State of Wisconsin
Department of Children and Families
Subsidized Guardianship
DCF 55
Emergency Rule
The Wisconsin Department of Children and Families
orders the
repeal of s.
DCF 55.03 (1) (b) 1.
(note); the renumbering of s.
DCF 55.10 (5) (c)
; the renumbering and amendment of s.
DCF 55.02 (7)
and
55.10 (5) (d)
; the amendment of ss.
DCF 55.02 (3)
and
(6)
,
55.03 (1) (c)
,
55.10 (2) (c)
,
55.10 (5) (d) 1.
, and
55.13
(title),
(1)
,
(2) (intro.)
,
(a)
to
(c)
,
(c)
(Note), (d),(e) 1., 2., (f), (4) (intro.), and (5); the repeal and recreation of s.
DCF 55.02 (11)
and
55.10 (2) (b)
; and the creation of ss.
DCF 55.02 (7) (b)
,
55.06 (2) (h) 11.
and
(m)
,
(3)
, and
(3) (note)
,
55.10 (1) (j)
,
(2) (b)
(Note), (2) (c) (Note), (5) (
bm
)
(intro.)
, and (5) (Note), and 55.125, relating to subsidized guardianship.
This emergency rule was approved
by the governor on November 14
, 2016
The statement of scope for this rule, SS
09
-16, was app
roved by the governor on March 9
, 2016,
published in
Register 723A2
, on March 14
, 2016, and approved by Secret
ary Eloise Anderson on March 31
, 2016.
Finding of Emergency
Analysis Prepared by the Department of Children and Families
Related statute or rule:
Section
48.977
,
Stats.;
Chapters
DCF 12
and
56
Explanation of Agency Authority
Section
48.623 (7) (
d
m
)
, Stats., as created by
2015 Wisconsin Act 143
, directs the department to promulgate rules to establish the conditions that must be met for a person specified in s.
48.623 (1) (b) 1. c.
,
Stats.,
to be eligible for subsidized guardianship payments. Section
48.623
(1)
(b) 1. c.
, Stats., as created by
2015 Wisconsin Act 143
, provides that, subject to the rules promulgated under s.
48.623 (7) (
d
m
)
, Stats., a guardian may be a person who has a significant emotional relationship with the child and who, during the child’s placement in out−of−home care, developed a relationship with the child that is similar to a familial relationship.
Section
48.623 (7) (e)
,
Stats.,
as created by
2015 Wisconsin Act 129
, directs the department to promulgate rules governing the payment of monthly subsidized guardianship payments to a successor guardian of a child.
Eligibility for subsidized guardianship under s.
48.623 (1)
, Stats., includes the requirement that
the child has been removed from his or her home under a voluntary agreement under s.
48.63
, Stats., or under a substantially similar tribal law or under a court order containing a finding that continued placement of the child in his or her home would be contrary to the welfare of the child.
Section
227.11 (2) (a)
, Stats., expressly confers rule-making authority on each agency to promulgate rules interpreting the provisions of any statute enforce
d or administered by the agency, subject to specified conditions.
Summary of the
Emergency
Rule
Addition to Definition of Like-kin
Among other
conditions
, e
ligibility for s
ubsidized guardianship
payments
is limited to
a guardian
of a child who
is a relative
as defined in s.
48.02 (15)
,
Stats.,
or
like-kin to the child.
The current rule defines
“like-kin”
as
a person who has a significant emotional relationship with the child or the child’s family and who, prior to the child’s placement in out-of-home care, had an existing relationship with the child or the child’s family that is similar to a familial relationship.
2015 Wisconsin Act 143
provides that, subject to the rules promulgated under s.
48.623 (7) (
dm
)
, Stats.,
a guardian
may
also
be a person who has a significant emotional relationship with the child
or the child’s family
and who, during the child’s placement in out−of−home care, developed a relationship with the child that is similar to a familial relationship.
The rules
add
the following
requirements
to the
new addition to the definition
of “like-kin”
:
•
The
person is a foster parent who has had a relationship with the child for at least 2 years.
•
The
child is 14 years of age or older.
•
The
child has been in out-of-home care for 15 out of the last 22 months.
•
The
agency or court determines that placement with a fit and willing relative is not in the child’s best interest.
Successor Guardianship
The federal
Preventing Sex Trafficking and Strengthening Families Act
provides that upon the death or incapacity of a subsidized guardian,
states
are required
to continue monthly subsidized guardianship payments
to
a
successor guardian
i
f
the
prospective
successor guardian was named in the
guardian’s subsidized guardianship
agreement
entered into
before the guardian’s death or incapacity
and other eligibility conditions are met.
Before monthly subsidized guardianship payments
can be
made to a
prospective
successor guardian,
2015
Wisconsin Act 129
and the rule
require
s
the
agency
to first
determine
whether the
prospective succes
sor guardian
is eligible to enter into a subsidized guardianship agreement.
Eligibility requirements include that the prospective successor guardian demonstrates a strong commitment to caring permanently for the child,
the
child has been consulted about the arrangement
if the child is age 14 or over
,
the agency determines that
the prospective guardian is eligible to be licensed as a foster parent, and the agency determines that placement of the child with the prospective successor guardian is in the best interests of the child.
If a prospective successor guardian is eligible, the agency and the prospective successor guardian shall enter into a subsidized guardi
anship agreement. An agency ma
y not provide subsidized guardianship payments to the prospective successor guardian until the court appoints the person as guardian of the child under s.
48
.977 (5m)
, Stats., or a substantially similar tribal law and an agreement under s.
DCF 55.01 (2)
, and any
order under
s.
48.345
,
48.357
,
48.363
,
48.365
,
938.345
,
938.357
,
938.363
, or
938.365
, Stats.,
placing the child, or continuing the placement of the child, outside of the child's home has been terminated, or any proceeding in which the child has been adjudged to be in need of protection or services specified in
s.
48.977 (2) (a)
, Stats.,
has been dismissed, as provided in
s.
48.977 (3r) (b)
, Stats.
Once the court appoints the person as guardian under s.
48.977 (5m)
,
Stats.,
and dismisses the specified orders, the agency shall provide monthly payments.
Termination of Payments if Parent in Home with Limited Exceptions
The
rules provide that a guardian is required to report to the agency if the
child’s parent
is residing with the guardian
and the child
. The agency will review the guardian’s eligibility if the parent remains in the guardian’s home for more than 30 days, u
nl
ess the guardian is
providing care for the child’s parent and the child’s parent is a minor or
is subject to an order for adult protective services or protective placement under s.
55.12
, Stats
. Following the review, the agency will send a notice of termination that will be effective 30 days after the date of the notice if the child’s parent is still residing with the guardian and the child.
Summary of Factual Data and Analytical Methodologies
•
The definition of
“like-kin” for a person who has a
significant emotional
relationship with a child that
is similar to a familial relationship and that
developed during the child’s
placement in out-of-home care is based on data
that shows children age 14 and over are less likely to be adopted than children under age 14.
Adoption is the preferred permanency option for a child.
•
The
successor guardianship provisions
specify procedures to implement state and federal statutes and Administration for Children and Families program interpretations.
•
The
rule
allow
s
very limited circumstances when a guardian can receive subsidized guardian payments
if
the child’s
paren
t is in the home.
Summary of Related Federal Law
42 USC 673
(d) (3), as created by Section 207 of the
Preventing Sex Trafficking and Strengthening Families Act
,
provides for
continuation of subsidized guardianship payments if the guardian dies or is incapacitated, and a successor guardian was named in the agreement before
the guardian’s death or incapacity. Implementation of Section 207 is required as a condition of funding under Title IV-E of the Social Security Act. Section 207 was effective September 29, 2014, and Wisconsin is currently under a Program Improvement Plan due to delayed implementation.
The Administration for Children and Families (ACF) Program Instruction ACYF-CB-PI-10-11,
Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008 Comprehensive Guidance
, July 9, 2010, provides that a State has discretion to define the term “relative” for the purposes of the subsidized guardianship program. The ACF will accept a Title IV-E plan or amendment that contains a reasonable interpretation of “relative,” including a plan that limits the term to biological and legal familial ties or a plan that more broadly includes tribal kin, extended family and friends, or other “fictive kin.”
Comparison to Adjacent States
Minnesota
.
The definition of “relative” includes an individual who is an important friend with whom a child has resided or had significant contact.
Minnesota has provisions on successor guardianship that are similar to the Wisconsin provisions.
Illinois
.
The definition of “fictive kin” is an individual
who is shown to have close personal or emotional ties with the child or the child
’s family prior to the child’
s placement with the individual
.
Illinois has provisions on successor guardianship that are similar to the Wisconsin provisions.
Iowa.
Iowa does not have a
federally-funded
subsidized guar
dianship program.
Michigan.
It appears that nonrelatives may be eligible to be a legal custodian of the child and receive state-funded guardianship assistance. Michigan has successor guardianship provisions that apply to Title IV-E-funded guardianship assistance payments.
Effect on Small Businesses
The rule does not affect small businesses.
Analysis Used to Determine Effect on Small Businesses
The rule affects
individuals,
county departments of social services and human services
, and the
department’s Division of Child Protective Services
.
Agency Contact Person
SECTION 1.
DCF 55.02 (3
) and
(6) are
amend
ed to read:
DCF 55.02
(3
)
“
Child” means a person less than 18 years of age
, except as provided in s.
DCF 55.10 (4)
.
(6)
“Interim caretaker” means a person seeking or receiving payments under s.
48.623 (6)
(am)
, Stats.
SECTION 2
. DCF 55.02 (7) is renumbered t
o DCF 55.02 (7) (intro.)
and amended to read:
DCF 55.02
(7
)
“
Like-kin”
means a
person
who ha
s
a significant emotional relationship with
the
child or the child’s
family
and
to whom
any of the following
applies
:
(a)
who
, prior
Prior
to the child’s placement in out-of-home care,
t
h
e person
had an existing relationship with the child or the
child’s family
that
is similar to a familial relationship
.
SECTION 3
.
DCF 55.02 (7) (b) is created to read:
DCF 55.02 (7
)
(
b
)
Durin
g
the child’s placement in out-of-home care, the person
developed a relationship with the child or the child’s family that is similar to a familial relationship and all of the following
apply
:
1.
The person is a foster parent
who has
had a relationship with
the
child for at least 2 years
.
2.
The child is 14 years of age or older.
3
.
The child has been
placed
in out-of-home care for 15 out of the last 22 months.
4
.
The agency or
court determines that
placement with a fit and willing relative is not in the child’s best interest.
SECTION 4
.
DCF 55.02
(11
)
is repealed and recreated to read:
DCF 55.02 (11
)
“
Relative” has the same meaning as in s.
48.02 (15)
, Stats.
SECTION 5
.
DCF 55.
03
(1
)
(b) 1. (
note
)
is repealed.
SECTION 6
.
DCF 55.03
(1)
(c)
is
amended to read:
DCF 55.03
(1)
(c)
An order under s.
48.32
,
48.345
,
48.357
,
48.363
,
48.365
,
938.32
,
938.345
,
938.357
,
938.363
, or
938.365
, Stats., or a substantially similar Wisconsin tribal court order placing the child, or continuing the placement of the child, outside of the child’s home has
been terminated, or any proceeding in which the child has been adjudged to be in need of protection or services specified in s.
48.977 (2) (a)
, Stats., has been dismissed as provided in s.
48.977 (3r)
(a)
, Stats., or a substantially similar proceeding under Wisconsin tribal law has been dismissed.
SECTION 7
.
DCF 55.06
(2) (h) 11.
and
(m)
, (3), and (3) (note)
are created to read:
DCF 55.06 (2)
(h) 11.
The child’s parent
is residing
with the gu
ardian and child
.
(m)
That
the
guardian may name a prospective successor
guardian
of the child
to assume the duty and authority
of guardianship up
on the death or incapacity of the guardian.
The prospective successor guardian would be eligible for monthly subsidized guardianship payment
s
only
if
the conditions specified in s.
48.623 (6) (
bm
)
, Stats., and s.
DCF 55.125
are met
and the court appoints the successor guardian to assume the duty and authority of guardianship under s.
48.977 (5m)
, Stats.
,
or under a substantially similar Wisconsin tribal law and an agreement specified in s.
DCF 55.01 (2)
.
(3)
An
agency shall use a form prescribed by the department to
amend a subsidized guardianship agreement
with a guardian to include
a
prospective successor guardian.
Note:
Form
DCF
-F-5038-E,
Amended Subsidized Guardianship Agreement to Include Successor Guardian
, is available in the forms section of the department website,
http://dcf.wisconsin.gov
, or by writing to the Division of Safety and Permanence, P.O. Box 8916, Madison
,
WI 53708-8916.
SECTION 8.
DCF 55.10
(1) (j) is created to read:
DCF 55.10 (1)
(j
)
The
child’s parent
is residing
with the guardian and child
.
SECTION 9. DCF 55.10 (2) (b) is repealed and recreated to read:
DCF 55.10 (2)
(b
)
Thirty
days after the ef
fective date of sub. (1) (
j
), u
nl
ess the guardian is
providing care for the child’s parent and any of the following apply:
1. The child’s parent is a minor.
2. T
he child’s parent is subject to an order for adult protective services or protective placement under s.
55.12
, Stats
.
SECTION 10. DCF 55.10 (2) (b) (Note) is created to read:
DCF 55.10 (2)
(b
)
Note
:
S
ection
55.12
, Stats., is the statutory section on adult protective services or protective placement orders.
SECTION 11. DCF 55.10 (2) (c) is amended to read:
DCF 55.10 (2)
(c
)
If
the agency
receives notice from the guardian or otherwise
knows or suspects that a change listed in sub.
(1)
has
occurred.
SECTION 12. DCF 55.10 (2) (c) (Note) is created to read:
DCF 55.10 (2)
(c)
Note:
If
the parent in the guardian’s
home poses a threat to
the
child
’s
safety, the agency should take appropriate steps to contact the local child protective services agency in Wisconsin or in the jurisdi
ction where the child resides.
The agency may also consider notifying the court that ordered the guardianship to
determine if the guardianship remains in the child’s best interests.
Guardianships under s.
48.977
,
Stats.,
are the result of a previous
action under ch.
48
, Stats.,
in which chil
d safety may have been an issue. T
herefore
,
it is imperative that the agency responds accordingly when the agency becomes
aware of actions to circumvent or dissolve the guardianship.
SECTION 13. DCF 55.10 (5) (
bm
)
(intro.)
is created to read:
DCF 55.10 (5)
(
bm
)
(intro.)
S
end
a notice to the guardian on a form prescribed by the department at least 30 days before the effective date of any of the following:
SECTION 14
. DCF 55.10 (5) (c)
is renumbered DCF 55.10 (5) (
bm
) 1.
SECTION 15. DCF 55.10 (5)
(d)
is
renu
mbered DCF 55.10 (5) (
bm
)
2.,
and, as renumbered, DCF 55.10 (5) (
bm
) 2.
b
. is amended to read:
DCF 55.10 (5) (
bm
) 2.
b.
A
change of circumstances under sub. (1) (
a
) to
(g)
(h)
or
(j)
has
occurred
.
SECTION 16
.
DCF 55.10 (5)
(Note) is created to read:
DCF 55.10 (5)
Note:
Form DCF-F-CFS 2737,
Notification of Subsidized Guardianship Suspension or Termination
,
is available in the forms section of the department website,
http://dcf.wisconsin.gov
, or by writing to the Division of Safety and Permanence, P.O. Box 8916, Madison
,
WI 53708-8916.
SECTION 17
.
DCF 55.125 is created to read:
DCF
55.125
Successor
guardian
.
(1)
Eligibility.
Upon the death or incapacity of a guardian
who
was
receiving subsidized guardianship payments under s.
48.623
,
Stats.,
and this chapter, the agency shall determine the eligibility of
a
person named as a
prospective successor guardian
in a subsidized guardianship agreement or amended subsidized guardianship agreement that was entered
into
before the death or incapacity of the guardian.
A prospective
successor
guardian is eligible to enter into a
new
subsidized guardianship agreement with
the
agency if the agency determines all of the following apply:
(a)
The prospective successor guardian demonstrates a strong commitment to caring permanently for the child.
(b
)
If t
he child
is
age 14 years or older
, the child
has been consulted
with regarding the successor
guardianship
arrangement.
(
c
)
The agency
determines that the
prospective successor guardian
is eligible to be licensed as a foster parent under ch.
DCF 56
and
the prospective guardian and nonclient residents in the prospective guardian’s home meet
the requir
e
ments of the
background check
in
s.
48.685
,
Stats.,
and s.
DCF 55.13
.
Note:
The agency is not required to
issue a
license to the prospective successor guardian.
(d
)
The agency determines that
placement of the child with the prospective successor guardian is in the best interests of the child. In the case of an Indian child, the best interests of the Indian child shall be determined in accordance with s.
48.01 (2)
, Stats.
Note:
Upon the death or incapacity of a guardian who did not name a prospective
successor guardian in a subsidized guardianship agreement or amended subsidized guardiansh
ip agreement
that was entered into before the guardian’s death or incapacity
, eligibility of a person to become a
new
subsidized guardian would be determined under s.
DCF 55.03
.
Section
DCF 55.03
would also apply to the eligibility
determination
of a
person seeking p
ayments under this chapter if the previous
guardianship
was
terminated for a reason othe
r than death or incapacity of the
guardian.
(2)
Eligibility
d
etermination
f
orm.
An
agency that determines a prospective successor guardian’s eligibility shall document the determination on a form prescribed by the department.
Note:
Form DCF-F-5069-E,
Subsidized Guardianship Successor Guardian Eligibility Determination
, is available on the forms page of the department website,
http://dcf.wisconsin.gov
,
or by writing to the Division of Safety and Permanence, P.O. Box 8916, Madison
,
WI 53708-8916.
(3)
Subsidized
g
uardianship
a
greement
.
The
agency shall enter into a written, signed subsidized guardianship agreement
with the
prospective successor guardian
under
s.
DCF 55.06
if the agency determines that the prospective successor guardian is eligible under sub. (1)
.
The
agency shall enter into the
subsidized guardianship
agreement
with the
prospective successor guardian before guardianship is established under s.
48.977
(5m)
, Stats.,
or under a substantially similar Wisconsin tribal law and an agreement specified in s.
DCF 55.01 (2
)
.
(4
)
Court
.
An agency may not provide subsidized guardianship payments to a prospective successor guardian until
all
of the following
occur:
(a)
A
court
appoints
the successor guardian to assume the duty and authority of guardianship under s.
48.977 (5m)
,
Stats.
,
or under a substantially similar Wisconsin tribal law and an agreement spec
ified in s.
DCF 55.01 (2)
.
(b)
Any order under
s.
48.345
,
48.357
,
48.363
,
48.365
,
938.345
,
938.357
,
938.363
, or
938.365
, Stats.,
placing the child, or continuing the placement of the child, outside of the
child
’
s
home has been terminated, or any proceeding in which the child has been adjudged to be in need of protection or services specified in
s.
48.977 (2) (a)
, Stats.,
has been dismissed, as provided in
s.
48.977 (3r) (b)
, Stats
,
or under a substantially similar Wisconsin tribal law and an agreement speci
fied in s.
DCF 55.01 (2)
.
(5
)
Monthly
p
ayments
.
An agency shall provide monthly subsidized guardianship payments
in an amount determined under s.
DCF 55.07
or
55.08
to
a guardian
appointed under s.
48.977 (5m)
, Stats.,
or under a substantially similar Wisconsin tribal law and an agreement speci
fied in s.
DCF 55.01 (2)
.
SECTION
18
.
DCF 55.13 (title), (1), (2)
(intro.)
,
(a) to (c
)
,
(c) (Note), (d),
(e) 1.
and
2., (f), (4) (intro.), and (5)
are amended to read:
DCF 55.13
(title
) DCF
55.13
Background check of interim caretaker
or prospective successor guardian
and nonclient residents.
(1)
Provide
i
nformation
.
(
a) Before an
agency provides subsidized guardianship payments to an interim caretaker seeking payments under s.
DCF 55.12
or determines that a prospective successor guardian is eligible to enter into a subsidized guardianship agreement
,
the interim caretaker
or prospective successor guardian
and any nonclient resident in the interim caretaker’s
or prospective successor guardian’s
home shall do all of the following:
1. Complete and submit to the agency the department’s background information disclosure form and written authorization for the agency to make follow-up contact with the Wisconsin department of justice and any other person or organization to determine if there is any reason under sub. (4)
why
the interim caretaker is not eligible to receive subsidized guardianship payments under s.
DCF 55.12
or the prospective successor guardian is not eligible to enter into a su
bsidized guardianship agreement
.
2. Provide the agency with information on their places of residence during the 5-year period before the interim caretaker is seeking subsidized guardianship payments under s.
DCF 55.12
or the prospective successor guardian is seeking to enter into a subsidized guardianship agreement
.
(b) Before an agency provides subsidized guardianship payments to an interim caretaker seeking payments under s.
DCF 55.12
or enters into a subsidized guardianship agreement with a prospective successor
guardian
,
the interim caretaker
or prospective successor guardian
shall provide the agency or its designated agent with a set of fingerprints sufficiently clear to submit to the Wisconsin department of justice or other law enforcement agency for submission to the national crime information database as provided in s.
48.685 (2) (c) 1.
, Stats.
(2)
Conduct background check.
After the agency receives the information under sub. (1)
and
before the agency provides subsidized guardianship payments to an interim caretaker
or enters into a subsidized guardianship agreement with a prospective successor guardian
, the agency shall do all of the following:
(a) The agency shall obtain the information required under s.
48.685 (2) (am)
,
Stats.,
regarding the interim caretaker
or prospective successor guardian
and any nonclient resident in the interim caretaker’s
or prospective successor guardian’s
home.
(b) The agency shall submit the fingerprints of the interim caretaker
or prospective successor guardian
under sub. (1) (b) to the Wisconsin department of justice or other law enforcement agency for submission to the national crime information database as provided in s.
48.685 (2) (c) 1.
, Stats.
(c) The agency shall conduct a reverse search of the Wisconsin sex offender registry using the interim caretaker’s
or prospective successor guardian’s
address.
Note:
A reverse search by address can be done by entering the interim caretaker’s
or prospective successor guardian’s
address at http://doc.wi.gov/community-resources/offender-registry. The Wisconsin Sex Offender Registry does not contain information on all convicted sex offenders.
The information is limited by the effective date of the applicable law and to those offenders who have been arrested and convicted, adjudicated, or committed for a crime specified under the law and who meet registration and publication requirements.
For example, certain sex offenses by juveniles or other persons may not meet registration or publication requirements. Please consider these limitations when obtaining information from the sex offender registry.
(d) If the agency is informed that a nonclient resident in the interim caretaker’s
or prospective successor guardian’s
home resided outside the state of Wisconsin at any time during the 3-year period before the search, the agency shall obtain a criminal history records search from any state in which the person is or was a resident.
(e)
1. If the agency is informed that the interim caretaker
or prospective successor guardian
or a nonclient resident in the interim caretaker’s
or prospective successor guardian’s
home resided in the state of Wisconsin at any time during the 5-year period before the search, the agency shall contact each county in Wisconsin in which the person is a resident or was a resident during those 5 years for information on any child abuse or neglect report or finding.
2. If the agency is informed that the interim caretaker
or prospective successor guardian
or a nonclient resident in the interim caretaker’s
or prospective successor guardian’s
home resided outside the state of Wisconsin at any time during the 5-year period before the search, the agency shall check any child abuse or neglect registry maintained by any other jurisdiction in which the person is a resident or was a resident during those 5 years for information on any child abuse or neglect report or finding.
(f) If the agency
is informed that the interim caretaker
or prospective successor guardian
or a nonclient resident in the interim caretaker’s
or prospective successor guardian’s
home served in a branch of the U.S. armed forces, including any reserve component, the agency shall make every reasonable effort to obtain information on the discharge status of the person. This information may be obtained from the discharge papers or from the armed forces branch in which the person served. If the discharge status is other than honorable, the agency shall obtain information on the nature and circumstances of the discharge.
(4)
(
intro
.)
Offenses
t
hat
a
re
a
b
ar.
Unless the person has demonstrated that he or she has been rehabilitated under s.
48.685 (5)
or
(5c)
, Stats., and ch.
DCF 12
, an agency may not provide subsidized guardianship payments to an interim caretaker
or determine that a prospective successor guardian is eligible to enter into a subsidized guardianship agreement
if any of the following apply regarding the interim caretaker
or prospective successor guardian
or a nonclient resident in the interim caretaker’s
or prospective successor guardian’s
home:
(5)
Denials
.
The agency shall provide the department with information about each person who is denied monthly subsidized guardianship payments or permission to reside in the home of an interim caretaker
or prospective successor guardian
for a reason specified in sub. (4).
SECTION 19
.
EFFECTIVE DATE.
This rule s
hall take effect upon publication
as
provided in s.
227.24 (1) (c)
, Stats.
