Section 812.07. Definitions.

  The following terms are defined as follows:

(1)  “Adequate water supply" means a water supply which has a well yield and the pump capacity to provide the quantity and quality, where obtainable, according to s. NR 812.06 , of water necessary for human or sanitary use, or for the preparation of food products and other purposes for which the water is intended to be used.

(1d)  “Advance notification" means notification to the department via fax, e-mail or telephone at least one working day before commencing any work.

(1h)  “Agricultural crop field" means land where there is evidence that agricultural crops were or are being grown.

(1p)  “Air-gap" means the unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe or faucet supplying water to a tank or plumbing fixture and the flood level rim or spill level of the receptacle.

(1t)  “Animal barn" means a covered, paved or unpaved area in which animals are kept. This includes an area where an individual animal is kept, but does not include a single pet house or single pet kennel housing 5 or fewer adult pets on a residential lot.

(2)  “Animal barn pen" means a covered, enclosed concrete area where animals are kept.

(3)  “Animal yard" means an uncovered, paved or unpaved area in which animals are kept. This includes an area where an individual animal is kept, but does not include a single pet kennel enclosing 5 or fewer adult pets on a residential lot. An animal yard includes any fenced area where animals are kept or have access including pastures, feed lots, pens, calf hutches, lanes, and riding corrals.

(4)  “Animal shelter" means a covered, paved or unpaved area in which animals are kept. This includes an area where an individual animal is kept, but does not include a single pet house or single pet kennel housing 5 or fewer adult pets on a residential lot.

(5)  “Annular space" means the space between 2 concentric cylinders or circular objects, such as the space between an upper enlarged drillhole and a well casing pipe.

(6)  “API" means the American Petroleum Institute.

(7)  “Approval" means the prior approval of the department.

(8)  “Approved" means approved by the department.

(9)  “ASSE" means American society of sanitary engineering.

(10)  “ASTM" or “ASTM International" means the organization formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials.

(10m)  “AWWA" means the American Water Works Association.

(11)  “Aquifer" means a geological layer of either unconsolidated material, usually sand or gravel or both, or bedrock lying below the ground surface, that is all or partially saturated with water and permeable enough to allow water to be extracted as from a well.

(12)  “Artesian pressure" means water pressure in an aquifer sufficient enough to cause the groundwater level in a well to rise above the level at which it was encountered in the well whether or not the water flows at the ground surface.

(13)  “Artesian well" means a well in which the groundwater rises above the level at which it was encountered in the well whether or not the water flows at the ground surface.

(14)  “AWWA" means American water works association.

(15)  “AWS" means American welding society.

(16)  “Bail-down method" means a method for setting a screen whereby the screen is fitted with an open pipe sleeve or a bail-down shoe at its lower end and sediment is removed from below the screen to allow the screen to settle into place.

(17)  “Basement" means a subsurface structure or part of a structure in which the floor is entirely below grade.

(17m)  “Batch chlorination" means the process of disinfecting a well by injecting, in one continuous pour, a chlorine solution that equals or exceeds the volume of standing water in the well and by using a process that recirculates the solution through the pump and pump discharge piping system back into the well.

(18)  “Bedrock" means any naturally formed consolidated or coherent material of the earth's crust, composed of one or more minerals, rock fragments or organic material that underlies any soil or other unconsolidated surficial material or is exposed at the surface. Bedrock includes, but is not limited to limestone (dolomite), sandstone, shale and igneous and metamorphic crystalline rock, including granite, rhyolite, quartzite, gabbro, basalt, gneiss, schist, diorite and greenstone.

(19)  “Cable-tool drilling machine" means a machine which uses a drill bit with a cutting edge at the bottom of a heavy string of tools suspended on a cable. The drillhole material is broken up by repeated lifting and dropping of the tools and bit.

(19m)  “Chemical conditioning" means using department-approved chemicals or products to restore a well to its original capacity, production capability or water quality.

(20)  “Cistern" means a tank in which rainwater is stored or collected.

(21)  “Clay" means an inorganic soil with grain size less than 0.074mm and with characteristics of low permeability and a plasticity index (PI) of more than 7.

(22)  “Clay slurry" means a fluid mixture of water, clean native clay and drill cuttings or sand having a mud weight of at least 11 pounds per gallon.

(23)  “Clear water" means wastewater other than storm water, having no impurities or where impurities are below a minimum concentration considered harmful by the department of safety and professional services, including but not limited to noncontact cooling water and condensate drainage from refrigeration compressors and air-conditioning equipment, drainage of water used for equipment chilling purposes, and cooled condensate from steam heating systems or other equipment.

(24)  “Community water system" means a public water system which serves at least 15 service connections used by year-round residents or regularly serves at least 25 year-round residents. Any water system serving 7 or more single family homes, 10 or more mobile homes, 10 or more apartment units, 10 or more duplex living units or 10 or more condominium units shall be considered a community water system unless information satisfactory to the department is provided by the owner indicating that 25 year-round residents will not be served.

(24m)  “Comparable protection" means to substitute alternative protective measures to provide similar or equal sanitary protection to that provided by this chapter including the well location requirements of s. NR 812.08 .

(25)  “Conduit" means piping or tubing used to protect discharge or suction piping or electrical wires.

(26)  “Confining bed" means a geological layer of either unconsolidated material, usually clay or hardpan, or bedrock, usually shale, that is all or partially saturated with water and having permeability low enough relative to the aquifer to give the water in the aquifer artesian head.

(27)  “Contaminant" means any physical, chemical, biological or radiological substance or matter in water.

(27m)  “Crawl space" means the space below a building having no basement; the space being at ground grade, in a depression or in an excavation.

(27t)  “Cross connection" means a connection or potential connection between any part of a water supply system and another environment containing substances that, under any circumstances, would allow the substances to enter the water supply system by means of back siphonage or back pressure.

(28)  “DHS" means the department of health services.

(29m)  “DR" means dimension ratio and is used as a substitute for standard dimension ratio (SDR).

(30)  “Department" means the department of natural resources.

(30f)  “Detention basin" means an excavation into soils having low permeability or installed with a liner having low permeability, not having a permanent pool of water, designed and constructed to temporarily hold storm water to reduce peak discharges of storm water for flood control and to allow for the physical settling of pollutants.

(30m)  “Detention pond" means an impoundment that has a permanent pool of water and is designed to have the capacity to temporarily store storm water runoff to provide flood control and to allow for the physical settling of pollutants.

(30t)  “Ditch" means a long narrow excavation dug in the earth for the drainage of surface water.

(30x)  “Downslope location" means a well or reservoir is located directly down-gradient from a contamination source or a potential contamination source, regardless of the presence or absence of a structure between the well and the source, when the ground surface elevation at the well or reservoir is lower than the elevation at the source, and surface water that runs over the source would travel within 8 feet of the well or reservoir.

(31)  “Drawdown" means the extent to which the water level or water pressure in and near a well is lowered when water is pumped or flows from the well.

(32)  “Drilled wells" means wells or drillholes constructed by digging, boring, drilling, jetting, driving or similar methods. Drilled wells do not include driven point (sand point) wells unless driving the point is combined with a process to remove material below the 10-foot depth.

(33)  “Drillhole" means an excavation, opening or driven point well deeper than it is wide that extends more than 10 feet below the ground surface.

(a) “Heat exchange drillhole" means an excavation or opening in the ground that is deeper than it is wide, that extends more than 25 feet below the ground surface, and that is made for the purpose of installing a geothermal closed-loop heat exchange system.

(b) “Lower drillhole" means that part of a drillhole below the vertical zone of contamination or below the well casing pipe.

(c) “Upper enlarged drillhole" means a drillhole larger in diameter than the well casing pipe.

(34)  “Drilling mud" means a fluid mixture of water, sodium bentonite, drill cuttings and any approved additives.

(35)  “Driven point well" means a well constructed by joining a drive point with lengths of pipe, and driving the assembly into the ground with percussion equipment or by hand, but without first removing material below the 10-foot depth.

(35e)  “Dual-rotary drilling method" means a drilling system that uses a drilling machine with two separately-operated rotary-drive mechanisms, a top drive that rotates the drill string and bit, and a lower drive unit that clamps onto the casing pipe, rotates it and advances it into the geologic formation.

(35g)  “DSPS" means the department of safety and professional services.

(35m)  “Dug well" means a well consisting of a large diameter hole, deeper than it is wide, constructed into the ground, usually by hand, but if by mechanical means, by methods other than drilling, jetting or boring; and within which the side walls are supported by a curbing.

(37)  “Established ground surface" means the permanent elevation of the surface of the site of a well.

(38)  “Existing installations" means wells and water systems which were constructed, reconstructed or installed before October 1, 2014.

(40)  “FDA" means U.S. food and drug administration.

(41)  “Feature" means any well construction or pump installation item for which there is a specification in this chapter.

(41m)  “Filling and sealing" means to fill a well, drillhole, pit or reservoir with a material or materials so the well, drillhole, pit or reservoir will not act as a vertical conduit to contaminate another well, groundwater or an aquifer.

(42)  “Filter strip" means an area of vegetation designed and constructed in accordance with Soil Conservation Service Standard 393 adjacent to an animal yard or animal shelter or adjacent to a manure storage facility, used to remove sediment and organic matter from the runoff from the facility.

(43)  “Floodfringe" means that portion of the floodplain outside of the floodway which is covered by flood water during the regional flood. The term floodfringe is generally associated with standing water rather than flowing water.

(44)  “Floodplain" means that land which has been or may be covered by flood water during the regional flood. The floodplain includes the floodway, floodfringe, shallow depth flooding, flood storage and coastal floodplain areas.

(45)  “Floodway" means the channel of a river or stream and those portions of the floodplain adjoining the channel required to carry the regional flood discharge.

(46)  “Flowing well" means a well from which groundwater flows above the ground surface without pumping.

(47)  “Flushing" means causing a rapid intermittent flow of water from a well by pumping, bailing or similar operation.

(47m)  “Foundation drain" means a subsoil drain that serves the area of the foundation of a building.

(48)  “Grease interceptor or trap" means a receptacle designed to intercept and retain grease or fatty substances.

(49)  “Groundwater' means any of the waters of the state, as defined in s. 281.01 (18) , Stats., occurring in a saturated subsurface geological formation of rock or soil.

(50)  “Hazardous waste treatment facility" has the meaning designated in s. 291.01 (22) , Stats.

(50e)  “Heat exchange drilling" means the industry and procedure employed in making heat exchange drillholes.

(50m)  “Heating-airconditioning air shaft" means a vertical, lined excavation extending deeper than 10 feet below the ground surface used for the intake or exhaust of air to or from a heating or air conditioning.

(51)  “High capacity property" means one property on which a high capacity well system exists or is to be constructed.

(52)  “High capacity well" means a well constructed on a high capacity property.

(53)  “High capacity well system" means one or more wells, drillholes, or mine shafts used or to be used to withdraw water for any purpose on one property, if the total pumping or flowing capacity of all wells, drillholes, or mine shafts on one property is 70 or more gallons per minute based on the pump curve at the lowest system pressure setting, or based on the highest flow rate from a flowing well or wells.

(54)  “Holding tank" means a watertight receptacle used for the collection and holding of wastewater.

(54g)  “Hung liner" means a well casing pipe which is placed into an existing larger diameter well casing pipe or into an existing drillhole, installed in a manner not extending all the way to the bottom of the well.

(54r)  “Hung well casing pipe" means a casing pipe that is smaller in diameter than the enlarged drillhole into which it is placed and installed in a manner so it does not extend all the way to the bottom of the enlarged drillhole.

(55)  “Hydrofracturing" means hydraulic fracturing of an aquifer by injecting a fluid into the well under pressures great enough to open the bedrock along bedding planes, joints and fractures and may include injecting sand or a similar approved material to hold the crevices open when the pressure is removed.

(55c)  “Infiltration basin" means an excavation into permeable soils designed and constructed to temporarily store surface water runoff and allow it to infiltrate so as to provide flood control, groundwater recharge and to allow for the settling of pollutants.

(55e)  “Influent sewer" means a sanitary collector sewer beyond the last manhole prior to a wastewater treatment plant.

(55m)  “Junkyard" means a business or a property which is used for storing, processing, buying or selling scrap, automobile bodies or parts if the facility will continually have like materials on the premises. This term does not include litter or debris scattered along or upon a roadway, temporary outdoor storage of junk for limited duration, or smaller accumulations of junk on residential lots for personal use.

(56)  “Landfill" means a solid waste disposal site or facility, not classified as a landspreading facility or a surface impoundment facility, where solid waste is disposed on land. This term includes existing, proposed and abandoned landfills, open dumps, one-time disposal sites as defined in ch. NR 502 , small demolition landfills as defined in ch. NR 502 , mining waste disposal sites as defined in ch. NR 182 and hazardous waste disposal facilities as defined in chs. NR 660 to 670 .

(57)  “Landing collar" means a metal ring welded near the bottom of the inside of a string of well casing pipe to prevent a drillable grouting plug from dropping out the bottom of the well casing pipe during cement grouting.

(57m)  “Licensed pump installer" means any individual who has obtained a license under s. 280.15 (2m) , Stats., and s. NR 146.04 , as a pump installer and has paid the annual license fee under s. 280.15 (2m) (c) 2. , Stats.

(57s)  “Licensed water well driller" means any individual who has obtained a license under s. 280.15 (2m) , Stats., and s. NR 146.04 , as a water well driller and has paid the annual license fee under s. 280.15 (2m) (c) 1. , Stats.

(57t)  “Lift station" means a wastewater collection and pumping structure that collects wastewater from collector sewers and pumps it through force main sewers.

(57w)  “Limits of filling", for a landfill, means the outermost limit at which waste at a landfill facility has been disposed of, or approved, or proposed for disposal.

(58)  “Liner pipe" means:

(a) Protective well casing pipe installed subsequent to initial construction to seal off a zone of contamination; or

(b) Well casing pipe installed during or subsequent to the initial well construction to seal off a caving or sloughing formation or to eliminate turbidity.

(59)  “Liquid waste" means process wastewater from food processing, product manufacturing and contaminated water removed from underground or open pit workings of a mine. This definition does not include clear water waste.

(60)  “Liquid waste disposal system" means a facility for disposing of liquid wastes consisting of a ridge and furrow system, a landspreading system including sludge drying beds at a wastewater treatment plant, a wastewater spray irrigation system, or an absorption, seepage, retention, storage or treatment pond, lagoon, or a wastewater slow sand filter or filters.

(61)  “Manure hopper or reception tank" means a liquid-tight concrete, steel or otherwise fabricated vessel primarily for the purpose of facilitating conveyance of liquid or solid manure from one point to another in an animal waste handling system.

(61g)  “Manure loading area" means an area where manure is transferred from an animal shelter unloader or a barn unloader onto a pad or into a receptacle.

(61m)  “Manure stack" means solid manure stacked for more than 120 days on the ground surface or on a paved surface.

(61q)  “Manure storage structure, earthen" means an impoundment made by excavation or mounding of soil for treatment or temporary storage of liquid or solid animal wastes. This term includes structures lined with clay, bentonite or synthetic film materials and structures consisting of slats or drainage openings (“picket dams") used to store solid or semi-solid animal waste material from which runoff occurs. This term also includes fabricated manure storage structures that are not watertight situated above, at or below ground grade.

(61u)  “Manure storage structure, fabricated" means a concrete, steel or otherwise fabricated structure used for treatment or temporary storage of liquid or solid animal waste.

(62)  “Monitoring well" means a well or drillhole constructed for the purpose of obtaining information on the physical, chemical, radiological or biological characteristics of the groundwater.

(63)  “Near surface water" means water in the zone immediately below the ground surface. It includes, but is not limited to seepage from barnyards, leaching pools and disposal beds or leakage from sewers, drains and similar sources of contaminated water.

(64)  “Non-community water system" means a public water system that is not a community water system. A non-community water system may be either a non-transient non-community water system or a transient non-community water system.

(65)  “Nominal diameter" means the inside pipe diameter for pipe sizes 1-inch diameter through 12-inch diameter and means the outside pipe diameter for pipe sizes greater than 12-inch diameter.

(66)  “Nonpotable" means water supplied for purposes other than human consumption, sanitary use or the preparation of food or pharmaceutical products.

(67)  “NSF" or “NSF International" means the organization formerly known as the National Sanitation Foundation.

(68)  “One property" means all contiguous land controlled by one owner, lessee, or any other person having a possessory interest. Lands under single ownership bisected by highways or railroad right-of-ways are considered contiguous.

(69)  “Outcrop" means bedrock exposed at the ground surface, including roadcuts.

(70)  “Percussion drilling method" means a drilling method using a cable-tool drilling machine or a drilling method whereby the permanent well casing pipe is driven, or is set into an upper enlarged drillhole and then driven; soil or rock material inside is broken up or crushed with a drill bit; and the drill cuttings are removed from inside or just below the casing pipe. This method may be performed with a cable-tool drilling machine, a rotary machine with a hammer or with a casing hammer.

(71)  “Permit" means a well location or pump installation permit issued by a county authorized to administer ch. NR 812 under ch. NR 845 .

(72)  “Person" means an individual, firm, business, corporation, limited liability corporation, company, association, cooperative, trust institution, partnership, state, public utility, municipality, or federal, state, or interstate agency.

(72m)  “Pet waste disposal unit" means a dry well, seepage bed, seepage pit, seepage trench, seepage mound or an absorption field used for the disposal of pet waste material.

(73)  “Pit" means any structure that is completely or partially below the ground surface or below a building floor used for the housing of wells, offset pumps, pressure tanks or valves. Subsurface well or pumprooms, alcoves, adjoining a basement foundation structure are pits.

(74)  “Pitless adapter or unit" means a mechanical device attached to the well casing pipe, usually below the frost level, for underground conveyance of water from the well.

(a) “Weld-on pitless adapter" means a pitless adapter attached to a cut opening in the well casing pipe by a weld applied at the well site.

(b) “Pitless unit" means a pitless adapter device assembled and pressure tested for leakage at a factory and designed to be attached, in the field, to the top of the cut-off portion of the well casing pipe.

(c) “Clamp-on or bolt-on pitless adapter" is a pump installation discharge equipment device having a saddle designed to be attached to cover the outside of an opening that has been cut through the well casing pipe, to allow the saddle to be connected with nuts to the ends of a threaded U-bolt or U-strap that will surround the well casing pipe.

(d) “Bolt-through pitless adapter" is a pitless device that includes two gasketed metal segments that are to be attached with a threaded coupling and designed to extend through and plug a hole that has been cut through the polyvinyl chloride or ABS thermoplastic well casing pipe.

(e) “Pitless receiver tank" means a pitless unit having a permanently attached steel pressure tank surrounding the casing pipe as an integral part of the unit and installed, as a unit, at a factory.

(75)  “Potable" means water supplied for human consumption, sanitary use or for the preparation of food or pharmaceutical products.

(75c)  “Potable water" means water supplied for human consumption, or water supplied for sanitary use or for the washing or preparation of food or pharmaceutical products.

(75g)  “POWTS" means a private onsite wastewater treatment system.

(75L)  “POWTS component" means any subsystem, subassembly or other system designed for use in or as part of a private onsite wastewater treatment system which may include treatment, dispersal, or holding and includes any related piping.

(75p)  “POWTS dispersal unit" means a device or method intended to promote the assimilation of treated wastewater by the environment.

(75t)  “POWTS holding component" means any receptacle intended to collect wastewater for a period of time, including holding tanks and dosing tanks.

(75x)  “POWTS treatment component" means a device or method that is intended to reduce the contaminant load of wastewater.

(76)  “Preparation of food products" means washing, cooling, cooking, pasteurizing, bottling, canning or otherwise preparing food for human consumption and includes the washing of utensils and equipment used in the production or preparation of food.

(77)  “Pressure or box elbow" means a special concentric pipe fitting used to raise the horizontal pressurized concentric piping arrangement between a well and an offset pump vertically to the specified elevation above the floor.

(78)  “Private water system" means any water system supplying water that is not a public water system.

(79)  “Privy" means a building or structure located above a buried container or above an unlined excavation used for the deposition of human waste.

(79e)  “Pressure system" means that portion of a pump installation that is upstream of a building control valve or upstream of a pressure tank, including the pressure tank.

(79m)  “Proposed landfill" means a solid waste disposal facility for which actual notice of the intention to develop the facility has been given to the owners of property located within 1,200 feet of the proposed facility or for which a request has been made under s. 289.22 (1m) , Stats., provided that a feasibility report under s. 289.23 , Stats., is submitted to the department within 2 years after the applicable notice or request. Proposed landfill does not include a facility the department has determined to be not feasible under s. 289.23 , Stats., or a facility for which the department has determined that an approval for the facility is not being pursued with reasonable diligence.

(79p)  “Property transfer well inspection" means an inspection, for compensation, for the purpose of locating or evaluating wells that need to be filled and sealed and water supply wells or pressure systems on real property in contemplation of a transfer of the real property.

(79t)  “Property transfer well inspector" means an individual licensed as a water well driller or pump installer who performs a property transfer well inspection, completes the form required in s. NR 812.44 (3) and collects the water samples required in s. NR 812.44 (4) .

(80)  “Public water system" means a system for the provision to the public of piped water for human consumption through pipes or other constructed conveyances if the system has at least 15 service connections or regularly serves an average of at least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days out of the year. A public water system is either a “community water system" or a “non-community water system." A system:

(a) Includes any collection, treatment, storage, and distribution facilities under control of the operator of the system and used primarily in connection with the system, and

(b) Includes any collection or pretreatment storage facilities not under the system's control which are used primarily in connection with the system.

(80m)  “Pump installation" means the pump and its associated pressure system including any equipment and material needed to withdraw, obtain, discharge and store water from a well or a spring. The pump installation includes the spring box, reservoir, pump, pump drop pipe, check valves, well cap or seal, pitless adapter, pitless receiver tank, pitless unit, above-ground discharge unit, associated discharge piping and associated connections, valves and appurtenances, pressure tank, sampling faucet, water storage or pressure vessel or structure, the electrical wiring and controls needed to operate the pump or pressure system, and any chemical addition, water treatment device or yard hydrant upstream of the water storage or pressure vessel or building control valve.

(81)  “Pump installer" has the meaning designated in s. 280.01 (4) , Stats.

(82)  “Pump installing" has the meaning specified in s. 280.01 (5) , Stats., and includes installing, repairing, replacing or reinstalling a: spring box, reservoir, pump, pump drop pipe, check valve, well cap or seal, pitless adapter, pitless receiver tank, pitless unit, above-ground discharge unit, associated discharge piping and associated connections, valves and appurtenances, pressure tank, sampling faucet, water storage or pressure vessel or structure, the electrical wiring and controls needed to operate a pump or pressure system, and any chemical addition, water treatment device or yard hydrant upstream of the water storage or pressure vessel or building control valve; attaching well casing pipe to extend the well casing pipe to a complying height above grade, or up and out of a pit or a subsurface pumproom or alcove; or bailing or chemically conditioning a well to return it to its original capacity, production capability or water quality. Pump installing does not include installation of a temporary test pump by a well driller for the purpose of determining well capacity or water quality and does not include the installation, by a well driller, of a well cap or seal. Opening a well cap or well seal to inspect or chlorinate a well is also not considered pump installing unless the well cap or seal is replaced with a different cap or seal, or unless the well has a hand pump installed on it.

(83)  “Pumping water level" means the elevation of the surface of the water in a well after a period of pumping at a given rate.

(84)  “Quarry" means an open or surface working in bedrock for the extraction of nonmetallic materials, usually construction stone, including those no longer in operation.

(85)  “Reconstruction" means modifying the original construction of a well. Reconstruction includes, but is not limited to deepening, lining, installing or replacing a screen, underreaming, hydrofracturing and blasting.

(85m)  “Recycling facility" means a facility where waste materials are recycled including a facility where waste has been generated.

(86)  “Regional flood" means a flood determined to be representative of large floods known to have occurred in Wisconsin or which may be expected to occur on a particular lake, river, or stream once in every 100 years.

(87)  “Reservoir" means a facility for storage of water constructed entirely above or partially below the ground surface.

(88)  “Rotary drilling method" means a drilling method whereby an upper enlarged drillhole is constructed using a circular rotating action applied to a string of hollow drilling rods having a drill bit attached to the bottom.

(89)  “Salvage yard" means a site or facility at which salvageable materials are stored or at which wrecking, dismantling or demolition of salvageable materials are conducted. Salvage yards also include those yards with 25 or more inoperable vehicles.

(90)  “Sanitary building drain" means horizontal piping within or under a building, which conveys wastewater consisting in part of domestic wastewater, and which is installed below the lowest fixture or the lowest floor level from which fixtures can drain by gravity to the building sewer .

(91)  “Sanitary building sewer" means that part of the drain system not within or under a building which conveys its discharge of wastewater consisting in part of domestic wastewater to a public sewer, private interceptor main sewer, private onsite wastewater treatment system or other point of discharge or dispersal.

(92)  “Sanitary collector sewer" means a sanitary sewer serving 2 or more sanitary building sewers.

(93)  “Sanitary condition" means, when referring to a well, reservoir, or spring:

(a) That the construction of the well, reservoir or spring and the installation of the pumping equipment are such that the well, reservoir or spring is effectively protected against entrance of surface contamination, and

(b) That the location and the surrounding area are free from debris or filth of any character and not subject to flooding.

(94)  “School" means a public or private educational facility in which a program of educational instruction is provided to children in any grade or grades from five-year old kindergarten through the 12th grade. Water systems serving athletic fields, school forests, environmental centers, home-based schools, day-care centers and Sunday schools are not school water systems.

(94g)  “Scrap metal processing facility" means a facility at which machinery or equipment, or both, are used for the processing and manufacturing of iron, steel or nonferrous metallic scrap into prepared grades and whose principal product is scrap iron, scrap steel or nonferrous scrap for sale for resmelting purposes.

(94r)  “Septage" means the wastewater or contents of septic or holding tanks, dosing chambers, grease interceptors, seepage beds, seepage pits, seepage trenches, privies or portable restrooms.

(95)  “Septic tank" means a tank which receives and partially treats sewage through processes of sedimentation, oxygenation, flotation and bacterial action so as to separate solids from liquids in the sewage and discharges the liquid to a soil absorption unit.

(96)  “Sinkhole" means a depression or opening on the land surface, usually funnel-shaped, generally formed by solution or collapse of limestone, dolomite or to a lesser extent sandstone bedrock occurring at or near the surface. Sinkholes may be partially or completely filled with unconsolidated material and solution enlargement of vertical passages often extend to the water table. Collapse of mine workings in other consolidated formations are also considered sinkholes.

(96g)  “Sludge" means the accumulated solids generated during the biological, physical or chemical treatment of potable water or wastewater.

(96m)  “Sodium bentonite" means a clay formed from the decomposition and recrystallization of volcanic ash and is largely composed of the clay mineral montmorillonite (Na .33 (Al 1.67 Mg .33 ) Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 ), commonly referred to as “western" or “Wyoming" bentonite, and has extensive ability to absorb water and swell to many times its original volume.

(97)  “Soil absorption unit" means an absorption field, dry well, seepage bed, seepage pit, seepage mound or seepage trench designed for the disposal of wastewater effluent or clear water wastes by soil absorption. Soil absorption unit includes units both regulated and not regulated by ch. SPS 383 and units abandoned within 3 years.

(97m)  “Solid waste processing facility" means a solid waste facility at which solid waste is baled, shredded, pulverized, composted, classified, separated, combusted or otherwise treated or altered by some means to facilitate further transfer, processing, utilization or disposal. Solid waste processing facility does not include an operation conducted by scrap metal, paper, fiber or plastic processors which are excluded form the definition of “solid waste facilities" in ch. NR 500 .

(98)  “Solid waste transfer facility" means a solid waste site for baling or transferring solid waste from one vehicle or container to another.

(99)  “Special well casing pipe depth area" means an area established by the department requiring greater depth of well casing pipe and stringent well construction methods because of contamination. A list is available from the department.

(100)  “Specific capacity" means the continuous yield of water from a well at a given discharge expressed in gallons per minute per foot of drawdown.

(101)  “Spring" means a place where groundwater flows naturally from rock or soil onto the land surface or into a body of water.

(102)  “Standard dimension ratio" means the ratio of average outside pipe diameter to minimum pipe wall thickness.

(103)  “Static water level" means the level of the surface of the water in a well or water pressure at the top of a well, when no water flows or is being pumped. For flowing wells with a positive water pressure at the top of the well, the static water elevation is determined either by a stilling pipe or pressure gauge. Water levels are referenced to the elevation of the top of the well or the established ground surface at the well.

(104)  “Storm building drain" means horizontal piping within or under a building which conveys storm water, clear water or both, and which is installed below the lowest fixture or the lowest floor level, from which fixtures or sources can drain by gravity to the building sewer.

(105)  “Storm building sewer" means that part of the drain system not within or under a building which conveys its discharge of storm water, clear water, or both, to a public sewer, private interceptor main sewer, private onsite wastewater system or other point of discharge or dispersal.

(106)  “Storm collector sewer" means a storm sewer that collects storm water, storm waste, clear water wastes or other similar water from 2 or more storm sewer inlets or catch basins.

(107)  “Subsoil drain" means that part of a drain system that conveys groundwater to a point of discharge or dispersal.

(108)  “Sump" means a tank or pit that receives wastewater that must be emptied by mechanical means.

(108r)  “Surface water" means all water which is open to the atmosphere and subject to surface runoff.

(109)  “Surge tank" means a tank into which overflow from a flowing well, spring or other water source is discharged and is repumped to a pressure tank or the water system.

(110)  “Telescoping method" means a method for setting a well screen where the well casing pipe is driven to the proposed screen setting depth and the well casing pipe is then pulled back to expose the screen. A packer is used to seal the annulus between the top of the screen and the bottom of the well casing pipe.

(110m)  “Temporary manure stack" means solid manure only, piled for no more than 120 days within any one year period.

(110s)  “Temporary outer casing" means a string of casing pipe that is driven, turned or placed from the ground surface into the surficial geological formation or formations as part of the process of constructing an upper enlarged drillhole and which is not intended to be left in place as a permanent well casing pipe.

(111)  “Top of bedrock" means the top of firm rock. The determination of the top of bedrock shall be based on the change in the action of the drilling machine and on the change in the type and size of the drill cuttings. The presence of bedrock shall be indicated when a majority of the drill cuttings consist of either angular rock fragments, as in the case of crystalline bedrock, or rock fragments composed of individual grains or rock particles that are cemented together to form an aggregate, as opposed to single sediment particles, such as in sand.

(111m)  “Treatment pond" means a structure that is used for the treatment or storage of liquid waste. Treatment pond includes absorption, retention, storage and treatment ponds or lagoons.

(112)  “UL" means underwriters laboratories, inc.

(112m)  “Upstream" means, with respect to the pump installation discharge and pressure system, in a direction back towards the well.

(112q)  “Variance" means a department approval to construct or install a water system or a portion of a water system in a manner not in strict compliance with the requirements of this chapter, but providing comparable sanitary protection in accordance with conditions specified by the department in its approval.

(112v)  “Vegetated treatment area" means a component of an agricultural waste management system that is an area or strip of herbaceous vegetation designed and constructed to Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Standard 635 specifications, located adjacent to an animal barn, animal barn pen, animal shelter, animal yard or a manure storage facility and which is intended to improve water quality by reducing pollutants associated with animal manure and other agricultural wastewater runoff.

(113)  “Vertical zone of contamination" means that depth of geologic formations, generally near the ground surface, containing connecting pore spaces, crevices or similar openings, including artificial channels, such as unprotected wells or drillholes, through which contaminated water or contaminants gain access to a well or to the groundwater.

(114)  “Walkout basement" means a basement, with the floor at ground grade level on at least one side of the structure, from which it is possible to walk directly outside without walking upstairs or uphill.

(115)  “Wastewater" means any water carrying wastes created in and conducted away from residences, industrial establishments and public buildings with ground or surface water which may be present including any liquid wastes except clear water wastes.

(116)  “Wastewater treatment plant" has the meaning designated in ch. NR 114 .

(117)  “Water supply" means the sources, wells, pumps and intake and storage structures from which water is supplied for any purpose.

(118)  “Water system" means the water supply, storage, treatment facilities and all structures and piping by which water is provided for any purpose.

(119)  “Well" means any drillhole or other excavation or opening deeper than it is wide that extends more than 10 feet below the ground surface constructed for the purpose of obtaining groundwater.

(119g)  “Well and pressure system" means the water supply and pump installation upstream of a building control valve or pressure tank and including any pressure tank.

(120)  “Well cap or seal" means an approved apparatus or device used to cover the top of a well casing pipe.

(121)  “Well casing pipe" means pipe meeting standards specified in s. NR 812.17 which is driven or set to seal off the vertical zone of contamination.

(122)  “Well constructor" means any person that constructs a well which is not required to be constructed by a licensed individual water well driller or a registered water well drilling business.

(123)  “Well driller" has the meaning as designated in ch. 280 , Stats.

(124)  “Well drilling" has the meaning specified in s. 280.01 (8) , Stats., and includes any activity which requires the use of a well drilling rig or similar equipment, or any activity which is conducted using a well drilling rig or similar equipment with the exception of the driving of points having pipe or casing smaller than three inches in diameter. Well drilling also includes constructing a well or performing any activity which changes the characteristics of a drilled well including constructing, reconstructing or deepening a well, sealing the annular space of a well, joining or welding together lengths of well casing pipe or liner pipe, installation of a liner, installing or replacing a screen, well rehabilitation, hydrofracturing, blasting, and chemical conditioning.

(124m)  “Well Notification" means a notice provided by a prospective well owner or well driller to the department in accordance with s. 281.34 , Stats., before any new private well is constructed.

(125)  “Well-point driving" means constructing a well by joining a drive point screen with lengths of pipe and driving the assembly into the ground with percussion equipment or by hand, but without removing material from a drillhole more than 10 feet below the ground surface.

(126)  “Well vent" means a screened opening in a well seal to allow atmospheric pressure to be maintained in the well.

(127)  “Well yield" means the quantity of water which may flow or be pumped from the well per unit of time.

(128)  “Zone of saturation" means that part of the earth's crust beneath the shallowest water table in which all voids are filled with water under pressure greater than atmospheric.

History: Cr. Register, January, 1991, No. 421 , eff. 2-1-91; am. (3), (4), (48), (61m), (74) (b), (79), (81), (82), (107) and (119), cr. (27m) (30f), (30m), (30t), (30x), (72m), (79m), (97m) and (110m), renum. (36) and (39) to be (61q) and (61u) and am. Register, September, 1994, No. 465 , eff. 10-1-94; corrections made under s. 13.93 (2m) (b) 7., Stats., Register, September, 1994, No. 465 ; correction in (29), (30) and (79m) made under s. 13.93 (2m) (b) 6. and 7., Stats., Register, September, 1996, No. 489 ; corrections in (50), (81), (97), (123) and (124) made under s. 13.93 (2m) (b) 7., Stats., Register, December, 1998, No. 516 ; correction in (71) made under s. 13.93 (2m) (b) 7., Stats., Register July 2002 No. 559 ; CR 05-020 : cr. (24m) and (57w) Register January 2006 No. 601 , eff. 2-1-06; corrections in (28) and (56) made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 6. and 7., Stats., Register July 2010 No. 655 ; correction in (29), (97) made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 6., 7., Stats., and (29) renumbered to (35g) under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 1., Stats., Register December 2011 No. 672 ; CR 13-096 : am. (33) (a), cr. (50e), CR 13-099 : cr. (1d), (1h), (1p), (1t), am. (3), (4), (6), (10), cr. (10m), (17m), (19m), am. (23), (24), cr. (27t), (29m), am. (35), cr. (35e), am. (38), cr. (41m), (47m), am. (49), renum. (51) to (50), (52) to (51), am. (53), (54), cr. (54g), (54r), (55m), am. (57m), cr. (57s), am. (60), cr. (61g), am. (64), (67), (72), (74) (b), cr. (74) (c) to (e), (75c), (75g), (75L), (75p), (75t), (75x), (79e), (79p), (79t), am. (80), cr. (80m), r. and recr. (82), am. (84), cr. (85m), am. (86), (90), (91), (93) (intro.), (a), (94), cr. (94g), (94r), (96g), am. (104) to (108), cr. (108r), (110s), renum. (112g) to (111m), cr. (112m), (112v), (119g), am. (122), r. and recr. (124), cr. (124m) Register September 2014 No. 705 , eff. 10-1-14; correction in (67) made under s. 35.17, Stats., Register September 2014 No. 705 .

Note

The API address is 1220 L Street NW, Washington DC 20005-4070. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 The ASTM or ASTM International address is 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19148-2959. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 The AWWA address is 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80235. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A “driven point well" is also known as a sand point well. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 All other types of wells, including those constructed by a combination of jetting and driving, are drilled wells. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 The term “filling and sealing" replaces the term “abandonment," previously used in this chapter. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 The term “Vegetated treatment area" in now used instead of the term “filter strip." Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 The NSF or NSF International address is PO Box 130149, 789 N. Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 The term “water for human consumption" is used interchangeably with the term “potable water." Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 A “POWTS" may include, but is not limited to, a substitute for a septic tank or soil absorption field or a substitute for a holding tank. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 The terms “absorption field" and “sewage disposal unit" have been used in previous versions of this rule to describe these types of units. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Section 280.01 (4), Stats., was renumbered to s. 280.01 (2e) by 2005 Wis. Act 360 , and amended to change “pump installer" to “licensed pump installer." Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 The statutory definition of “pump installer" is any person, firm or corporation who has registered as such with the department and shall have paid the annual registration fee and obtained a permit to engage in pump installing. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Section 280.01 (5) , Stats., defines “Pump installing" to mean the industry and procedure employed in the placement and preparation for operation of equipment and materials utilized in withdrawing or obtaining water from a well for consumption or use, including all construction involved in making entrance to the well and establishing such seals and safeguards as are necessary to protect such water from contamination. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 In previous versions of this rule the term “prior to" was used in lieu of the term “upstream." Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 In previous versions of this rule the term “Filter strip" was used instead of the term “Vegetated treatment area." Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Section 280.01 (8) , Stats., defines “Well drilling" to mean the industry and procedure employed in obtaining groundwater from a well by digging, boring, drilling, driving or other methods but not including the driving of points for the purpose of obtaining ground water. It shall also include all construction work and installation of well casings in said well involved therein for the protection of such well water against pollution. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Attaching well casing pipe to the upper portion of a well to extend the well out of a pit is not considered well drilling. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 The Well Notification does not apply to proposed high capacity wells, school wells or wastewater treatment plant wells. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1