Section 666.104. Standards to control organic emissions.

 

(1)   DRE standard.

(a) General. Except as provided in par. (c) , a boiler or industrial furnace burning hazardous waste shall achieve a destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of 99.99% for all organic hazardous constituents in the waste feed. To demonstrate conformance with this requirement, 99.99% DRE shall be demonstrated during a trial burn for each principal organic hazardous constituent (POHC) designated (under par. (b) ) in its license for each waste feed. DRE is determined for each POHC from the following equation:

- See PDF for diagram

where:

W in = Mass feed rate of one principal organic hazardous constituent (POHC) in the hazardous waste fired to the boiler or industrial furnace

W out = Mass emission rate of the same POHC present in stack gas prior to release to the atmosphere

(b) Designation of POHCs. Principal organic hazardous constituents (POHCs) are those compounds for which compliance with the DRE requirements shall be demonstrated in a trial burn in conformance with procedures prescribed in s. NR 670.066 . One or more POHCs shall be designated by the department for each waste feed to be burned. POHCs shall be designated based on the degree of difficulty of destruction of the organic constituents in the waste and on their concentrations or mass in the waste feed considering the results of waste analyses submitted with the feasibility and plan of operation report. POHCs are most likely to be selected from among those compounds listed in ch. NR 661 Appendix VIII that are also present in the normal waste feed. However, if the applicant demonstrates to the department's satisfaction in writing that a compound not listed in ch. NR 661 Appendix VIII or not present in the normal waste feed is a suitable indicator of compliance with the DRE requirements, that compound may be designated as a POHC. Such POHCs need not be toxic or organic compounds.

(c) Dioxin-listed waste. A boiler or industrial furnace burning hazardous waste containing (or derived from) EPA hazardous waste numbers F020, F021, F022, F023, F026 or F027 shall achieve a destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of 99.9999% for each POHC designated (under par. (b) ) in its license. This performance shall be demonstrated on POHCs that are more difficult to burn than tetra-, penta- and hexachlorodibenzo- p -dioxins and dibenzofurans. DRE is determined for each POHC from the equation in par. (a) . In addition, the owner or operator of the boiler or industrial furnace shall notify the department of intent to burn EPA hazardous waste numbers F020, F021, F022, F023, F026 or F027.

(d) Automatic waiver of DRE trial burn. Owners and operators of boilers operated under the special operating requirements provided by s. NR 666.110 are considered to be in compliance with the DRE standard of par. (a) and are exempt from the DRE trial burn.

(e) Low risk waste. Owners and operators of boilers or industrial furnaces that burn hazardous waste in compliance with s. NR 666.109 (1) are considered to be in compliance with the DRE standard of par. (a) and are exempt from the DRE trial burn.

(2)   Carbon monoxide standard .

(a) Except as provided in sub. (3) , the stack gas concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) from a boiler or industrial furnace burning hazardous waste cannot exceed 100 ppmv on an hourly rolling average basis (i.e., over any 60 minute period), continuously corrected to 7% oxygen, dry gas basis.

(b) CO and oxygen shall be continuously monitored in conformance with "Performance Specifications for Continuous Emission Monitoring of Carbon Monoxide and Oxygen for Incinerators, Boilers and Industrial Furnaces Burning Hazardous Waste" in ch. NR 666 Appendix IX .

(c) Compliance with the 100 ppmv CO limit shall be demonstrated during the trial burn (for new facilities or an interim license facility applying for an operating license) or the compliance test (for interim license facilities). To demonstrate compliance, the highest hourly rolling average CO level during any valid run of the trial burn or compliance test may not exceed 100 ppmv.

(3)   Alternative carbon monoxide standard .

(a) The stack gas concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) from a boiler or industrial furnace burning hazardous waste may exceed the 100 ppmv limit if stack gas concentrations of hydrocarbons (HC) do not exceed 20 ppmv, except as provided by sub. (6) for certain industrial furnaces.

(b) HC limits shall be established under this section on an hourly rolling average basis (i.e., over any 60 minute period), reported as propane, and continuously corrected to 7% oxygen, dry gas basis.

(c) HC shall be continuously monitored in conformance with "Performance Specifications for Continuous Emission Monitoring of Hydrocarbons for Incinerators, Boilers and Industrial Furnaces Burning Hazardous Waste" in ch. NR 666 Appendix IX . CO and oxygen shall be continuously monitored in conformance with sub. (2) (b) .

(d) The alternative CO standard is established based on CO data during the trial burn (for a new facility) and the compliance test (for an interim license facility). The alternative CO standard is the average over all valid runs of the highest hourly average CO level for each run. The CO limit is implemented on an hourly rolling average basis, and continuously corrected to 7% oxygen, dry gas basis.

(4)   Special requirements for furnaces . Owners and operators of industrial furnaces (e.g., kilns, cupolas) that feed hazardous waste for a purpose other than solely as an ingredient (see s. NR 666.103 (1) (e) 2. ) at any location other than the end where products are normally discharged and where fuels are normally fired shall comply with the hydrocarbon limits provided by sub. (3) or (6) irrespective of whether stack gas CO concentrations meet the 100 ppmv limit of sub. (2) .

(5)   Controls for dioxins and furans . Owners and operators of boilers and industrial furnaces that are equipped with a dry particulate matter control device that operates within the temperature range of 450 to 750 ° F, and industrial furnaces operating under an alternative hydrocarbon limit established under sub. (6) shall conduct a site-specific risk assessment as follows to demonstrate that emissions of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans do not result in an increased lifetime cancer risk to the hypothetical maximum exposed individual (MEI) exceeding 1 in 100,000:

(a) During the trial burn (for new facilities or an interim license facility applying for an operating license) or compliance test (for interim license facilities), determine emission rates of the tetra-octa congeners of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (CDDs/CDFs) using Method 0023A, Sampling Method for Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans Emissions from Stationary Sources, EPA SW-846, as incorporated by reference in s. NR 660.11 .

(b) Estimate the 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxicity equivalence of the tetra-octa CDDs/CDFs congeners using "Procedures for Estimating the Toxicity Equivalence of Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxin and Dibenzofuran Congeners" in ch. NR 666 Appendix IX . Multiply the emission rates of CDD/CDF congeners with a toxicity equivalence greater than 0 (see the procedure) by the calculated toxicity equivalence factor to estimate the equivalent emission rate of 2,3,7,8-TCDD.

(c) Conduct dispersion modeling using methods recommended in Appendix W of 40 CFR part 51 ("Guideline on Air Quality Models (Revised)" (1986) and its supplements, incorporated by reference in s. NR 660.11 ), the "Hazardous Waste Combustion Air Quality Screening Procedure", provided in ch. NR 666 Appendix IX , or in Screening Procedures for Estimating the Air Quality Impact of Stationary Sources, Revised, EPA-450/R-92-019, incorporated by reference in s. NR 660.11 , to predict the maximum annual average off-site ground level concentration of 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents determined under par. (b) . The maximum annual average concentration shall be used when a person resides on-site.

(d) The ratio of the predicted maximum annual average ground level concentration of 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents to the risk-specific dose for 2,3,7,8-TCDD provided in ch. NR 666 Appendix V (2.2 X 10 –7 ) may not exceed 1.0.

(6)   Monitoring CO and HC in the by-pass duct of a cement kiln . Cement kilns may comply with the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon limits provided by subs. (2) , (3) and (4) by monitoring in the by-pass duct if both of the following conditions are met:

(a) Hazardous waste is fired only into the kiln and not at any location downstream from the kiln exit relative to the direction of gas flow.

(b) The by-pass duct diverts a minimum of 10% of kiln off-gas into the duct.

(7)   Use of emissions test data to demonstrate compliance and establish operating limits . Compliance with this section shall be demonstrated simultaneously by emissions testing or during separate runs under identical operating conditions. Further, data to demonstrate compliance with the CO and HC limits of this section or to establish alternative CO or HC limits under this section shall be obtained during the time that DRE testing, and where applicable, CDD/CDF testing under sub. (5) and comprehensive organic emissions testing under sub. (6) is conducted.

(8)   Enforcement . For the purposes of license enforcement, compliance with the operating requirements specified in the license (under s. NR 666.102 ) shall be regarded as compliance with this section. However, evidence that compliance with those license conditions is insufficient to ensure compliance with this section may be information justifying modification or revocation and re-issuance of a license under s. NR 670.041 .

History: CR 05-032 : cr. Register July 2006 No. 607 , eff. 8-1-06; corrections in (1) (b), (2) (b), (3) (c), (5) (b) to (d) made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 7. , Stats., Register March 2013 No. 687 .