the pertinent requirements of Figure 1.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
The silt curtain shall be installed before construction activities are initiated in or adjacent to the waterway or waterbody. Install the silt curtain as close to the construction as practical. The curtain shall remain in place and be maintained until the construction activity is completed and the disturbed area is
stabilized
1
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
The ends of the silt curtain shall be securely anchored and keyed into the shoreline to fully enclose the area where sediment may enter the water.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
A 2-foot gap shall exist between the weighted lower end of the curtain and the bottom of the waterway or waterbody.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Bottom anchors shall be used to hold the silt curtain in the same position relative to the bottom the waterway or waterbody without interfering with the function of the curtain. Anchors shall either be driven into the bottom of the waterway or waterbody or be weighted and attached to the curtain floatation device via an anchor line. Manufacture's recommendations shall be followed for the number and spacing of anchors.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5.
Danger buoys shall be used as directed by the Coast Guard or DNR permit when working in navigable waters.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Material:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Reusable components of the silt curtain system shall be clean and free of potential exotic species. Fabric cannot be reused.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
The silt curtain shall be constructed from heavy woven filter fabric to allow water to pass through the barrier yet retain sediment. All fabric seams shall be heat sealed or sewn. Silt curtain fabric shall conform to the specifications in Table 1.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Table 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Flotation devices shall be flexible, buoyant units contained in an individual floatation sleeve or collar attached to the curtain. Use expanded polystyrene logs or equivalent having a 49 square inch minimum end area. Do not use polystyrene beads or chips. Buoyancy provided by the floatation device shall be sufficient to support the weight of the curtain and maintain a freeboard of at least 3 inches above the water surface level.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Top load lines shall consist of 5/16 inch steel cable.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5.
Bottom load lines shall consist of a minimum
¼
-inch steel chain incorporated into the bottom hem of the curtain. Larger chain sizes may be used where additional weight to serve as ballast to hold the curtain in a vertical position is required.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Sediment that has settled out by the silt curtain should only be removed as directed by the regulatory authority because re-suspension of sediment will likely occur during the removal process. Use of polymers may help prevent resuspension of sediment. See WDNR Technical Standard 1051 Sediment Control Water Application of Polymers for further guidance.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Silt curtains are meant to manage sediment in the waterbody. The best way to prevent sediment from entering the waterbody is through the implementation of effective upland erosion control, stopping sediment transport at its source.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII.
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Plans and specifications for installing a silt curtain shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Location of silt curtain.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Material specification conforming to standard.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include schedule for installation, inspection, and maintenance. The responsible party shall be identified.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Silt curtains shall be inspected daily and repaired if necessary.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Regardless of upland stabilization conditions silt curtains shall not be removed until the water behind the curtain has equal or greater clarity than the waterway or waterbody. Soil particles shall be allowed to settle for a minimum of 24 hours prior to removal of the curtain.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Care shall be taken when removing the silt curtain to minimize the release or re-suspension of accumulated sediment.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
To prevent the spread of exotic species silt curtains shall not be reused on other sites. Buoys and chains can be reused but shall be either disinfected with vinegar or cleaned with hot water greater than 104 deg. F then allowed to completely dry for a minimum period of five days. If there are any questions about the occurrence of zebra mussels, Eurasian water-milfoil, or other aquatic invasive species in a waterbody that you are working in or intend to work in contact your local DNR staff.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX.
References
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook, Third Edition, 1992
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1WisDOT Facilities Development Manual: Chapter
10
, Section 10, Subject 43, Silt Screen
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
X.
Definitions
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Stabilized
(V.A.1): Means that all land disturbing construction activities at the construction site have been completed, and that a uniform perennial vegetative cover has been established with a density of at least 70% of the cover for the unpaved areas and areas not covered by permanent structures, or that employ equivalent stabilization measures.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Stone Tracking Pad and Tire Washing
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1057 (08/03)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in IX. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A stabilized pad of stone aggregate or tire washing station located at any point where traffic will egress a construction site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purpose
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The purpose of this standard is to reduce off-site sedimentation by eliminating the tracking of sediment from construction sites.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Either a stone tracking pad or tire washing station shall be used at all points of construction egress. This standard applies where construction traffic is likely to transport sediment off site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State, and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of this practice. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Tracking Pad:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
The tracking pad shall be installed prior to any traffic leaving the site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
The aggregate for tracking pads shall be 3 to 6 inch clear or washed stone. All material to be retained on a 3-inch sieve.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
The aggregate shall be placed in a layer at least 12 inches thick. On sites with a high water table, or where saturated conditions are expected during the life of the practice, stone tracking pads shall be underlain with a WisDOT Type R geotextile fabric to prevent migration of underlying soil into the stone.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
The tracking pad shall be the full width of the egress point. The tracking pad shall be at a minimum 50 feet long.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5.
Surface water must be prevented from passing through the tracking pad. Flows shall be diverted away from tracking pads or conveyed under and around them by using a variety of practices, such as culverts,
water bars
1
, or other similar practices.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Tire washing: If conditions on the site are such that the sediment is not removed from vehicle tires by the tracking pad, then tires shall be washed utilizing pressurized water before entering a public road.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
The washing station shall be located on-site in an area that is stabilized and drains into suitable sediment trapping or settling device.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
The wash rack shall consist of a heavy grating over a lowered area. The rack shall be strong enough to support the vehicles that will cross it.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Rocks lodged between the tires of dual wheel vehicles shall be removed prior to leaving the construction site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Vehicles traveling across the tracking pad should maintain a slow constant speed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
The best approach to preventing off-site tracking is to restrict vehicles to stabilized areas.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
It is always preferable to prevent sediment from being deposited upon the road than cleaning the road later. Sediment on a road can create a safety hazard as well as a pollution problem.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Any sediment tracked onto a public or private road should be removed by street cleaning, not flushing, before the end of each working day.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII.
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Plans and specifications for installing tracking pads shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose. The plans and specifications shall address the following:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Location of all points of egress with tracking pad locations shown
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Material specifications conforming to standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Schedule for installation and removal
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
Standard drawings and installation details
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5.
Stabilization after removal
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include schedule for installation, inspection, and maintenance. The responsible party shall be identified.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Tracking pads and tire washing stations shall, at a minimum, be inspected weekly and within 24 hours after every precipitation event that produces 0.5 inches of rain or more during a 24-hour period.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
The tracking pad performance shall be maintained by scraping or top-dressing with additional aggregate.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
A minimum 12-inch thick pad shall be maintained.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX.
Definitions
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Water bar
(V.A.5): A shallow trench or diversion dam that diverts surface water runoff into a dispersion area.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Storm Drain Inlet Protection For Construction Sites
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1060 (10/03)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A temporary barrier installed around a storm drain inlet, drop inlet or curb inlet.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purposes
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The purpose of this practice is to reduce sediment from entering storm drains before stabilizing the contributing drainage area.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This practice applies where runoff from construction sites enters conveyance system structures such as drain inlets, drop inlets, and curb inlets. Inlet protection devices are for drainage areas of one acre or less. Runoff from areas larger than one acre should be routed through a properly designed sediment trapping or settling practice upstream of the inlet.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State, and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of storm drain inlet protection. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Design Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The appropriate type of inlet protection barrier shall be installed once the drain, drop, or curb inlet can receive runoff. The device shall remain in place and be maintained until the disturbed area is stabilized.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
General Criteria that is applicable to all inlet protection devices
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Ponding water to settle sediment is encouraged; however ponding shall not interfere with the flow of traffic, create a safety hazard, or cause property damage. All devices shall have provisions such as weep holes or "emergency spillways" to safely pass water if the device becomes clogged.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
The contributing drainage area to the inlet protection device shall be one acre or less. In instances were a larger contributing drainage area exists, runoff shall be routed through a properly designed sediment trapping or settling device upstream of inlet.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Other than Type D inlet protection devices, no gaps shall be left in the material used that would allow the flow of water to bypass the inlet protection device.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
All fabrics used as part of an inlet protection device must be selected from the list of approved fabrics certified for inlet protection, Geotextile Fabric, Type FF in the current addition of the WisDOT Product Acceptability List (PAL).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Criteria Applicable to Unpaved areas or the Pre-Paving Phase of Construction
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Inlet Protection Barriers include, but are not limited to, straw bales, sandbags, other material filled bags and socks, and stone weepers. These devices can be used to either settle sediments or divert flows.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
Manufactured bags, when used, shall conform to the standards in Table 1.
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
b.
Straw Bale installation shall conform to the criteria outlined in the WDNR Conservation Practice Standard (1055) Sediment Bale Barrier (Non-Channel).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
c.
Stone weeper installation shall conform to the criteria in WDNR Conservation Practice Standard (1063) Sediment Trap.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Filter Fabric Barrier Criteria - See Figure 1 Inlet Protection
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
a.
Inlet protection Type A devices
shall be utilized around inlets and unpaved areas until permanent stabilization methods have been established. Type A devices shall be utilized on inlets prior to installation of curb and gutter or pavement, and where safety considerations are not compromised on the site.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
b.
Type B shall be utilized after the casting and grate are in place.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
c.
Type D
shall be utilized in areas where other types of inlet protection are identified as incompatible with roadway and traffic conditions, causing possible safety hazards when ponding occurs at the inlet. Type D shall only be used after castings are in place on top of the inlet boxes.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Type D inlet protection shall conform to the standard drawing as shown in the plans. There shall be a three-inch space between the bag and the sides of the inlet to prevent the inlet sides from blocking the overflow; and shall only be used in inlets deeper than 30 inches from the top of grate to bottom of the inlet. If such clearance is not available, cinch or tie the sides of the bag (with rope or ties) to provide clearance.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Criteria Applicable to the Post-Paving / Curbing Phase of Construction
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Inlet protection Types B, C, and D are applicable to post paving construction. See Figure 1 Inlet Protection.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
Type B shall be utilized on inlets without curb box.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
Type C shall be utilized on street inlets with curb heads. A 1
½
,
x 3
½
,
(37mm by 87 mm) minimum, piece of wood shall be wrapped and secured in the fabric and placed in front of the curb head as shown in the plans. The wood shall not block the entire opening of the curb box and be secured to the grate with wire or plastic ties.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
•
Type D
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
When site conditions allow, inlets should be temporarily closed or sealed to prevent entrance of runoff and sediment.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
The best way to prevent sediment from entering the storm sewer system is to stabilize the disturbed area of the site as quickly as possible, preventing erosion and stopping sediment transport at its source.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Storm drain inlet protection consists of several types of inlet filters and traps and should be considered as only one element in an overall erosion control plan. Each type differs in application with selection dependent upon site conditions and inlet type. Not all designs are appropriate in all cases. The user must carefully select a design suitable for the needs and site conditions.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Inlet protection is only as effective as the filter or barrier used around the inlet. Effectiveness decreases rapidly if the inlet protection is not properly maintained. In general, inlet protection provides relatively good removal of coarse and medium-sized soil particles from runoff however, most fine silt and clay particles will pass through the filtering mechanisms.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
Properly maintaining inlet protection can be difficult and often inlets can become clogged. Field experience has shown that inlet protection that causes excessive ponding in an area of high construction activity may become so inconvenient that it is simply removed or bypassed, thus transmitting sediment-laden flows unchecked. In such situations, a structure with an adequate overflow mechanism should be utilized instead of simply removing the inlet protection device.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F.
Inlet protection devices can be enhanced by additional excavation to increase the storage capacity around the inlet.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
G.
Good construction site housekeeping measures, such as keeping the gutters clean, and street sweeping are important.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII.
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Plans and specifications for installing inlet protection shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Location of inlet protection and type employed
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Material spec conforming to standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include schedule for installation, inspection, and maintenance. The responsible party shall be identified.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Remove inlet protection devices once the contributing drainage area is stabilized with appropriate vegetation or impervious area.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Inlet protection shall be at a minimum inspected weekly and within 24 hours after every precipitation event that produces 0.5 inches of rain or more during a 24-hour period.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Sediment deposits shall be removed and the inlet protection device restored to its original dimensions when the sediment has accumulated between 1/3 to 1/2 the design depth of the device, or when the device is no longer functioning as designed. Removed sediment shall be deposited in a suitable area and stabilized.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Due care shall be taken to ensure sediment does not fall into the inlet and impede the intended function of the device. Any material falling into the inlet shall be removed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX.
References
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
WisDOT "Erosion Control Product Acceptability List" is available online at:
http://www.dot.wisconsin.gov/business/engrserv/pal.htm
. Printed copies are no longer distributed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Turbidity Barrier
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1069 (09/05)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in X. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A temporary fabric barrier with very low permeability, installed in or near the bed of a waterway or waterbody to minimize sediment transport and is installed parallel to flow. Turbidity barrier cannot be installed perpendicular to a moving channel.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purposes
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The purpose of this practice is to provide sediment containment while construction activities are occurring in or directly adjacent to a waterway or waterbody.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This practice applies where construction activities intrude or are directly adjacent to a waterway or waterbody. This includes but is not limited to bridge construction, rip rap placement, utility work, streambank restoration, boat launches and dredging.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Use turbidity barriers in conditions with fine soils and flow velocities not exceeding 5 feet per second, unless additional reinforcement is installed.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State, and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of turbidity barriers. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Installation – Details of construction not listed in the text shall conform to the pertinent requirements of Figures 1 and 2.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
The barrier shall be installed before construction activities are initiated in, or adjacent to the waterway or waterbody. Install the turbidity barrier as close to the construction as practical. The barrier shall remain in place and be maintained until the construction activity is completed and the disturbed area
stabilized
1
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
The ends of the barrier shall be securely anchored and keyed into the shoreline to fully enclose the area where sediment may enter the water.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Driven steel posts shall be used to hold the barrier in position. The maximum spacing between posts shall be 10 feet. When barrier height exceeds 8 feet, post spacing may need to be decreased.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
When bedrock prevents the installation of posts, float devices may be used. Flotation devices shall be flexible, buoyant units contained in an individual flotation sleeve or collar attached to the turbidity barrier. Use solid expanded polystyrene logs or equivalent having a 49 square inch minimum end area. Do not use polystyrene beads or chips. Buoyancy provided by the flotation devices shall be sufficient to support the weight of the turbidity barrier and maintain a freeboard of at least three inches above the water surface. Refer to Figure 1.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4.
The barrier and steel posts shall extend from the bottom of the waterway or waterbody to an elevation 2 feet above the anticipated high water level during the time of year and duration the barrier will be in place. The elevation shall not exceed the top of bank.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5.
Ballast shall be used to hold the barrier in a vertical position. Bottom load lines shall consist of a chain incorporated into the bottom hem of the screen, of sufficient weight to serve as ballast to hold the screen in a vertical position. Additional anchorage shall be provided if necessary.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
6.
Danger buoys shall be used as directed by the Coast Guard or DNR permit when working in navigable waters.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
7.
Turbidity barriers shall be installed parallel to the direction of flow and shall not be installed across channels.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Material
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Reusable components of the turbidity barrier system shall be clean and free of potential exotic species. Fabric cannot be reused.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Top load lines shall consist of 5/16 inch steel cable.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Fabric shall be selected according to the specifications in Table 1.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Table 1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Source: WisDOT Spec 628.2.10.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
The 5 feet per second flow velocity specified in Section III can be the base flow of the stream or the base flow plus the addition of storm event runoff. Base flow can be used alone for short term projects (typically one day duration, i.e. culvert installation) when the chance of precipitation is low. Longer term projects (i.e. bridge work) should consider storm flow in addition to base flow (typically the two year event).
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
If the current exceeds 5 feet per second, other methods to divert flow away from the turbidity barrier such as temporary concrete traffic barriers, coffer dams, pumping, or sheet piling should be considered.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Sediment that has been settled out by the turbidity barrier should only be removed if so directed by the regulatory authority because re-suspension of sediment will likely occur during the removal process. Use of polymers may help prevent resuspension of sediment. See WDNR Technical Standard 1051 Sediment Control Water Application of Polymers for further guidance.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Turbidity barriers are meant to manage sediment in the waterbody. The best way to prevent sediment from entering the waterbody is through the implementation of effective upland erosion control, stopping sediment transport at its source.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
Turbidity barriers should not be used to reduce the conveyance capacity of the channel. An example is use on bridge projects where the turbidity barrier is installed adjacent to each abutment simultaneously.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F.
Turbidity barriers may be installed on the banks of a waterway or waterbody if higher water levels are anticipated during construction.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII.
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Plans and specifications for installing a turbidity barrier shall be in keeping with this standard and attached detail drawing and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Location of turbidity barrier.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Material specification conforming to standard.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include schedule sequence or notes for installation, inspection, and maintenance. The responsible party shall be identified.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Turbidity barriers shall be inspected daily and repaired if necessary.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Turbidity barriers shall not be removed until the water behind the barrier has equal or greater clarity than the waterway or waterbody.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Care shall be taken when removing the barrier to minimize the release or re-suspension of accumulated sediment.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
To prevent the spread of exotic species turbidity barriers shall not be reused on other sites. Buoys and chains can be reused but shall be either disinfected with vinegar or cleaned with hot water greater than 104 deg. F then allowed to completely dry for a minimum period of five days. If there are any questions about the occurrence of zebra mussels, Eurasian water-milfoil, or other aquatic invasive species in a waterbody that you are working in, or intend to work in, contact your local DNR staff.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX.
References
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1WisDOT Facilities Development Manual: Chapter
10
, Section 10, Subject 45, Turbidity Barrier
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
X.
Definitions
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Stabilized
(V.A.1): Means that all land disturbing construction activities at the construction site have been completed, and that a uniform perennial vegetative cover has been established with a density of at least 70% of the cover for the unpaved areas and areas not covered by permanent structures, or that employ equivalent stabilization measures.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
(Figures are available on DNR website.)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
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See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
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See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Vegetative Buffer
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
For Construction Sites
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1054 (05/03)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Conservation Practice Standard
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note:
Words in the standard that are shown in italics are described in IX. Definitions. The words are italicized the first time they are used.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
I.
Definition
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
An area of
dense
vegetation
1
intended to slow runoff and trap sediment. Vegetative Buffers are commonly referred to as filter or buffer strips.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
II.
Purpose
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
The purpose of this practice is to remove sediment in
sheet flow
by velocity reduction.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
III.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This practice applies to areas where sediment delivery is in the form of
sheet and rill erosion
from disturbed areas.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IV.
Federal, State, and Local Laws
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Users of this standard shall be aware of applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, regulations, or permit requirements governing the use and placement of a vegetative buffer. This standard does not contain the text of federal, state, or local laws.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
V.
Criteria
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
This section establishes the minimum standards for design, installation and performance requirements.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Vegetative Buffer
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Disturbed Area
?
Direction of Flow
?
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
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See PDF for diagram
?
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Width
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
?
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
?———
Length
——————?
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
The vegetative buffer shall be located along the entire length of the down slope edge of the entire disturbed area for which the practice is being applied.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
The vegetative buffer shall be located on the contour.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
The width of the vegetative buffer shall have slopes less than 5%.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
The disturbed area draining to the vegetative buffer shall have slopes of 6% or less.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
E.
The vegetative buffer shall have a minimum
width
of 25 feet. 25 feet is adequate for disturbed areas up to 125 feet upslope from the vegetative buffer. An additional one foot of width shall be added to the buffer for every 5 feet exceeding 125 feet upslope of the disturbed area draining to the vegetative buffer.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
F.
To minimize compaction and destruction of the vegetative cover, designate the vegetative buffer as an area of no disturbance. Construction equipment shall be excluded from the designated area. Vegetative buffers shall be clearly shown on plans and marked in the field.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
G.
Vegetative buffers shall be densely vegetated prior to upslope soil disturbance.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VI.
Considerations
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Maintaining sheet flow is critical to the function of a vegetative buffer. In some conditions, a
level spreader
may need to be constructed at the upslope side of the vegetative buffer to minimize concentrated flow.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
Vegetative buffers may require large land areas compared to other erosion control practices.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
Trees should not be cut down to establish a vegetative buffer. Other erosion control measures are preferred.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VII.
Plans and Specifications
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Plans and specifications for vegetative buffers shall be in keeping with this standard and shall describe the requirements for applying the practice to achieve its intended purpose. The plans and specifications shall address the following:
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1.
Location of vegetative buffer.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2.
Limits and slopes of disturbed area and any additional contributory drainage area.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3.
Dimensions and slope of vegetative buffer.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
All plans, standard detail drawings, or specifications shall include schedule for installation, inspection, and maintenance. The responsible party shall be identified
.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
A.
Vegetative buffers shall be inspected for proper distribution of flows, sediment accumulation and signs of rill formation. Vegetative buffers shall at a minimum be inspected weekly and within 24 hours after every precipitation event that produces 0.5 inches of rain or more during a 24-hour period.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
B.
If the vegetative buffer becomes silt covered, contains rills, or is otherwise rendered ineffective, other perimeter sediment control measures shall be installed. Eroded areas shall be repaired and stabilized. Repair shall be completed as soon as possible with consideration to site conditions.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
C.
A stand of dense vegetation shall be maintained to a height of 3–12 inches.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
D.
Prior to land disturbance the perimeter of vegetative buffers shall be flagged or fenced to prevent equipment from creating ruts, compacting the soil and to prevent damage to vegetation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
IX.
Definitions
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Dense vegetation
(I): is defined as an existing stand of 3–12 inch high grassy vegetation that uniformly covers at least 90 % of a representative 1 square yard plot. Woody vegetation shall not be counted for the 90% coverage. No more than 10% of the overall buffer can be comprised of woody vegetation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Level Spreader
(VI.A): Level spreaders disperse flows over a wide area, dissipating the energy of the runoff and creating sheet flow. Common types of level spreaders are weirs and stone trenches.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sheetflow
(II): Sheet flow is over plane surfaces, where runoff water flows in a thin uniform sheet across the land before it collects in a concentrated flow.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Sheet and Rill Erosion
(III): Sheet and rill erosion is the removal of soil by the action of rainfall and shallow overland runoff. It is the first stage in water erosion. As flow becomes more concentrated rills occur. As soil detachment continues or flow increases,
rills
will become wider and deeper.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Width
(V.E): Is measured in the direction of flow.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
s.
SPS 321.16
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Frost-Protected Shallow Footings
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
In lieu of frost walls, the code recognizes frost-protected shallow foundations designed per ASCE 32, "Design and Construction of Frost-Protected Shallow Foundations". The department also recognizes the similar design standards of U.S.HUD "Design Guide for Frost-Protected Shallow Foundations", available for free download from
www.huduser.org/publications/destech/desguide.html
and summarized below. Consult it or the ASCE standard for full design and installation information, including a more flexible, detailed design method that should be used for heated buldings with attached, unheated garages.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Note that both standards offer design methods for both heated and unheated buildings. For heated buildings, the designs rely upon containing the building's heat under the footings to avoid frost heaving. In the case of unheated buildings, the designs rely upon containing the earth's natural warmth under the footings and slab by the use of more extensive insulation. (For both design approaches, compliance with their frost-protection requirements is not necessarily the same as compliance with the ch.
SPS 322
Energy Conservation standards for slab-on-grade designs.)
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Because the simplified heated building design methods rely upon buildings, including attached garages, with at least a 63 degree internal temperature, it is important the building designer consult with the owner regarding their intended use. Even if the initial owner plans to keep the building heated throughout the winter, future owners may use it otherwise. Therefore, the designer should be sure to communicate the operational needs of the building through means such as building placarding, notating the Rescheck Energy Report, and/or recording relevant information on the property deed.
Failure to do so may cause severe structural damage to the building if future owners do not keep the building heated.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Unheated Building Design
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Minimum Ground Insulation Requirements
1
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 11 Also see s.
SPS 322.33
for additional slab-edge insulation requirements.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2 Units are degrees Fahrenheit. See estimate provided on Mean Annual Temperature Contour Map.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3 Air freezing index shall be based on maximum year expected for a 100-year return period. See estimate provided on AFI Contour Map.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4 Ground insulation to the building interior can be extended beneath the entire slab where it is desired to protect the entire slab from frost heave action.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5 Ground insulation to the building interior can be in one horizontal plane (as shown in the detail) and covered with non frost-susceptible fill or the insulation maybe placed directly beneath the slab.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
6 Insulation thickness recommendations are for extruded polystyrene (XPS) insulation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
7 The minimum depth of concrete footing and horizontal insulation is 10
?
. A 6
?
drainage layer is required under the insulation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
8 Insulation placed directly beneath the footing shall be Type IV or Type VI XPS in accordance with ASTM C578. Maximum deadload placed on the Type IV insulation shall be 1200 pounds/square foot. Maximum deadload placed on Type VI shall be 1900 psf.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Heated Building Design
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
Minimum Insulation Requirements for Frost-Protected Footings in Heated Buildings
1
(Simplified Method) - See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
1 Insulation requirements are for protection against frost damage in heated buildings. Greater values may be required to meet energy conservation standards. Interpolation between values is permissible.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
2 See AFI Contour Map for Air Freezing Index values.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
3 Insulation materials shall provide the stated minimum R-values under long-term exposure to moist, below-ground conditions in freezing climates. The following R-values shall be used to determine insulation thicknesses required for this application: Type II expanded polystyrene - 2.4R per inch; Types IV, V, VI, VII extruded polystyrene - 4.5R per inch; Type IX expanded polystyrene - 3.2R per inch. NR indicates that insulation is not required.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
4 Vertical insulation shall be expanded polystyrene insulation or extruded polystyrene insulation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
5 Horizontal insulation shall be extruded polystyrene insulation.
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
SPS 323.02 (1) Outdoor Design Temperatures
-
See PDF for table
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1
-
See PDF for diagram
Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1