Section 445.02. Definitions.

  The definitions contained in ch. NR 400 apply to the terms used in this chapter. In addition, the following definitions apply to the terms used in this chapter:

(1)  "Agricultural waste" means livestock manure, wastewater contaminated with livestock manure, animal waste byproducts and litter and bedding material contaminated, derived or mixed with livestock manure.

(1m)  "Best available control technology" or "BACT" means an emission limit for a hazardous air contaminant based on the maximum degree of reduction practically achievable as specified by the department on an individual case-by-case basis taking into account energy, economic and environmental impacts and other costs related to the source.

(2)  "Certified control device" means a control device that is certified by either the California air resources board or the United States environmental protection agency.

(3)  "Compression ignition internal combustion engine" or "CI engine" means an engine that has operating characteristics significantly similar to the theoretical diesel combustion cycle. The absence of a throttle to regulate intake air flow for controlling power during normal operation is indicative of a compression ignition engine. Combustion of the fuel in the engine proper is indicative of an internal combustion engine.

(4)  "Downwash minimization stack height" means a stack height equal to (H+1.5D) where H is the height of the structure and D is the lesser of the structure height or structure cross-wind horizontal dimension in the immediate vicinity of the stack.

(5)  "Due diligence" means one of the following:

(a) A reasonable search and inquiry conducted by the owner or operator to identify and quantify emissions of hazardous air contaminants at the facility and determine which, if any, are subject to regulation under the provisions in subch. II and provisions identified in s. NR 445.06 (1) (a) to (e) . The search and inquiry is reasonable if it entails an investigation of all facility operations that the owner or operator determines are likely to cause emissions of any hazardous air contaminant based on a substance listed in this chapter being any of the following:

1. Listed on an approved material safety data sheet or otherwise brought into the facility.

2. Reasonably expected to be created through a combustion process or a manufacturing process.

3. Contained in or created through the treatment or disposal of raw materials or waste.

(b) A review by the owner or operator of a source of incidental emissions of the criteria listed in s. NR 445.11 to determine whether the source is subject to regulation under s. NR 445.07 and those provisions identified in s. NR 445.06 (1) (a) to (e) .

(6)  "Essential service" means an activity to provide any of the following:

(a) Nuclear power plant emergency backup power generation.

(b) Combustion turbine startup.

(c) Safety or asset protection in an emergency situation.

(7)  "Hazardous air contaminant" means any air contaminant for which no ambient air quality standard is set in ch. NR 404 and which the department determines may cause or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible or incapacitating reversible illness, or may pose a significant threat to human health or the environment. The term hazardous air contaminant includes the substances listed in Tables A, B and C in s. NR 445.07 .

(8)  "Indoor fugitive emissions" means an air contaminant present in a workplace which is emitted to the ambient air from general ventilation sources.

(9)  "Lowest achievable emission rate" or "LAER" means the rate of emission of a hazardous air contaminant that reflects the more stringent of the following:

(a) The most stringent emission limitation for the hazardous air contaminant which is contained in the air pollution regulatory program of any state for this class or category of source, unless an applicant for a permit demonstrates that this limitation is not achievable.

(b) The most stringent emission limitation for the hazardous air contaminant which is achieved in practice by the class or category of source.

(10)  "Manufactures" means the process of making, fabricating, finishing, constructing, forming or assembling a product from raw, unfinished, semifinished or finished materials engaged in by a manufacturer.

(11)  "Multipathway impact" means the impact determined through the use of a department approved air dispersion modeling and health effects risk screening analysis that incorporates multiple routes of exposures from the release of a hazardous air contaminant to the environment, including, inhalation and ingestion e.g., via soil, drinking water, or food.

(12)  "On-road fuel oil" means any diesel fuel or distillate product that is used, intended for use or made available for use as a fuel in diesel motor vehicles or diesel motor vehicle engines.

(13)  "Rebuilt" means to have removed components from a CI engine and to have substituted these components with similar components to such an extent that the fixed capital cost of the substituted components over any 12 consecutive month period exceeds 50% of the fixed capital cost that would be required to purchase a comparable entirely new CI engine.

(14)  "Reference concentration" means a verified reference concentration developed by the United States environmental protection agency which is an estimate of an exposure of the human population, including sensitive subgroups, to a hazardous air contaminant that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. A reference concentration is based on continuous inhalation exposures to the hazardous air contaminant and is expressed in units of micrograms per cubic meter ( m g/m 3 ).

(15)  "Refuse derived fuel" means municipal solid waste which has undergone a process to, at a minimum, remove hazardous waste, minimize metals, glass and other non-combustible material; and has been processed for use as a fuel. Refuse derived fuel does not include tires, tire fragments, waste oils, waste solvents, and other material not normally contained in household solid waste.

(16)  "Treats" or "treatment" means any method, technique or process, including thermal destruction, that changes the physical, chemical or biological character or composition of a hazardous air contaminant so as to render the contaminant less hazardous, safer for transport or management, amenable to recovery, convertible to another useable material or reduced in volume.

(17)  "Unit risk factor" means the upper-bound excess lifetime cancer risk estimated to result from continuous exposure to a hazardous air contaminant concentration of 1 microgram per cubic meter in the air. A unit risk factor is expressed in units of cubic meters per microgram (m 3 / m g).

(18)  "Virgin fossil fuel" means any solid, refined liquid or refined gaseous fossil fuel with a Btu content greater than 7,000 Btu/lb which is not blended with reprocessed or recycled fuels. Group 1 virgin fossil fuels consist of natural gas, liquid petroleum gas, distillate fuel oil, gasoline and diesel fuel. Group 2 virgin fossil fuels consist of coal and residual fuel oil.

History: Renum. from NR 154.01 (19), (28e) and (116e), cr. (intro.), Register, September, 1986, No. 369 , eff. 10-1-86; renum. (1) to (3) to be (2), (3) and (9), cr. (1), (4) to (8), (10) and (11), Register, September, 1988, No. 393 , eff. 10-1-88; (9m) renum. from NR 400.02 (77), Register, December, 1988, No. 396 , eff. 1-1-89; am. (9m), Register, May, 1992, No. 437 , eff. 6-1-92; r. and recr. (2), Register, October, 1992, No. 442 , eff. 11-1-92; cr. (9g), Register, December, 1994, No. 468 , eff. 1-1-95; am. (intro.), (2), (6) and (9m), Register, December, 1995, No. 480 , eff. 1-1-96 ; am. (1), Register, January, 1997, No. 493 , eff. 2-1-97 ; am. (intro.) and (1), Register, November, 1999, No. 527 , eff. 12-1-99; CR 02-097 : renum. (1), (2), (4) to (8), (9g), (10) and (11) to be NR 400.02 (27m), 447.02 (4) and 445.02 (1m), (4), (7) to (9), (14), (15) and (18), am. (1m), (7) and (9) (intro.) as renumbered, cr. (1) to (3), (5), (6), (10) to (13), (16) and (17) Register June 2004 No. 582 , eff. 7-1-04; CR 07-076 : am. (5) (a) (intro.) Register July 2008 No. 631 , eff. 8-1-08; correction in (7) made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 7., Stats., Register July 2008 No. 631 .

Note

Changes in methods of operations, process modifications and material substitution are examples that may be likely to cause changes in emissions of hazardous air contaminants. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Examples include activities to provide emergency heating, ventilation, lighting, flood relief or spills response. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Packing, bottling, labeling and packaging are all considered to be manufacturing activities. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 The interpretation of unit risk would be as follows: a unit risk factor = 1.5 x 10 -6 m 3 / m g applied to a concentration of a hazardous air contaminant of 1 m g/m 3 would result in an expectation of 1.5 excess tumors to develop per 1,000,000 people exposed daily for a lifetime. Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1