Appendix A Application Form And Worksheets

Application for Local Approval
New or Expanded Livestock Facility

- See PDF for diagram

Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection
2811 Agriculture Drive
P.O. Box 8911
Madison, WI 53708-8911
[phone]
[phone]

Introduction

Use this application form to obtain local approval for a new or expanded livestock facility (cattle, swine, poultry, sheep or goats) that will exceed 500 "animal units" (or a lower threshold established by local zoning ordinance prior to July 19, 2003).

Some local governments require local approval, but others do not. Check with your local government (county and town or municipality) to see if local approval is required in your area.

In some cases, you may need local approval from more than one local government (for example, the county and the town, or 2 towns if your livestock facility straddles the town line). But the application and approval process should be the same.

The construction of a new or altered livestock structure does not, by itself, constitute an "expansion" (unless there will also be an increase in animal units ). If you already have a permit or local approval, you may not need another approval unless your planned expansion exceeds the number of animals previously authorized by your local government.

Local approval, if required, is governed by statewide uniform standards in Wisconsin Statutes s. 93.90 and Wisconsin Administrative Code chapter ATCP 51 . This application documents compliance with those standards.

The Livestock Facility

A livestock facility includes livestock, livestock structures, the land on which they are located (it does not include pastures or winter grazing areas). Related livestock facilities (see definition below) are treated as a single livestock facility, for purposes of local approval. However:

•   A separate species facility (see definition below) may be treated as a separate livestock facility, even if it is owned by the same person and located on the same land parcel as another livestock facility.

•   A mere acquisition of a neighboring livestock facility does not constitute an expansion unless more animal units are added to the combined facilities.

Completing the Application

If local approval is required, complete this entire application form (including the worksheets). Follow the instructions in the application form. Attach all of the supplementary documentation required. Your application must be complete, credible and internally consistent.

The application form and worksheets ask for information to show compliance with Wisconsin livestock facility siting standards. A local government has very limited authority to modify the standards by local ordinance (modifications, if any, must be reflected in the local version of this application form).

As part of your application, you must specify the number of animal units that you will keep at a new or expanded livestock facility. If the local government approves your requested number, this will be the maximum number that you may keep for 90 days or more in any 12-month period.

A local government may require you to submit up to 4 duplicate copies of the complete application, worksheets, maps and other attachments. But you are not required to submit duplicate copies of engineering design specifications.

Worksheets

This application includes the following worksheets:

•   Animal units (worksheet 1)

•   Odor management (worksheet 2)

•   Waste and nutrient management (worksheet 3)

•   Waste storage facilities (worksheet 4)

•   Runoff management (worksheet 5)

Complete the worksheets following all instructions (including those on each worksheet). You may use a convenient automated spreadsheet in place of Tables A and B of worksheet 2 if you prefer (results are identical). The spreadsheet is available at http://www.datcp.state.wi.us .

If the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources ( DNR ) has issued a Wisconsin Pollutant Discharge Elimination System ( WPDES ) permit for your proposed livestock facility, you can check a box on worksheets 3, 4 and 5, and submit a copy of that permit with the worksheets. A WPDES permit does not affect the requirements for completing worksheets 1 and 2.

Fees

A local government may require a fee to offset its reasonable costs to review and process this application. The fee, if any, must be established by local ordinance and may not exceed $1,000. A local government may NOT charge any other fee, or require you to post any bond or security.

Local Approval Process

If you complete the application properly, the local government MUST APPROVE the proposed livestock facility unless it finds, based on clear and convincing evidence in the local record, that the facility fails to meet the state standards.

Within 45 days after you submit your application, the local government must notify you whether your application is complete. If you failed to complete part of the application, you must submit the missing information. The local government must grant or deny the application within 90 days after it declares the application complete, and issue its decision in writing. The approval must include a duplicate copy of the approved application, marked "approved." The duplicate copy shall include all the worksheets, maps, and other attachments included in the application, with the exception of the engineering design specifications. The local government must make a record of its decision making process, and the evidence supporting its decision. The record must include your application.

Appeal of Local Decision

If you disagree with the local government's decision on your application, you may appeal that decision to the Wisconsin Livestock Facility Siting Review Board ("Board"). Other "aggrieved persons" may also appeal to the Board. An "aggrieved person" includes any person who resides or owns land within 2 miles of your proposed livestock facility.

You must file your appeal within 30 days after the local government issues its decision (or, if you pursue a local administrative appeal process first, within 30 days after that appeal process is complete). The Board will review the local decision based on the evidence in the local record (it will not hold a new hearing or accept new testimony or evidence). You must file your appeal in writing at the following address:

Wisconsin Livestock Facility Siting Review Board
c/o Secretary, Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection
P.O. Box 8911
Madison, WI 53708-8911

Terms Used in this Application Form

In this application form, you will see a number of italicized terms. Those terms are defined below (for more specific definitions, see ATCP 51 ):

"Adjacent" – Located on land parcels that touch each other, or on land parcels that are separated only by a river, stream, or transportation or utility right-of-way.

"Affected Neighbors" – Residences or high-use buildings within 2500 feet of any livestock structure at the proposed facility, other than those owned by the applicant or by persons who have agreed to exclude them from the applicant's odor score calculation. The total odor score for a livestock facility depends, in part, on the proximity and density of "affected neighbors."

"Animal housing area" – That portion of an animal housing structure to which animals have access, and in which manure may accumulate. "Animal housing area" includes free-stalls and travel lanes. It does NOT include holding areas, feed alleys, storage areas or milking parlors.

"Animal lot" - A feedlot, barnyard or other outdoor facility where livestock are concentrated for feeding or other purposes. Pastures and winter grazing areas are NOT "animal lots." Treat multiple "animal lots" as a single "animal lot" if runoff from the "animal lots" drains to the same treatment area or if runoff from the "animal lot" treatment areas converges or reaches the same surface water within 200 feet of any of those treatment areas.

"Animal units" – Equivalent units of livestock . The number of animals constituting an "animal unit" varies by species. For example, one milking dairy cow equals 1.4 "animal units." A beef animal over 600 lbs. equals 1.0 "animal units." A pig over 55 lbs. equals 0.4 "animal units." A laying chicken equals 0.01 "animal unit." The number of "animal units" kept at a livestock facility means the largest number of "animal units" that will be at the livestock facility on at least 90 days in any 12-month period. Calculate "animal units" according to worksheet 1.

"BARNY runoff model" – The Wisconsin version of a model that is commonly used to predict nutrient runoff from animal lots . An Excel computer spreadsheet version is available on the DATCP website (engineering directory).

"Certified agricultural engineering practitioner" – A practitioner who is properly qualified under ATCP 50.46 .

"Cluster" – Any group of one or more livestock structures within a livestock facility . If you wish to do so, you may calculate separate odor scores for "clusters" that are separated by more than 750 feet.

"Complete application for local approval" – An application that contains everything required under ss. ATCP 51.30(1) to (4) .

"DATCP" – Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection. The application form cites DATCP rules including Wis. Adm. Code chs. ATCP 51 (livestock facility siting), ATCP 50 (soil and water resource management) and ATCP 17 (livestock premises registration).

"DNR" – Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. The application form cites DNR rules including Wis. Adm. Code chs. NR 243 ( WPDES permits), NR 811 (community wells) and NR 812 (private wells).

"Expanded livestock facility" - The entire livestock facility created by an expansion , including new, existing and altered livestock structures (existing structures are subject to less rigorous standards). Your application must indicate the maximum number of animal units that you will keep at the "expanded livestock facility."

"Expansion" – An increase in the largest number of animal units kept at a livestock facility on at least 90 days in any 12-month period. The acquisition of an existing livestock facility, by the operator of an adjacent facility, is not an "expansion" unless the operator increases the largest number of animal units kept at the combined livestock facilities on at least 90 days in any 12-month period.

"High-use building" – A residential building that has at least 6 distinct dwelling units; a restaurant, hotel, motel, or tourist rooming house; a school building; a hospital or licensed care facility; or a non-farm business or workplace that is open at least 40 hours a week. The odor score for your livestock facility depends, in part, on the proximity and density of neighboring "high-use buildings."

"Karst features" – Sinkholes, fractured bedrock or like features that may result in direct pollution runoff to groundwater.

"Livestock" – Cattle, swine, poultry, sheep or goats.

"Livestock facility" – A feedlot, dairy farm, or other operation where livestock are or will be fed, confined, maintained, or stabled for a total of 45 days or more in any 12-month period. A "livestock facility" includes all of the tax parcels on which the facility is located, but it does NOT include a parcel used only for pasture or as a winter grazing area . Related livestock facilities are considered a single "livestock facility," except a livestock operator may elect to treat a separate species facilities as a separate livestock facility.

"Livestock structure" – A building or structure such as a barn, milking parlor, feed storage facility, feeding facility, animal lot or waste storage structure . Pastures , winter grazing areas and machine sheds are NOT "livestock structures."

"Local approval" – A license, permit, special zoning exception, conditional use permit, or other local authorization for a new or expanded livestock facility . This application form applies, regardless of the form of local approval . However, this application form does NOT cover any of the following permits (for which separate requirements may apply):

•   Building, electrical or plumbing permits (if local standards are consistent with state code).

•   Manure storage system permits ( see ATCP 50.56 ), UNLESS construction is part of a new or expanded livestock facility .

•   Permits required by certain local ordinances related to shoreland zoning, floodplain zoning, construction site erosion control or stormwater management.

"New livestock facility" – A livestock facility used for the first time, or for the first time in at least 5 years.

"NRCS" – The Natural Resource Conservation Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. Wisconsin livestock siting standards refer to NRCS Technical Guide standards.

"Pasture" – Land on which livestock graze or otherwise seek feed in a manner that maintains the vegetative cover over all of the grazing or feeding area.

"Premises ID" – The unique ID number assigned to your livestock facility under the Wisconsin Livestock Premises Registration Program ( ATCP 17 ). Go to http://www.datcp.state.wi.us for more information. To register your livestock facility , go to http://www.wiid.org/ .

"Qualified nutrient management planner" - A person, other than the applicant, who is qualified under ATCP 50.48.

"Related livestock facilities" – Two or more livestock facilities that are owned or managed by the same person and meet any of the following criteria:

•   They are located on the same tax parcel or adjacent tax parcels.

•   They use any of the same livestock structures to collect or store manure.

•   They generate manure that is applied to the same parcel of land.

"Separate Species Facility" - A distinct part of a livestock facility that meets all of the following criteria:

•   It has only one of the following types of livestock, and that type is not found in any other part of the livestock facility :

•   Cattle

•   Swine

•   Poultry

•   Sheep

•   Goats

•   It has no more than 500 animal units .

•   Its animal housing and manure storage structures, if any, are located at least 750 feet from livestock structures that are used by other parts of the livestock facility .

"Substantially altered" livestock structure – A livestock structure that undergoes a material change in construction or use such as:

•   An increase in the capacity of a waste storage facility.

•   The addition of a liner to a waste storage facility.

•   An increase of more than 20% in the area or capacity of a livestock structure used to house, feed, or confine livestock or to store livestock feed.

•   An increase of more than 20% in the number of animal units that will be kept in a livestock structure on at least 90 days in any 12- month period.

"Waste storage structure" – An embankment structure, excavated pit, dugout or fabricated structure that is used to store manure, milking center waste or other organic waste generated by a livestock facility . For the purposes of waste storage structure setback (application form, A-2) and worksheet 2, a "waste storage structure" does not include a structure used to collect and store waste under an animal housing facility, or a manure digester consisting of a sealed structure in which manure is subjected to managed biological decomposition.

"Waste storage facility" -- A waste storage structure and any attached piping or equipment used to load or unload the structure.

"Winter grazing area" – Cropland or pasture where livestock feed on dormant vegetation or crop residue, with or without supplementary feed, during the period October 1 to April 30. "Winter grazing area" does not include any of the following:

•   An area, other than a pasture , where livestock are kept during the period from May 1 to September 30.

•   An area which at any time has an average of more than 4 animal units per acre.

•   An area from which livestock have unrestricted access to navigable waters of the state.

•   An area in which manure deposited by livestock causes nutrient levels to exceed standards in ATCP 51.16 .

"WPDES permit" – Wisconsin Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit issued by DNR for a concentrated animal feeding operation over 1000 animal units, or for operations of any size that discharge pollutants directly to waters of the state. - See PDF for table - See PDF for table - See PDF for table - See PDF for table - See PDF for table - See PDF for table - See PDF for table - See PDF for table - See PDF for table - See PDF for table

_____________________________________________   _______________________
Signature of Applicant or Authorized Representative   Date - See PDF for table

TO COMPLETE THIS WORKSHEET, FOLLOW THESE STEPS:

Step 1: Complete Table A to determine the Predicted Odor from your livestock structures . Enter the Predicted Odor in Box 3 below (NOT Box 1).

Step 2: Complete Table B to determine your Separation Score. Enter your Separation Score in Box 1 below. (NOT Box 2).  

Step 3: Enter your management credits in Box 2 (maximum 100 points). All applicants may enter 80 points for completing required incident response and employee training plans (described on page A-3). Applicants completing an optional odor management plan (described on page A-3), may add an additional 20 points. Applicants determine plan contents, as long as the plan addresses the required topics.

Step 4: Add Box 1 and Box 2. Subtract Box 3 and enter the total in Box 4. This is your Odor Score.    

- See PDF for diagram

- See PDF for diagram - See PDF for diagram - See PDF for diagram - See PDF for diagram - See PDF for diagram - See PDF for diagram

Box 1   Box 2     Box 3     Box 4

Separation Score Management Score       Predicted Odor   Odor Score

(from Step 2)   (from Step 3)       (from Step 1)

- See PDF for diagram

_____________________________________________   _______________________
Signature of Applicant or Authorized Representative   Date

- See PDF for diagram

Worksheet 2 (continued)

Table B: Separation Score - See PDF for table

Chart 1: Separation Score - See PDF for table

Worksheet 2 (continued)

Chart 2: Odor Generation Numbers - See PDF for table - See PDF for table - See PDF for table

Worksheet 2 (continued)

Chart 3: Odor Control Practices - See PDF for table

*Smaller multiplier = more odor controlled (e.g. a multiplier of 0.4 represents a 60% control).

Innovative Odor Control Practices (all odor sources):

You may take credit for odor control practices not listed in Chart 3 if DATCP pre-approves a multiplier for each of those practices. Follow the procedure in ATCP 51.14(5)(c) to obtain DATCP approval. If you obtain DATCP approval, you may include the approved practice and multiplier in odor worksheet calculations in the same manner as for odor control practices listed in Chart 3 (attach DATCP approval to your application).

Worksheet 2 (continued)

Odor Control Practice Specifications

Odor control practices identified in Chart 3 must meet the following specifications:

Animal Housing

Diet manipulation (A1) – Limit protein in animal diet by one of the following means:

•   Match nutrient supply with animal requirements.

•   Formulate low-protein amino acid supplemented diets.

•   Add phytase enzyme ingredients.

•   Process ingredients in ways that limit protein content of processed feed.

•   Use phase feeding.

•   Use split sex feeding.

•   Minimize feed wastage.

Bio-filter (B1) – Vent air from animal housing areas through a bio-filter consisting of compost and wood chips, mixed at a rate of 30:70 to 50:50 (ratio by weight of compost to wood chips). The mixture must be at least 40% moisture by weight. The bio-filter must be 10" to 18" thick, and must have an area of at least 50 to 85 sq. ft. per 1000 cu. ft. per minute (cfm) of airflow.

Vegetable oil sprinkling (B2) – Sprinkle vegetable oil on floors in animal housing areas (swine) each day. Apply oil at start-up rate of approximately 40 milliliters per square meter per day (mL/m 2 -day) in the first 1-2 days of each production cycle. During the remainder of each production cycle, apply oil at maintenance rate of 5 mL/m 2 -day. Avoid oil applications to pens near fans, to areas near heaters, and to areas surrounding feeders.

Fresh water flush (B3) – Use fresh water to flush manure from floors of animal housing areas into collection or waste storage structures . Flush at least 3 times a day, and more often if necessary, to prevent manure from drying and sticking to floors. Flush must be adequate to remove manure solids effectively.

Treated water flush (B4) – Use treated manure effluent to flush manure from floors of animal housing areas into collection or waste storage structures . Flush at least 3 times a day, and more often if necessary, to prevent manure from drying and sticking to floors. Flush with waste storage effluent treated by one of the following means:

•   Solids Separation and Reduction (see E4 below).

•   Aeration (see F1 below).

•   Anaerobic digestion (see E1 below).

Air Dam (B5) – Erect and maintain a wall (typically a 10-foot x 10-foot pipe frame and tarpaulin) placed at the end of a swine-finishing building, immediately downwind of the exhaust to deflect air and odor plume. Replace material used for the barriers (tarpaulins on a frame of solid wood, for example) as needed, which may be from a few years to decades, depending on the material.

Windbreak (C1) – Maintain a solid or porous windbreak, 10 to 50 feet from the odor source, which reduces forward momentum of airflow and vertically disperses the odor plume. The length of a windbreak shall be at least half of the perimeter of the animal housing. A windbreak may be constructed of vegetation or other materials. Vegetation windbreaks must contain at least 3 rows of trees and shrubs, of both fast and slow-growing species, that are well suited for the site. Windbreaks must be designed and constructed according to NRCS Technical Guide Standard 380 (June, 2002).

Frequent cleaning of animal housing area (D1) – Scrape and remove manure from animal housing areas at least 3 times a day.

Worksheet 2 (continued)

Waste Storage Facilities

Anaerobic digestion (E1) – Subject manure to managed biological decomposition within a sealed oxygen-free container ("digester"). Anaerobic digestion must meet design and operational standards necessary to achieve adequate odor control, including requirements for solids concentration, flow rates, retention time, and minimum temperatures. Systems must meet the following:

•   Plug flow digester. Treats manure with a total solids concentration of 8 to 14%. Must be kept in the digester for at least 20 days at a temperature of 95 ° to 104 ° F. (35 ° to 40 ° C). The digester's ratio of flow path width to fluid depth must be between 3.5:1 and 5:1.

•   Complete mix digester. Treats manure with a total solids concentration of 2.5 to 10%. Must be kept in the digester for at least 17 days at a temperature of 95 ° to 104 ° F. (35 ° to 40 ° C.). The digester must have appropriate mixing devices to ensure complete mixing.

•   Fixed film digester. Treats manure with a total solids concentration of not more than 5%. Must be kept in the digester for 1 to 6 days at a temperature of 59 ° to 99 ° F (15 ° to 39 ° C). Microbial support material must have at least 3-inch openings.

•   Other systems. Use proprietary design and performance specifications that are commonly accepted and provide adequate odor mitigation.

Chemical or biological additives (E2) – Apply, to stored manure, chemical or biological additives that are scientifically proven to be effective in reducing odor from that manure when applied under applicable conditions and in applicable amounts.

Compost (E3) – Aerobically treat solid or semi-solid manure to create compost. Compost must have a carbon: nitrogen ratio of 25:1 to 40:1, and must consist of at least 40 to 60% moisture by weight. Composted material must be held at a temperature of more than 130 ° F. (54 ° C.) for more than 5 days.

Solids Separation and Reduction (E4) – Reduce the solid content of stored manure to an average of less than 2% solids through separation, multi-tiered pits or other means.

Water Treatment (E5) – Install and use a physical, chemical or biological process that removes the majority of contaminants from the waste stream, resulting in a liquid effluent meeting surface water discharge standards. The remaining solid fraction or sludge must be accounted for based on its form, and the management it is subject to.

Aeration (F1) – Use aeration equipment to maintain aerobic activity in stored manure. Aeration must maintain an average of 2 milligrams of dissolved oxygen per liter of manure stored in the upper foot of manure stored in the aerated structure between April and October.

Bio-cover (F2) – Cover the surface of waste storage structure with an 8 ‶ to 12 ‶ thick blanket of dry wheat, barley or good quality straw. The blanket must cover nearly all of the waste surface between the months of April and October. Add to the blanket as necessary (typically every 6 weeks to 4 months) to maintain the required cover.

Geotextile cover (F3) – Cover the surface of waste storage structure with a geotextile membrane that is at least 2.4 mm thick. The membrane must cover nearly all of waste surface between the months of April and October.

Impermeable cover (F4) – Cover the surface of waste storage structure with an impermeable barrier that prevents gas from escaping. Gas must be drawn off, and either treated or burned.

Natural crust (F5) – Maintain a natural crust of dry manure on the surface of stored manure. The natural crust must cover a substantial amount of the surface area of the stored manure, for most of the time between the months of April and October.

Bottom fill (F6) – Add manure to a liquid manure storage structure from the bottom so as to limit disturbance to the surface of the stored manure.

Windbreak (G1) – Maintain a solid or porous windbreak, 10 to 50 feet from the odor source, which reduces forward momentum of airflow and vertically disperses the odor plume. The length of a windbreak shall be at least half of the perimeter of the waste storage facility. A windbreak may be constructed of vegetation or other materials. Vegetation windbreaks must contain at least 3 rows of trees and shrubs, of both fast and slow-growing species, that are well suited for the site. Windbreaks must be designed and constructed according to NRCS Technical Guide Standard 380 (June, 2002).

Worksheet 2 (continued)

Animal Lots

Frequent cleaning of animal lot (H1) – Scrape and remove manure from animal lot surfaces at least once every 3 days. You may leave an undisturbed, compacted manure layer (1 to 2 inches thick) on the surface of unpaved animal lots to provide good surface sealing.

Drag animal lot (H2) – Drag manure in animal lots with harrow or disk at least once every 7 days during the months of April though October, to aerate and dry the manure.

Animal lot moisture control (I1) – Prevent runoff water from flowing onto animal lots from roofs and other surfaces. Use diversions or roof runoff systems identified in s. ATCP 50.70 or 50.85 . Animal lots must have a grade of at least one percent to promote drainage and drying.

Windbreak (J1) – Maintain a solid or porous windbreak, 10 to 50 feet from the odor source, which reduces forward momentum of airflow and vertically disperses the odor plume. The length of a windbreak shall be at least half of the perimeter of the animal lot . A windbreak may be constructed of vegetation or other materials. Vegetation windbreaks must contain at least 3 rows of trees and shrubs, of both fast and slow-growing species, that are well suited for the site. Windbreaks must be designed and constructed according to NRCS Technical Guide Standard 380 (June, 2002). - See PDF for table - See PDF for table - See PDF for table

Applicant affirms that the information provided in Part A is accurate.

     

Signature of Applicant or Authorized Representative   Date - See PDF for table - See PDF for table - See PDF for table

* NOTE: A livestock facility is NOT required to attain or exceed this ratio of acres to animal units . But IF your livestock facility will attain or exceed this ratio and will have fewer than 500 animal units , you need NOT complete Part C of this worksheet.

Applicant affirms that the information provided in Part B is accurate.

     

Signature of Applicant or Authorized Representative   Date - See PDF for table

I certify that the documentation supporting this checklist is complete and accurate:

Signature of Qualified Nutrient Management Planner , other than applicant: ______________________________________

(qualified by 1. NAICC-CPCC, 2. ASA-CCA, 3. ASA-Professional Agronomist, 4. SSSA-Soil Scientist)

Signature of Applicant or Authorized Representative: _______________________________________________________ - See PDF for table

  - See PDF for diagram ___________________________________________________________________________

  Print Name of Engineer (include WI License No.) or Certified Agricultural Engineering Practitioner

  ______________________________________________________________   _________

  Signature of Engineer or Practitioner     Date

  ___________________________________________________________________________

  Name of Firm and Address - See PDF for table

1 Treat multiple lots as one animal lo t if runoff from the animals lots drains to the same treatment area or if runoff from the animal lot treatment areas converges or reaches the same surface water within 200 feet of any of those treatment areas.

2 Indicated by a solid or dashed blue line on a 1:24,000 scale USGS topographic map.

3 "Minor alterations" are repairs or improvements that do not result in a substantially altered animal lot. "Minor alterations" may include conservation practices such as runoff diversions, contouring, and planting vegetation.

4 Runoff may be diverted by means of earthen diversions, curbs, walls, gutters, waterways or other practices, as appropriate.

5 Use safe methods to dispose of collected leachate. For example, leachate may be transferred to waste storage structures and then applied to land at agronomic rates. - See PDF for table

  ______________________________________________________________   _________

  Signature of Applicant or Authorized Representative     Date

  - See PDF for diagram _______________________________________________________________

  Print Name of Engineer (include WI License No.) or Certified Practitioner

  _______________________________________________________________   _________

  Signature of Engineer or Practitioner     Date

  ________________________________________________________________

  Name of Firm and Address

_____________________________

1 Runoff may be diverted by means of earthen diversions, curbs, walls, gutters, waterways or other practices, as appropriate.

2 Use safe methods to dispose of collected leachate. For example, leachate may be transferred to waste storage and then applied to land at agronomic rates.

3 A tile system or curtain drain may be used to intercept lateral groundwater seepage, as necessary, to achieve the required distance to groundwater.